Jacques Hérold (born Herold Blumer; 10 October 191011 January 1987) was a prominent

surrealist Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to ...

painter born in Piatra Neamț,

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...

Biography

Considered one of the most important late-period

Surrealist Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to ...

painters, Hérold was born in a Jewish family in Piatra Neamț,

. He spent most of his childhood in the Danubian port city of Galați, where his father was making and selling candy. Between 1925 and 1927 he studied at a School of Fine Arts in

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...

, against his father's will. After 2 years, he abandoned the Art Academy in 1929 and instead started working at an architecture bureau. In the same year he briefly contributed to a few Romanian Surrealist revues. In 1930, he moved to France and, thanks to a

fake ID Identity document forgery is the process by which identity documents issued by governing bodies are copied and/or modified by persons not authorized to create such documents or engage in such modifications, for the purpose of deceiving those ...

, changed his name from Herold Blumer (his birth name) to Jacques Hérold. He settled in Paris, where he maintained a close friendship with Constantin Brâncuși, for whom he also worked as a chef or even secretary. He also met Surrealist painter

Yves Tanguy Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (January 5, 1900 – January 15, 1955), known as just Yves Tanguy (, ), was a French surrealist painter. Biography Tanguy, the son of a retired navy captain, was born January 5, 1900, at the Ministry of Naval Aff ...

, thanks to whom Hérold was allowed in Breton's group, participating at games and contributing with paintings that were held in high esteem by the likes of Raoul Ubac or Andre Breton himself. After the tensioned period of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

, he managed to have his first solo exhibition in 1947. Starting with this year's " Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme", he had an active presence in all the important Surrealist exhibitions worldwide. After 1951 (when he also departed from Breton's group), his style increased in abstraction and would be associated later with

Lyrical abstraction Lyrical abstraction is either of two related but distinct trends in Post-war Modernist painting: ''European Abstraction Lyrique'' born in Paris, the French art critic Jean José Marchand being credited with coining its name in 1947, considered ...

and

Tachisme __NOTOC__ Tachisme (alternative spelling: Tachism, derived from the French word ''tache'', stain) is a French style of abstract painting popular in the 1940s and 1950s. The term is said to have been first used with regards to the movement in 19 ...

. In 1958 he published the book ''Maltraité de peinture'' and received the Copley Foundation prize. In 1959 he had an exhibition at the Tate Gallery from London. In 1972, a monographic exhibition at l'Abbaye de Royaumont. In 1986, one year before his death, he exhibited works at the

Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale (; it, La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation. The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of ...

. During his lifetime, Hérold has done cover artwork and illustrations for more than 80 books by the likes of

Gherasim Luca Gherasim Luca (; 23 July 1913 – 9 February 1994) was a Romanian surrealist theorist and poet. Born Salman Locker in Romania and also known as Costea Sar, and Petre Malcoci, he became an apatrid after leaving Romania in 1952. Biography Born ...

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Francis Ponge Francis Jean Gaston Alfred Ponge (; 27 March 1899 – 6 August 1988) was a French essayist and poet. Influenced by surrealism, he developed a form of prose poem, minutely examining everyday objects. He was the third recipient of the Neustadt Inter ...

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, Marquis de Sade,

Michel Butor Michel Butor (; 14 September 1926 – 24 August 2016) was a French poet, novelist, teacher, essayist, art critic and translator. Life and work Michel Marie François Butor was born in Mons-en-Barœul, a suburb of Lille, the third of seven childre ...

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Ilarie Voronca Ilarie Voronca (pen name of Eduard Marcus; 31 December 1903, Brăila—8 April 1946, Paris) was a Romanian avant-garde poet and essayist. life and career Voronca was of Jewish ethnicity. In his early years, he was connected with Eugen Lovine ...

, Claude Sernet, etc. In 1995, Art critic Sarane Alexandrian published the essay book ''Jacques Hérold. Étude historique et critique''.

Individual exhibitions

* 1947 Paris, Galerie Cahiers d’Art * 1948 New York, Galerie Julius Carlebach * 1949 San Francisco, M. H. de Young Memorial Museum * 1951 Bruxelles, Galerie Ex-Libris : Wuppertal, Galerie Parnass * 1952 Francfort, Zimmergalerie Franck * 1954 Paris, Galerie Furstenberg * 1957 Bruxelles, Palais des Beaux-Arts * 1959 Paris, La Cour d’Ingres * 1960 Wuppertal, Galerie Parnass * 1965 Paris, Au Pont des Arts * 1966 Marseille, Galerie Garibaldi : Milan, Galleria Milano * 1968 Lacoste, Galerie Les Contards * 1970 Paris, Au Pont des Arts : Turin, Galerie Il Fauno * 1971 Bonnieux, Galerie du Haut Bonnieux : Montauban, Maison du Peuple * 1972 Paris, Galerie de Seine : Asnières-sur-Oise, Abbaye de Royaumont * 1973 Helsinki, Galerie Christel * 1974 Milan, Galleria Annunciata * 1975 Beyrouth, Gallery One * 1977 Paris, Galerie de Seine * 1978 Paris, Galerie des Grands Augustins * 1979 Paris, Galerie B.I.M.C. * 1980 Monte Carlo, Galerie Le Point : Paris, Galerie de Larcos * 1981 Florence, Institut Français : Florence, Galerie Saletta Gonnelli * 1982 Rome, Centre culturel français : Rome, Studio Zebra * 1984 Séoul, Galerie de Séoul * 1985 Paris, Galerie Patrice Trigano : Paris, Galerie Arenthon * 1987 Saint-Brieuc, Centre d’Action Culturelle * 1990 Paris, Galerie La Pochade * 1996 Thonon-les-Bains, Maison des Arts : Jacques Hérold - Le surréalisme et après * 2006 Paris, Galerie Marion Meyer et Galerie 1900 - 2000 * 2010 Marseille, Musée Cantini : Jacques Hérold et le surréalisme.

Main group exhibitions

* 1931 Paris, Galerie de la Renaissance : Salon « 1940 » * 1936 Paris, Salon des Surindépendants * 1938 Paris, Salon des Surindépendants * 1939 Paris, Salon des Indépendants : Paris, Galerie contemporaine : Le rêve dans l’art et la littérature * 1944 Paris, Salon d’Automne : Groupe Surréaliste * 1945 Paris, Salon d’Automne - : Paris, Salon des Surindépendants - : Bruxelles, Galerie des Éditions La Boétie : Surréalisme * 1946 Paris, Galerie Denise René, D’Ingres à nos jours : Paris, Galerie Pierre : Hommage à Antonin Artaud : Paris, Salon des Surindépendants * 1947 Paris, Galerie Maeght : Le Surréalisme en 1947 : Prague, Topicov Salon : Surrealismo internazionale : Paris, Salon des Surindépendants * 1948 Paris, Galerie Nina Dausset : Le Cadavre exquis, son exaltation * 1949 Paris, Galerie Nina Dausset : Surréalisme, documents inédits * 1950 Malmoe : Phases : Londres, Institut of Contemporary Arts : London-Paris * 1951 Liège, Musée de Liège : La peinture française au Musée de Liège, nouvelles acquisitions : Tokyo, Exposition internationale * 1952 Saarebrücken, Saarland Museum : Surrealistische Malerei in Europa - * 1953 Ostende, Kursaal : Art Fantastique * 1954 Paris, Studio Facchetti : Phases : Lima, Galeria de Lima : Pinturas Surrealistas * 1955 Paris, Galerie Creuze : Phases de l’art contemporain * 1957 Otterlo, Museum Kröller-Müller, et Liège, Musée des Beaux-Arts : Collection Urvater : Paris, Salon de Mai (et les suivants jusqu’en 1968) * 1958 Paris, Musée d’Art Moderne * 1959 Milan, Galerie Schwarz : Mostra surrealista internazionale : Paris, Galerie Daniel Cordier : Exposition internationale du Surréalisme (EROS) * 1960 New York, D’Arcy Galleries : International Surrealist Exhibition * 1961 Besançon, Palais Granvelle : Surréalistes et précurseurs * 1962 Paris, Galerie La Cour d’Ingres : Lam, Paalen, Hérold * 1963 Paris, Galerie Le Point Cardinal : Collages surréalistes * 1964 Paris, Galerie Charpentier : Le Surréalisme. Sources, Histoire, Affinités : Gand, Musée des Beaux-Arts : Figuration Défiguration - La figure humaine depuis Picasso * 1965 Paris, Galerie L’œil : L’écart absolu : Sao Paulo, Museu de Arte Moderna, VIIIe Biennale : Surrealismo e Arte fantastica * 1966 Rio de Janeiro, Museu de Arte Moderna : Surrealismo e Arte fantastica. : Tel Aviv, Musée d’art moderne : Le Surréalisme : Berne, Kunsthalle : Phantastische Kunst Surrealismus * 1967 Cuba, Musée de La Havane, Sélection du Salon de Mai * 1968 Knokke - Le Zoute, Kursaal : Trésors du Surréalisme * 1969 Avignon, Palais des Papes : L’œil écoute * 1971 Bordeaux, Musée des Beaux-Arts : Surréalisme * 1972 Munich, Haus des Kunst : Der Surrealismus : Paris, Musée des Arts décoratifs : Le Surréalisme * 1973 Paris, Galerie de Seine : Philippe Soupault, Collection fantôme * 1974 Milan, Galerie Annunciata : Maestri del Surrealismo : Château de Saint-Cirq-Lapopie : Aspects du Surréalisme * 1976 Paris, Galerie des Grands Augustins : Rituel surréaliste : Bruxelles, Galerie Govaerts : Les demeures d’Hypnos * 1978 Zurich, Kunsthaus, Le musée en tiroirs. * 1979 Paris, Galerie de Seine et Bruxelles, Galerie Isy Brachot : Le Musée volé de Michel Lancelot * 1980 Marseille, Musée Cantini : Cantini 80 * 1981 Lyon, ELAC : Permanence du regard surréaliste : Paris, Musée National d’Art Moderne - Centre Georges Pompidou : Paris - Paris, 1937-1957 * 1982 Paris, Galerie de Seine : Surréalisme et Abstraction 1921-1960 * 1983 Paris, Galerie 1900-2000 : Trajectoires 1905 – 1983 * 1984 Washington, Hirshorn museum : Artistic collaboration in the 20th Century * 1985 Liège, Musée d’Art Moderne : Voir avec Michel Butor * 1986 Venise : Biennale de Venise - : Marseille, La Vieille Charité : La Planète affolée : Paris, Galerie Artcurial : L’aventure surréaliste autour d’André Breton * 1989 Milan, Palazzo Reale : I Surrealisti, a cura di Arturo Schwarz / * 1991 Paris, Musée National d’Art Moderne - Centre Georges Pompidou : André Breton, la beauté convulsive. * 2011 Saint-Louis, Alsace, Espace d'Art Contemporain Fernet-Branca : Chassé-Croisé Dada-Surréaliste 1916–1969.

Works in French and foreign museums

* Brussels, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium : ''Le nu fou'', oil on canvas, 1964. * Céret, Musée d’Art Moderne : ''Les poussées contradictoires'', oil on canvas, 1957. * Jérusalem, The Israel Museum : ''Sans titre'', oil on cardboard, 1934. * Liège, Musée d’Art Moderne : ''L’incendie'', oil on panel, 1948. * Marseille, Musée Cantini : ''Les Têtes'', oil on canvas, 1939 / ''Sans titre'', oil on canvas, 1940 / ''Dessin collectif'', 1940 / Two drawings of playing cards for ''Le Jeu de Marseille'', 1941 / ''La terre, la nuit'', oil on canvas, 1965. * New York, Museum of Modern Art : ''Cadavre exquis'', 1934. * Paris, Musée National d’Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou : ''Le rouge en flamme, le noir en voûte'', oil on panel, 1947 / ''Cadavre exquis'', 1941. Paris, * Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris : ''Une flamme sur la nuque'', oil on canvas, 1966. * Rome, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea : ''L’amour dans la forêt'', oil on canvas, 1976. * Valence, Musée des Beaux-Arts : ''Poussières d’Afrique'', oil on canvas, 1961.

References and sources

;References ;Sources
Benezit Dictionary of Artists, 2006
site Oxford Index (subscription or library membership required)

External links

Jacques Hérold, 1910-1987
Galerie Alain Paire
Bande Annonce de Jacques Hérold
Seven Doc, YouTube

The Surrealism Website
''Historical Dictionary of Surrealism'', Keith Aspley, 2010, p. 248, Jacques Hérold
books google {{DEFAULTSORT:Hérold, Jacques 1910 births 1987 deaths People from Piatra Neamț Romanian Jews Romanian artists 20th-century Romanian painters Modern painters Modern printmakers Romanian printmakers Romanian surrealist artists 20th-century Romanian sculptors Abstract expressionist artists Abstract painters Art Informel and Tachisme painters