Josiah Cleaveland Cady (January 1837 – April 17, 1919) or J. Cleaveland Cady, was an American architect who is known for his Romanesque and

Rundbogenstil (round-arch style) is a nineteenth-century historic revival style of architecture popular in the German-speaking lands and the German diaspora. It combines elements of Byzantine, Romanesque, and Renaissance architecture with particul ...

style designs. He was also a founder of the

American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to s ...

. More than fifteen of his buildings are on the

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic ...

. His most famous surviving building is the

American Museum of Natural History The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH) is a natural history museum on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. In Theodore Roosevelt Park, across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 26 int ...

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

. In 1920, Alexander Dana Noyes said, "In his professional career, J. Cleveland Cady was perhaps the embodiment of the effort of American architecture, fifty years ago, to find itself while cutting loose from the false and meretricious standards of the Second Empire."

Early life

Cady was born in

Providence, Rhode Island Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. One of the oldest cities in New England, it was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts ...

to Lydia Smith Platner and Josiah Cady, a Deacon who was president of the Rhode Island State Anti-Slavery Society. His father died in 1853. Cady attended

Bacon Academy Bacon Academy is a public high school in Colchester, Connecticut, in the United States. In 1800 a prominent Colchester farmer, Pierpont Bacon, died and left an endowment of thirty-five thousand dollars (with buying power equivalent to that of abou ...

and Plainfield Academy, both in

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the ...

. He attended

Trinity College Trinity College may refer to: Australia * Trinity Anglican College, an Anglican coeducational primary and secondary school in , New South Wales * Trinity Catholic College, Auburn, a coeducational school in the inner-western suburbs of Sydney, New ...

Hartford, Connecticut Hartford is the capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It was the seat of Hartford County until Connecticut disbanded county government in 1960. It is the core city in the Greater Hartford metropolitan area. Census estimates since t ...

for one year in 1857, and took additional classes in 1860. At Trinity, he was a member of the Fraternity of Delta Psi ( St. Anthony Hall). However, he did not officially graduate. Between 1857 and 1864, Cady pursued his studies in architecture. He received his architectural training from a German professor of architecture who was living in New York City. He also studied watercolor painting with Alfred Fredericks.

Career

Cady worked as a paid

draftsman A drafter (also draughtsman / draughtswoman in British and Commonwealth English, draftsman / draftswoman or drafting technician in American and Canadian English) is an engineering technician who makes detailed technical drawings or plans for ...

for Town & Davis in

. By 1864, he opened his practice, J. Cleaveland Cady, Architect. He advertised that he could provide designs and plans for churches, cottages, public buildings, residences, schools, stores, and warehouses. The ''Brooklyn Union'' described Cady as "a young man of fine talents, of refined and cultivated taste, and profoundly zealous in his profession." From 1864 to 1881, his offices were in the Trinity Building at 111 Broadway in

Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...

which served as a studio for dozens of architects, providing opportunities for many collaborations. In 1864, he was working with associates Rider & Alden in

. In May 1869, he was associated with architect Henry M. Cougdon. In 1871

Milton See Milton may refer to: Names * Milton (surname), a surname (and list of people with that surname) ** John Milton (1608–1674), English poet * Milton (given name) ** Milton Friedman (1912–2006), Nobel laureate in Economics, author of '' Fre ...

(1854 – 1920) joined his practice, followed by

Louis DeCoppet Berg Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis (d ...

(1856 – 1945) in 1873.
Brief Biographies of American Architects Who Died Between 1897 and 1947.
' Transcribed from the American Art Annual by Earle G. Shettleworth, Jr. Society of Architectural Historians. Both were just seventeen years old when they began working with Cady. In 1882, he formed the firm J. C. Cady & Company. In 1890, the firm became known as Cady, Berg & See. With formal training in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...

, Berg was the structural and mechanical engineer for the firm. See was the chief technician, while Cady was the "chief designer." Their offices were located at 31 East 17th Street in

. They were joined by student draftsman William S. Gregory (1865 – 1945) in 1892. The firm dissolved in 1909. Cady and Gregory formed a partnership known as Cady & Gregory in 1909. They had offices at 40 West 32nd Street in New York City.

Projects

CHURCH OF THE HOLY COMMUNION, NORWOOD, BERGEN COUNTY NJ

HAMPTON UNIVERSITY Monroe Memorial Church

CLIFFSIDE, PALISADES, ROCKLAND COUNTY, NY

DEMAREST RAILROAD DEPOT, BERGEN COUNTY, NJ

Shoe and Leather Bank, New York City, architectural sketch by J

Cultural buildings

Brooklyn Academy of Design

In 1869, Cady received his big break with the commission to build the Brooklyn Art Association's Brooklyn Academy of Design. For this project, he worked with architect Henry M. Cougdon in what appears to be their only collaboration. They executed the stone building in high

Victorian Gothic Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...

style in tones of brown, grey and pink. Opening in 1872, the Brooklyn Academy of Design included exhibition space and studios for artists. The building was pictured in ''The American Architect and Building News'' in January 1876. Although this is not the style Cady is known for, architect Montgomery Schuyler said the Brooklyn Academy of Design is "one of the few successful secular Gothic designs."

Peabody Museum

Cady also designed the original

Peabody Museum of Natural History The Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University is among the oldest, largest, and most prolific university natural history museums in the world. It was founded by the philanthropist George Peabody in 1866 at the behest of his nephew Oth ...

to house

Yale University Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the w ...

's mineral collection, fossils, and exhibits on zoology and geology. The

Gothic style Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...

building was constructed between 1873 and 1876 from brown and Nova Scotia stone, as well as Philadelphia-pressed brick. However, only a portion of Cady's design was ever constructed. The museum was located at the corner of Elm and High Streets but was demolished in 1917.

Barron Library

Cady designed the Barron Library in Middlesex, New Jersey in 1878.Bischoff, C. Gerald (April 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Barron Library".

National Park Service The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational properti ...

. This brownstone in Romanesque style has a Roman arch, a three-story tower, and stained-glass windows. It was built of Belleville stone. Inside, the Reading Room's fireplace is outlined in Delft tiles depicting Bible scenes.

Metropolitan Opera House

Cady was the architect of the original Metropolitan Opera House which opened in October 1883. To get this contract, the firm won a design contest, gaining the advantage because of its inexpensive construction costs, functionality, and fireproofing. It also incorporated the newest engineering technologies, including electric lights, elevators, an iron cage for structural support, a sprinkler system for fire suppression, and a simple air conditioning system. The latter made the designer "a true architectural pioneer." When completed, it seated 3,700 people and was the largest opera house in the world.Korom J. JJ. Chapter Two: Continued Experimentation 1875-1889. ''American Skyscraper, 1850-1940: A Celebration of Height''. August 2008:57-130. Accessed April 18, 2022. via EBSCO. Its four-story façade had matching seven-story towers with commercial establishments on the ground level, restaurants and ballrooms above, and apartments for bachelors in the upper levels—making this "an early and excellent example of a multi-use project." Its plans were published in '' The American Architect'', February 16, 1884. Cady described the building as, "a simple dignity that will not be tiresome or uninteresting as the years go by." Although its yellow brick and terracotta exterior was not particularly noteworthy, the

Historic American Buildings Survey Heritage Documentation Programs (HDP) is a division of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) responsible for administering the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), and Historic American Landscapes ...

noted, "its interior placed it among the great opera houses of the world." Cady's original auditorium was destroyed by a fire on August 27, 1892; it was rebuilt by the architectural firm of

Carrère and Hastings Carrère and Hastings, the firm of John Merven Carrère ( ; November 9, 1858 – March 1, 1911) and Thomas Hastings (March 11, 1860 – October 22, 1929), was one of the outstanding American Beaux-Arts architecture firms. Located in New York City ...

and was used until 1966. However, in 1936, it was noted, "The opera house was designed by J. C. Cady, a prominent architect of the day. That Mr. Cady was without experience in theater construction seemed to matter little; audiences ever since have paid for his mistakes, as but half the stage can be seen from the side seats of the balcony and family circle." The opera house was razed in 1967. For a while, the Vaudeville Club used the Met's auditorium. In consultation with the architect

Stanford White Stanford White (November 9, 1853 – June 25, 1906) was an American architect. He was also a partner in the architectural firm McKim, Mead & White, one of the most significant Beaux-Arts firms. He designed many houses for the rich, in addition ...

, Cady designed the Concert Hall of the Vaudeville Club. The club would later become the Met's Friends group.

American Museum of Natural History

Cady, Berg & See designed the main building of the

(1899) in New York City. The firm was selected through a design contest held in 1877. The museum's Romanesque design was very open because of iron supports beneath the red granite façade. Running 710 feet along the museum's West 77th Street entrance, this was the longest public building façade in New York City. It included black cherry window frames, elaborate cornices, cartouches, eagles, finials, wreaths, and a 112-foot-wide

porte-cochère A porte-cochère (; , late 17th century, literally 'coach gateway'; plural: porte-cochères, portes-cochères) is a doorway to a building or courtyard, "often very grand," through which vehicles can enter from the street or a covered porch-like ...

.Bernard, Joan Kelly. (2009-09-01). “Romanesque Revival.” ''Natural History'', Vol. 118, Issue 7. Accessed April 18, 2022, via Gale It "has been hailed as one of the finest examples of

Romanesque Revival architecture Romanesque Revival (or Neo-Romanesque) is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture. Unlike the historic Romanesque style, Romanesque Revival buildings tended to ...

in New York City." Inside, the building reflected a new approach to museum design; it included spaces for both public exhibitions and scholarly study.

Colleges

Cady, Berg & See designed buildings for many college including Bellevue Medical School, Berea Collage,

Wesleyan University Wesleyan University ( ) is a private liberal arts university in Middletown, Connecticut. Founded in 1831 as a men's college under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church and with the support of prominent residents of Middletown, the col ...

Williams College Williams College is a private liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts. It was established as a men's college in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim Williams, a colonist from the Province of Massachusetts Bay who was kille ...

, and

Trinity College

At Trinity College, Cady designed

Saint Anthony Hall St. Anthony Hall or the Fraternity of Delta Psi is an American fraternity and literary society. Its first chapter was founded at Columbia University on , the feast day of Saint Anthony the Great. The fraternity is a non–religious, nonsectari ...

(1878), a chapter house for the Fraternity of Delta Psi (aka St. Anthony Hall). Robert Habersham Coleman, a former classmate and fraternity brother of Cady, donated the funds to construct the chapter house. Cady's design departed "from the traditional 'tomb-like' structures of fraternities at other schools…" Instead, his Romanesque fraternity house "was more a cross between a house and fortress." He also designed the Jarvis Hall of Science (1899) at Trinity, which was demolished in the 1960s.

Yale University

For Yale, Cady designed more than fifteen buildings, including Berkeley Hall (1893–94, demolished), Chittenden Memorial Library (1889–90), Dwight Hall which included the YMCA (1885–86, demolished 1926) Fayerweather Hall (1900–01, demolished), Hendrie Hall (1894–97), Lampson Hall (1903, demolished), Lyceum Hall (1903, demolished), North Sheffield School (1873), Pierson Hall (1896, demolished), Sheffield Chemical Laboratory (1894–95), White Hall (1893–94, demolished), Winchester Hall (1892–93, demolished), and the Yale Infirmary (1892). George Brush, head of the engineering department at Yale's

Sheffield Scientific School Sheffield Scientific School was founded in 1847 as a school of Yale College in New Haven, Connecticut, for instruction in science and engineering. Originally named the Yale Scientific School, it was renamed in 1861 in honor of Joseph E. Sheffiel ...

praised North Sheffield Hall, saying, "The building is considered a complete success; great surprise is expressed that with so simple an external form—a mere cube—such an admirable architectural effect has been produced, and the interior arrangements are so simple, complete and substantial, that everyone is impressed with the fact, that nothing has been sacrificed to mere decoration, but everything is for use. … ady hasfurnished a substantial, common sense building, massive, but elegant in design, and pleasingly artistic in its general appearance, while it is thoroughly well adapted for the uses of our institution." Although only part of the Chittenden Library design was constructed, it is Cady's "most overtly Richardsonian building." However, "the best remaining example of the superb craftsmanship of Cady's buildings" is probably Sheffield Chemical Laboratory.

Williams College

In 1883, Cady designed the dormitory Morgan Hall for Williams Collage. This was followed by a Lasell Gymnasium in 1886. Both buildings are a mix of Romanesque and Dutch styles and were executed in Kentucky and Williamstown limestone.

Wesleyan University

Cady's work at Wesleyan started with a boiler plant in 1891. His next commission was Fayerweather Gymnasium in 1889. Cady's Romanesque interpretation of a gym started a trend of Romanesque buildings on the Wesleyan campus. However, Berg's expertise in engineering was also essential in the wide spans of the gymnasium. The firm also designed additions to Memorial Chapel in 1898. In 1904, construction started on Wilbur Fisk Hall, another of their designs.

Bellevue Medical School

Cady also designed the Bellevue Medical School (1897), later known as the New York University Medical School.Gray, Christopher. "A stroll along bedpan alley." ''New York Times'', 6 June 2010, p. 5(L). ''Gale Academic OneFile'', Accessed 18 Apr. 2022. The

Beaux-Arts style Beaux-Arts architecture ( , ) was the academic architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, particularly from the 1830s to the end of the 19th century. It drew upon the principles of French neoclassicism, but also incorporat ...

building is located at the southwest corner of 26th Street in New York City. Its first floor has arched windows outlined with wedge-shaped bricks.

Berea College

Cady was the main architectural advisor for the Berea College Square. He was also the uncle of Berea College President William Frost.Adams, John D. “The Berea College Mission to the Mountains: Teacher Training, the Normal Department, and Rural Community Development.” ''The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society'' 110, no. 1 (2012): 45-47. via JSTOR accessed April 22, 2022. Cady, along with landscape architect

John Charles Olmsted John Charles Olmsted (1852–1920), was an American landscape architect. The nephew and adopted son of Frederick Law Olmsted, he worked with his father and his younger brother, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., in their father's firm. After their fath ...

, convinced Frost to select

Colonial Revival style The Colonial Revival architectural style seeks to revive elements of American colonial architecture. The beginnings of the Colonial Revival style are often attributed to the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, which reawakened Americans to the archit ...

for the campus' architectural theme, rather than the obvious choice of rustic style for

Appalachia Appalachia () is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York State to northern Alabama and Georgia. While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle in Newfoundland and Labrador, C ...

. In 1906, Cady wrote to Frost:

Such buildings would be proper for the forest reserves, farms, and farm laborers and even some men’s dormitories, but not on the main campus…If the College’s buildings seem merely to repeat the student’s old mountain environments, they will not be in line with the work their studies are doing for them. As they acquire education and a knowledge of the world, though they live in the mountains, they will hardly be content to live in the same cabins, and their regard and veneration for the College that helped them, will not likely be increased by the recollection of it as mainly a cluster of cabins… A College of log cabins would be a nightmare!

Cady designed Fairfield Hall (1873), also known as Ladies Hall, which was the first brick building on campus. Its eclectic design combines

Italianate The Italianate style was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture. Like Palladianism and Neoclassicism, the Italianate style drew its inspiration from the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian ...

and

Second Empire style Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts, which uses elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as i ...

s in a three-story structure. He also designed the brick and wood Berea College Hospital (1908, razed 1954) which was turned into a dormitory called Morningside Cottage in 1925. Cady designed the

Boone Tavern as a hotel for

Berea College Berea College is a private liberal arts work college in Berea, Kentucky. Founded in 1855, Berea College was the first college in the Southern United States to be coeducational and racially integrated. Berea College charges no tuition; every a ...

in 1909. The three-story hotel has Neoclassical

portico A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cul ...

s with columns that are two-stories tall. It was constructed by Berea students in three phases. Around 1912, Frost asked his uncle to design a new teacher education building. As a gift to the college, Cady donated much of his time working on the project. Knapp Hall was dedicated on December 16, 1913. The small building housed 200 students, but Cady had designed it to use every space efficiently with little waste. To give the classrooms the best light possible, he extended the windows to the ceiling and placed the building on a true north axis. He also developed adjacent playgrounds.

Churches

Cady with credited with designing 25 church buildings using a variety of styles. A Presbyterian, Cady avoided the traditional Anglican and Catholic

cruciform plan Cruciform is a term for physical manifestations resembling a common cross or Christian cross. The label can be extended to architectural shapes, biology, art, and design. Cruciform architectural plan Christian churches are commonly described ...

but instead used the English “dissenting chapel” arrangement. He designed two churches in Norwood, New Jersey in the

Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...

revival style: the Alpine Community Church (1867) and the Church of the Holy Communion (1886-88). He used Stick style or

Carpenter Gothic Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures ...

style for the Church in the Adirondacks in Racquette Lake, New York; the First Presbyterian Church of Oyster Bay (1873) in

Oyster Bay, New York The Town of Oyster Bay is the easternmost of the three towns which make up Nassau County, New York, United States. Part of the New York metropolitan area, it is the only town in Nassau County to extend from the North Shore to the South Shor ...

; and the Plantsville Congregational Church (1866) in

Southington, Connecticut Southington is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, it had a population of 43,501. Southington contains the villages of Marion, Milldale, and Plantsville. Geography Southington is situ ...

.Wessels, William.
The Story of the Twin Churches
" ''Trailmarker'', July–August 1962 St. William's Catholic Church (1890) in

Long Lake, New York Long Lake is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 791 at the 2020 census. The town is named for Long Lake, beside which it sits. A census designated place bearing the same name sits within Long Lake, home ...

was designed by Cady in the shingle style. This one-story building has a two-story round tower with a cone-shaped roof. On the interior, the entire ceiling is hand-stenciled. Cady used a traditional

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

church plan for the First Presbyterian Church (1889) in

Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Wilkes-Barre ( or ) is a city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Luzerne County. Located at the center of the Wyoming Valley in Northeastern Pennsylvania, it had a population of 44,328 in the 2020 census. It is the s ...

and the Hampton Memorial Church (1886) at the

Hampton Institute Hampton University is a private, historically black, research university in Hampton, Virginia. Founded in 1868 as Hampton Agricultural and Industrial School, it was established by Black and White leaders of the American Missionary Association aft ...

Hampton, Virginia Hampton () is an independent city (United States), independent city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, 2020 census, the population was 137,148. It is the List ...

. The latter features a square tower that is 150 feet tall and has a clock on all four sides. Inside, the wood trim is adorned with carved African American faces, and the yellow pine pews were built by students from the Hampton trade school. Cady's preferred style for churches was Romanesque, including the Church of the Redeemer in

Paterson, New Jersey Paterson ( ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.Fairfield, Connecticut Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. Located within the New York metropolitan ar ...

; First Presbyterian Church in

Albany, New York Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York, also the seat and largest city of Albany County. Albany is on the west bank of the Hudson River, about south of its confluence with the Mohawk River, and about north of New York Cit ...

; First Presbyterian Church (1901) in

Ithaca, New York Ithaca is a city in the Finger Lakes region of New York, United States. Situated on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, Ithaca is the seat of Tompkins County and the largest community in the Ithaca metropolitan statistical area. It is named ...

; Good Shepherd–Faith Presbyterian Church (1887–1893) in

; Presbyterian Church in

Greenwich, Connecticut Greenwich (, ) is a town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. At the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 63,518. The largest town on Connecticut's Gold Coast, Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and othe ...

; South Street Presbyterian Church of

Morristown, New Jersey Morristown () is a town and the county seat of Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.Madison, New Jersey Madison is a borough in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 16,937. Located along the Morris & Essex Lines, it is noted for Madison's historic railroad station becoming on ...

. Some of his many churches in New York City include the Broome Street Tabernacle (1884–85), First Presbyterian Church on Brownell Street, Forsyth Street Synagogue (1890) which is now the Seventh Day Adventist Church, Grace Methodist Episcopal Church (1895; demolished), Gustavus Adolphus Swedish Lutheran Church (1887), New York Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church (1889–92) which is now Union United Methodist Church, Olivet Memorial Church, the Pilgrim Chapel for the Church of the Pilgrims (1878), the Presbyterian Church of the Covenant at the Mission (1871), St. Andrew's Methodist Church (1889–90) which is now West Side Institutional Synagogue, and St. Paul's German Lutheran Church of Williamsburgh. One of his designs was replicated several times. In 1880, he designed the Church of the Good Shepherd at

Raquette Lake, New York Raquette Lake is a hamlet in the town of Long Lake in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The community is on New York State Route 28 on the western side of Raquette Lake Raquette Lake is the source of the Raquette River in the Adiron ...

. In 1881, those plans were modified at the request of

Harriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (; June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American author and abolitionist. She came from the religious Beecher family and became best known for her novel '' Uncle Tom's Cabin'' (1852), which depicts the har ...

for the

Church of Our Saviour Church of Our Saviour (or Savior), Church of the Savio(u)r, Church of Our Merciful Savio(u)r, or variations thereof, may refer to many Christian churches dedicated to Our Saviour (Our Lord), including: Americas United States (by state) * Churc ...

Mandarin, Florida Mandarin is a neighborhood located in the southernmost portion of Jacksonville, in Duval County, Florida, United States. It is located on the eastern banks of the St. Johns River, across from Orange Park. It's a short drive south of Jacksonville ...

. The plans were used again in 1883 for the Church of the Good Shepherd in

Beattystown, New Jersey Beattystown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Mansfield Township, in Warren County, New Jersey, United States.

Health and welfare

The New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (AICP) hired Cady, Berg & See to design the People's Bath at 9 Centre Market Place in the

Lower East Side The Lower East Side, sometimes abbreviated as LES, is a historic neighborhood in the southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City. It is located roughly between the Bowery and the East River from Canal to Houston streets. Traditionally an im ...

. This became "one of the most successful and well-publicized public baths in nineteenth-century America." As a result, the firm became the official architect for future designs of municipal baths in New York City. In 1895, they were asked to submit a design for a grander bath facility for Tompkins Square Park—it was to include eighty shows. This was to be the first of a series of five bathhouses. However, the community protested against having such a facility in their park, and it was never built. However, a reworked version of their design was eventually used by New York City for the Rivington Street Baths.Renner, Andrea. “ A Nation That Bathes Together: New York City’s Progressive Era Public Baths.” ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'' 67, no. 4 (2008): 504–31. via JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2008.67.4.504. The AICP criticized both New York City and the architects for what they called "a pretentious brick structure," finding it too grand, too large, and too expensive for the bathhouse scheme they had in mind. Cady designed the Hudson Street Hospital (1893), Presbyterian Hospital (1886), and the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital (1898). They also designed a House of Relief (1894) on Hudson Street near the Hudson Street Hospital, both of which were operated by the

New York Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center (previously known as New York Hospital or Old New York Hospital or City Hospital) is a research hospital in New York City. It is part of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and the teaching hospital for Cornell University. ...

.Gray, Christopher. "Streetscapes/Readers' Questions; The Old U.S. Army Building on Whitehall Street." ''New York Times'', 5 Mar. 1995. ''Gale Academic OneFile'', Accessed 18 Apr. 2022. This five-story House of Relief with its distinctive twin stairway was used for clinical and emergency services. Cady, Berg & See also designed the Christian Home for Intemperate Men (1881) on Madison Avenue, a Home for Old Men and Aged Couples (1897, demolished 1973) at Morningside Heights, and the Protestant Half Orphan Asylum (1893) on Manhattan Avenue.

Residential

In the February 1874 edition of ''The New–York Sketch–Book of Architecture'', Cady shared a design for a Country-Home, which is a highly ornate mansion. The client's name and the building location is unknown. Cady, Berg & See designed around fifteen residential projects in New York City including those at 57– 65 East 90th Street in

which are now in the

Carnegie Hill Historic District Carnegie Hill is a neighborhood within the Upper East Side, in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Its boundaries are 86th Street on the south, Fifth Avenue (Central Park) on the west, with a northern boundary at 98th Street that continu ...

and 16 and 8 –14 Pierrepont Street in the

Brooklyn Heights Historic District __NOTOC__ The Brooklyn Heights Historic District is a historic district that comprises much of the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. It was named a National Historic Landmark in January, 1965, designated a New York City L ...

. Designed by Cady, the Romanesque style Othniel C. Marsh House was built from 1875 to 1880 in

New Haven New Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut and is part of the New York City metropolitan area. With a population of 134,023 ...

. At the time, this "fortress-like mansion" was quite different from the Queen Anne style that was popular in New Haven. It is built of rough-cut red sandstone that is, perhaps, Cady's nod to Marsh's profession as the first professor of

paleontology Paleontology (), also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossi ...

in the United States, with a stick-style wooden tower. The interior, which was finished three years after the exterior, featured dark, heavy woodwork and carved and polished fireplaces. The first floor featured The Wigwam, an

octagon In geometry, an octagon (from the Greek ὀκτάγωνον ''oktágōnon'', "eight angles") is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon. A '' regular octagon'' has Schläfli symbol and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t, w ...

al room to showcase Marsh's collections. Marsh bequeathed the house to

in 1899. It is now called Marsh Hall and contains classrooms and offices for the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. In 1876, Cady designed Cliffside, a stone mansion in

Palisades, New York Palisades, formerly known as Sneden's Landing (pronounced SNEE-dens), is a hamlet in the Town of Orangetown in Rockland County, New York. It is located north of Rockleigh and Alpine, New Jersey; east of Tappan; south of Sparkill; and west of t ...

.National Register Information System". ''

''.

. July 9, 2010. This Dutch Colonial Revival style house is also known as the H. E. Lawrence Estate. The Charles H. Farnam Residence at 28 Hillhouse Avenue in

was built in 1884 for attorney Charles Henry Farnam. Its design is eclectic but has similarities to

Dutch Colonial Dutch Colonial is a style of domestic architecture, primarily characterized by gambrel roofs having curved eaves along the length of the house. Modern versions built in the early 20th century are more accurately referred to as "Dutch Colonial R ...

style. The red brick house has arched windows and an octagonal corner tower,

has owned the structure since 1920 and uses it for the Department of Economics.

Commercial

In 1872, Cady designed the Demarest Railroad Depot in

Bergen County, New Jersey Bergen County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In 1878, he designed an office in Dutch style for Harper Brother's Publishing House. American Architect and Building News said, "The whole room is the quaintest of quaint—a place to linger in." Cady designed four commercial buildings that were considered

skyscraper A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors. Modern sources currently define skyscrapers as being at least or in height, though there is no universally accepted definition. Skyscrapers are very tall high-ri ...

s in their day—the nine-story

Gallatin Bank Building 40 Wall Street, also known as the Trump Building, is a neo-Gothic skyscraper on Wall Street between Nassau and William streets in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. Erected in 1929–1930 as the headquarters of the Man ...

(1886, demolished) in New York City, the ten-story Lancashire Fire Insurance Company (1889) in New York City, the twelve-story Shoe and Leather Bank (1893) in New York City, and the Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company (1897, demolished) in

.Korom, J. . J. J. (2008). Nineteenth Century Skyscrapers. ''American Skyscraper, 1850-1940: A Celebration of Height'', 494–508. via EBSCO. Accessed April 18, 2022 The seven-story retail and residential towers of the Metropolitan Opera House were also considered skyscrapers. Cady was

Richard Morris Hunt Richard Morris Hunt (October 31, 1827 – July 31, 1895) was an American architect of the nineteenth century and an eminent figure in the history of American architecture. He helped shape New York City with his designs for the 1902 entrance fa� ...

's biggest rival for the Tribune Tower competition; although the latter eventually won and designed the building in New York. However, Cady published his design in the July 1874 edition of ''The New–York Sketch–Book of Architecture''.

Professional affiliations

In 1857, Cady was a founder of the

(AIA). However, Cady did not become an AIA member until he was working professionally in 1864. He was made an AIA Fellow in 1865. Cady gave a presentation on old Dutch farmhouses of colonial

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delawa ...

to the AIA New York City chapter. He also published a paper on opera houses in the AIA journal.

Honors

presented Cady with an honorary M.A. in 1880, followed by an honorary LL.D. in 1905. * Cady's architectural library of more than 400 volumes is housed in Watkinson Library at

. This is "one of the few intact architectural libraries of nineteenth-century America, allowing a rare glimpse into the working method of one of the era's major architectural firms.' * In 1993

hosted the exhibition "Forgotten Architect of the Gilded Age: Josiah Cleaveland Cady's Legacy" with a catalog by Kathleen A. Curran * Buildings designed by Cady which are listed on the

include: **

, Central Park West and 77th Street,

New York, New York New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

(Cady, Berg & See), 1899 ** Barron Library, 582 Rahway Avenue,

Woodbridge Township, New Jersey Woodbridge Township is a township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is both a regional hub for Central New Jersey and a major bedroom suburb of New York City in the New York metropolitan area located within the ...

(J. Cleaveland Cady), 1878 ** Boone Tavern, 100 Main Street,

Berea, Kentucky Berea is a home rule-class city in Madison County, Kentucky, in the United States. The town is best known for its art festivals, historic restaurants and buildings, and as the home to Berea College, a private liberal arts college. The population ...

(Cady and See), 1909 ** Church of the Holy Communion, Summit Avenue, Norwood, New Jersey (J. Cleveland Cady), 1886-88 ** Cliffside, Lawrence Ln. S of River Road,

(J. Cleaveland Cady), 1876 ** Demarest Railroad Depot, 38 Park Street,

Demarest, New Jersey Demarest is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 4,881, **First Presbyterian Church of Albany,

(J. Cleaveland Cady), 1901 ** First Presbyterian Church of Ithaca,

(J. Cleaveland Cady), 1901 ** First Presbyterian Church of Oyster Bay, East Main Street,

(J. Cleaveland Cady), 1873 **First Presbyterian Church,

(J. Cleaveland Cady), part of the River Street Historic District, 1889 ** First Romanian-American Congregation Synagogue, 89-93 Rivington Street,

(J. C. Cady & Company) ** Grace Episcopal Church, 15515 Jamaica Avenue,

Queens, New York Queens is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located on Long Island, it is the largest New York City borough by area. It is bordered by the borough of Brooklyn at the western tip of Long ...

(Cady, Berg & See) 1901-02 **Hampton University Memorial Church, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia (J. C. Cady), 1886 ** Othniel C. Marsh House, 360 Prospect Street,

New Haven, Connecticut New Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut and is part of the New York City metropolitan area. With a population of 134 ...

(J. Cleaveland Cady), 1878 **Presbyterian Church of the Covenant,

Manhattan, New York Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...

(J. Cleavland Cady), New York City Tudor City Historic District, 1871 **

, 340 Summit Street,

(Josiah Cleaveland Cady), 1878 ** St. William's Catholic Church, Long Point on Raquette Lake,

(J. C. Cady & Company), 1890 **One or more properties in Upper Closter-Alpine Historic District, roughly bounded by Forest Street, Old Dock Road, School House Lane, Church Street, and Closter Dock Road in

Alpine, New Jersey Alpine is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, approximately north of Midtown Manhattan. It is the easternmost community in New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States census, the borough's population was 1,849,

(J. Cleaveland Cady) **One or more properties in Plantsville Historic District, roughly bounded by Prospect Street, Summer Street, Quinnipiac River, Grove Street, South Main Street, West Main Street, and West Street in

(Josiah Cleaveland Cady)

Personal

In 1859, Cady married Julia Bulkley, daughter of the pioneering

dermatologist Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin.''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.'' Random House, Inc. 2001. Page 537. . It is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medica ...

Dr. Henry D. Bulkley of New York. They had one daughter, Alice Cleaveland Cady, before Julia died in 1869. In 1881, he married Emma Matilda Bulkley of

Orange, New Jersey The City of Orange is a township in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 U.S. census, the township's population was 30,134, reflecting a decline of 2,734 (−8.3%) from the 32,868 counted in 2000. Orange was original ...

. She was the second daughter of Dr. Bulkley. They had three children, including Julia Bulkley Cady, Cleaveland Cady, and Lyndon Bulkley Cady. Cady was a devoted

Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their n ...

who served as head of the Sunday school at the Presbyterian Church of the Covenant for 53 years. He was president of the National Federation of Churches and a member of the Religious Education Association. Cady also ran weekly prayer meetings at the Covenant Mission at the Presbyterian Church of the Covenant. He was vice–president of the New York City Mission for ten years, serving on the board for seventeen years. He was a trustee of

, governor of the Presbyterian Hospital, and president of the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital. He was a member of the Alpine Club, the

American Library Association The American Library Association (ALA) is a nonprofit organization based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. It is the oldest and largest library association in the world, with 49,727 members ...

, the

Century Association The Century Association is a private social, arts, and dining club in New York City, founded in 1847. Its clubhouse is located at 7 West 43rd Street near Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. It is primarily a club for men and women with distinction ...

, the Quill Club, and the St. Anthony Club of New York. In 1919, he died at 82 in his home at 214 Riverside Drive after two months of illness. He was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in the

Bronx, New York The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of the New ...

References

More information

Schuyler, Montgomery. "The Works of Cady, Berg & See." The Architectural Record VI (July 1896-June 1897): pp. 516–553 {{DEFAULTSORT:Cady, Josiah Cleaveland 1837 births 1919 deaths People from Providence, Rhode Island American Presbyterians Bacon Academy alumni Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni St. Anthony Hall 19th-century American architects 20th-century American architects Architects from New York City Architects of Roman Catholic churches Architects of Presbyterian churches Romanesque Revival architects