Izalco
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Izalco (in
Nawat Nawat (academically Pipil, also known as Nicarao) is a Nahuan language native to Central America. It is the southernmost extant member of the Uto-Aztecan family. It was spoken in several parts of present-day Central America before the Spanish co ...
: ''Itzalku'') is a
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the
Sonsonate department Sonsonate () is a department of El Salvador in the western part of the country. The capital is Sonsonate. The department has a population of over 463,000 and an area of 1,226 km². Created on June 12, 1824. The El Salvador National Parliam ...
of
El Salvador El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...
. Volcan Izalco is an icon of the country of El Salvador, a very young Volcano on the flank of Santa Ana volcano. From when it was born in 1770 until 1966, it was in almost continuous eruption and was known as the "lighthouse of the Pacific." Since then it has been nearly inactive.


Toponymy

According to the historian Jorge Lardé y Larin, Izalco comes from the roots ''itz'' (obsidian); ''cali'' (house), and ''co'' (place), which translates to "city of obsidian houses". It is said that the primitive name was ''tecupan ishatcu'', which means "seat of the lords in a place of crystal waters"; or the land was also known as ''muchishatcu'' which means "kingdom of the Izalcos". Another version states that Izalco has other meanings, such as "in the obsidian sands", "in the black sands", and "place of vigilance or penitence"; these all originate from ''itz'' (obsidian), ''shal'' (sand) ''co'' (place), and ''cali'' (house).


History


Prehispanic Era

According to the traditional story from Juan de Torquemada, the last survivor of Tula, Topilzín Acxitl Quetzalcóhuatl II moved to Central America due to the collapse of the Toltec culture in the Anáhuac valley. There, he founded
Escuintla Escuintla () is an industrial city in Guatemala, its land extension is 4384 km², and it is nationally known for its sugar agribusiness. Its capital is a minicipality with the same name. Citizens celebrate from December 6 to 9 with a small fair i ...
, and afterwards Tepcan-Izalco – or ''tecupan ishatcu'' – and later, Cuscatlán. However - even though the exact chronology is unknown - scientific investigations established the arrival of the
Pipil people The Nahua people, also academically referred to as ''Pipil'', are an indigenous group of Mesoamerican people inhabiting the western and central areas of present-day El Salvador. Although very few speakers are now left, they speak the Nawat langua ...
in Salvadoran territory in various migrations between the years 900 AD and 1500 AD. More precisely, the izalcans were one of the four branches of the nahuats who settled in the region, along with the cuzcatlecos, nonualcos, and mazahuas. They were also part of a group of city-states that the Spanish called Tecpán-Izalco, which comprised 15 settlements. The most notable among them were Izalco, Caluco,
Nahulingo Nahulingo is a municipality in the Sonsonate department of El Salvador El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the n ...
, and Tacus-calco. The area was an important producer of cacao (cocoa beans), which was paid as tribute to the presiding authority of the city-states, and also served as money for the acquisition of goods and services such as obsidian and high-quality Guatemalan jade. The central city was named ''Tecuzalco'' or ''Tecuzcalco,'' which means "head or capital of the Izalcos"''.'' It was notable due to its dense population in the area.


Peasant uprising in 1932

Izalco was a center of the
1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising ''La Matanza'' (Spanish for "The Massacre") refers to a communist-indigenous rebellion in El Salvador that took place between 22 and 25 January 1932. It was succeeded by large-scale government killings in western El Salvador, which resulted ...
. Its native
Pipil Pipil may refer to: *Nahua people of western El Salvador *Pipil language Nawat (academically Pipil, also known as Nicarao) is a Nahuan language native to Central America. It is the southernmost extant member of the Uto-Aztecan family. It was spo ...
peasants were led by
Feliciano Ama José Feliciano de Jesús Ama Trampa (1881 – 28 January 1932) was an indigenous peasant leader, a Pipil from Izalco in El Salvador, who participated and died during La Matanza. Ama had his lands taken by the wealthy coffee planting family, ...
, who was hanged by government troops on January 28. More than one fourth of the population of Izalco was killed.


Main sights


Church Dolores de Izalco

It is located in the city of Izalco, in the municipality and district of the same name, in the feet of the volcano of the same name, at 6.5 Kilometers to the northeast of the city of Sonsonate. It has an elevation of 440 meters over sea level. It was built in year previous to 1570, because in this year the parish was very organized, according to the civil documents of Caluco. It is unknown who built it but its benefactor was Don Diego de Guzmán. The church is surrounded by an atrium, the facade is of three bodies, but only two bodies of the church remain, the inferior and the middle one. The inferior body has many accesses; one main and two laterals: The three accesses have the shape of an arch of half point. They have four couples of Tuscan columns and entablatures with classic decorations that divide the two bodies at the same time. In the middle body, there is an ocular and other four couples of columns. The molds or entablatures that divide the two bodies have fitomorphic decorations. The superior body or españada of recent construction is decorated with pilasters and gothic decorations in relief. In the superior part, there is a clock installed and is crowned by a small dome and a cross. To each side of the españada, there are steeples that have the same decoration style, crowned also by a dome and a cross. The lateral and later facades are reinforced with support columns. The walls are decorated with entablatures with classic decorations that divide the two bodies at the same time. In the middle body, there is an ocular and other four couples of columns. The molds or entablatures that divide the two bodies have fitomorphic decorations. The superior body or españada of recent construction is decorated with pilasters and gothic decorations in relief. In the superior part, there is a clock installed and is crowned by a small dome and a cross. To each side of the españada, there are steeples that have the same decoration style, crowned also by a dome and a cross. The lateral and later facades are reinforced with support columns. The walls are decorated with entablatures and the lateral accesses are framed with ionic columns. Another lateral access even preserves the decoration that is believed was the original one, with Baroque ornaments that look like a flower and leaves. You can observe that same decoration in a superior corner of the later facade. The interior of the church possesses some original parts as the presbytery and the bases of the columns. The rest has been remodeled. The roof is made of tile and wood.


Church Of Asunción Of Izalco

The church is of Baroque style. The facade is of altarpiece type and it consists of two bodies. The inferior is decorated with two pairs of Tuscan columns on each side of the main access, which was built in an arch of half point and whose lateral sides look like Tuscan columns. It has two ornamental ovals in relief, amid the couples of columns. The superior body is decorated with four pinnacles. It is framed with scrolls and crowned with a cross. A square oracle is located in the center, which provides illumination to the temple. In the lateral sides of the church there is an access on each side and several support columns. The lateral walls are decorated with entablatures of classic style; the roof is of two wooden waters and iron sheets. According to Monsignor Cortez y Laraz, the parish of Asunción was located in the Barrio de los indios, and by the year 1770, it did not have a parish priest. It was also destroyed by
Santa Marta earthquake The 1773 Guatemala earthquake struck Guatemala on July 29 at 15:45 local time. It had an estimated epicentral magnitude of 7.5 Mi. It was part of a sequence that started in May that year. There were two strong foreshocks on June 11 and the mainsho ...
in 1773. In 1580, the bell given by the Emperor Carlos I of Spain and V of Germany was consecrated.


People

*
Maria Teresa Tula Maria may refer to: People * Mary, mother of Jesus * Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages Place names Extraterrestrial *170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877 *Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, da ...
, political activist, was born here in 1951.Maria Reresa Tula
Dictionary of Women Worldwide, 2007, retrieved 7 April 2015


Sports

The local professional football club is named C.D. Mario Calvo and it currently plays in the Salvadoran Third Division.


References

{{Authority control Municipalities of the Sonsonate Department