, also called Shōkyū, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) after '' Kempō'' and before '' Jōō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1219 through April 1222.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jōkyū''" i
''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 431
n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File
The reigning emperor was Juntoku''-tennō'' (順徳天皇).

Change of era

* 1219 : The new era name was created because the previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kempo'' 3, on the 6th day of the 12th month of 1219.

Events of the ''Jōkyū'' era

* February 12, 1219 (''Jōkyū 1, 26th day of the 1st month''): Shōgun Sanetomo was assassinated on the steps of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in Kamakura. The 40 years during which

Minamoto no Yoritomo was the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1192 until 1199.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Minamoto no Yoriie" in . He was the husband of Hōjō Masako who acted as regent (''shikken'') after his ...

Minamoto no Yoriie was the second ''shōgun'' (1202–1203) of Japan's Kamakura shogunate, and the first son of first shōgun Yoritomo. His Dharma name was Hokke-in-dono Kingo Da'i Zengo (法華院殿金吾大禅閤). Life Minamoto no Yoriie was born to Hōjō M ...

and Minamoto no Sanetomo were successive heads of the

Kamakura shogunate The was the feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Kamakura-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 459. The Kamakura shogunate was established by Minamoto no ...

was sometimes called "the period of the three shōguns." A new shōgun was not to be named for several years during which the Kamakura bureaucracy nevertheless continued to function without interruption. * 1220 (''Jōkyū 2, 2nd month''): The emperor visited the Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines. * May 13, 1221 (''Jōkyū 3, 20th day of the 4th month''): In the 11th year of Juntoku''-tennō''s reign (順徳天皇11年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by eldest son who was only 4 years old. Shortly thereafter,

Emperor Chūkyō (October 30, 1218 – June 18, 1234) was the 85th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned only months in 1221, and he was not officially listed amongst the emperors until 1870 because of doubts caused ...

is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui''). The reign of Emperor Chūkyō spans a small number of months. * July 29, 1221 (''Jōkyū 3, 9th day of the 7th month''): In the 1st year of what is now considered to have been Chūkyō''-tennō''s reign (仲恭天皇1年), he abruptly abdicated without designating an heir; and contemporary scholars then construed that the succession (''senso'') was received by a grandson of former

Emperor Go-Toba was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1183 through 1198. This 12th-century sovereign was named after Emperor Toba, and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later"; a ...

. * 1221 (''Jōkyū 3''): The

Jōkyū War , also known as the Jōkyū Disturbance or the Jōkyū Rebellion, was fought in Japan between the forces of Retired Emperor Go-Toba and those of the Hōjō clan, regents of the Kamakura shogunate, whom the retired emperor was trying to overthrow ...

(''

Jōkyū no ran , also called Shōkyū, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) after ''Kempo (era), Kempō'' and before ''Jōō (Kamakura period), Jōō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1219 through April 1222.Nussbaum, Louis-Fr� ...

'') was an armed attempt by

and his supporters, trying unsuccessfully to take power from the Kamakura bakufu. * January 14, 1222 (''Jōkyū 3, 1st day of the 12th month''): Emperor Go-Horikawa acceded to the throne (''sokui'').Titsingh, p. 95; Brown, p. 344; Varley, p. 44.

Notes

References

* Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida. (1979). ''The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'Gukanshō', an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219.'' Berkeley:

University of California Press The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing. It was founded in 1893 to publish scholarly and scientific works by facult ...

.
OCLC 5145872
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005)
''Japan encyclopedia.''
Cambridge:

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retir ...

.
OCLC 58053128
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). '' Nihon Odai Ichiran''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
* Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York:

Columbia University Press Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University. It is currently directed by Jennifer Crewe (2014–present) and publishes titles in the humanities and sciences, including the fiel ...

.
OCLC 6042764

External links

* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

New York Public Library Digital Gallery, early photograph of Shrine steps where Sanetomo was killed
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jokyu Japanese eras 1210s in Japan 1220s in Japan