Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (russian: Ива́н Ива́нович Ши́шкин; 25 January 1832 – 20 March 1898) was a Russian landscape painter closely associated with the

Peredvizhniki Peredvizhniki ( rus, Передви́жники, , pʲɪrʲɪˈdvʲiʐnʲɪkʲɪ), often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest of academic restr ...

movement.

Biography

Shishkin was born to a Russian merchant family in

Yelabuga Yelabuga (alternative spelling that reflects the Cyrillic spelling: Elabuga; russian: Елабуга; tt-Cyrl, Алабуга, ''Alabuğa'') is a town in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River and east ...

of Vyatka Governorate (today Republic of

Tatarstan The Republic of Tatarstan (russian: Республика Татарстан, Respublika Tatarstan, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tətɐrˈstan; tt-Cyrl, Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan (russian: Татарстан, tt ...

) and graduated from the Kazan gymnasium. Then he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture for four years. After that, he attended the

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

Imperial Academy of Arts The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name ''Academy of the T ...

from 1856 to 1860 and graduated with the highest honours and a gold medal. He received the imperial scholarship for his further studies in Europe. Five years later Shishkin became a member of the Imperial Academy in St. Petersburg and was professor of painting from 1873 to 1898. At the same time, Shishkin headed the landscape painting class at the Highest Art School in St. Petersburg. For some time, Shishkin lived and worked in Switzerland and Germany on scholarship from the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts. On his return to Saint Petersburg, he became a member of the Circle of the Itinerants and of the Society of Russian Etchers. He also took part in exhibitions at the Academy of Arts, the All-Russian Exhibition in Moscow (1882), the

Nizhniy Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...

(1896), and the

World Fair A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition or an expo, is a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specif ...

s (Paris, 1867 and 1878, and

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, 1873). Shishkin's painting method was based on analytical studies of

nature Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are ...

. He became famous for his forest landscapes and was also an outstanding

draftsman A drafter (also draughtsman / draughtswoman in British and Commonwealth English, draftsman / draftswoman or drafting technician in American and Canadian English) is an engineering technician who makes detailed technical drawings or plans for ...

and a printmaker. Ivan Shishkin owned a

dacha A dacha ( rus, дача, p=ˈdatɕə, a=ru-dacha.ogg) is a seasonal or year-round second home, often located in the exurbs of post-Soviet countries, including Russia. A cottage (, ') or shack serving as a family's main or only home, or an outbu ...

in Vyra, south from St. Petersburg. There he painted some of his finest landscapes. His works are notable for poetic depiction of seasons in the woods, wild nature, animals and birds. In 1891, he was appointed professor-director of the landscape class in the Academy's Advanced Art School. In 1898, he completed his painting ''The Pine Grove'' and died on 20 March in St. Petersburg, while working on his new painting. A

minor planet According to the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is exclusively classified as neither a planet nor a comet. Before 2006, the IAU officially used the term ''mino ...

3558 Shishkin, discovered by Soviet astronomer

Lyudmila Zhuravlyova Lyudmila Vasilyevna Zhuravleva (russian: Людмила Васильевна Журавлёва, uk, Людмила Василівна Журавльова, Ljudmyla Vasylivna Žuravljova; born 22 May 1946) is a Soviet, Russian and Ukrainian ast ...

in 1978, is named after him.

Gallery

File:Utro v sosnovom lesu.jpg, ''

Morning in a Pine Forest The ''Morning in a Pine Forest'' (russian: Утро в сосновом лесу) is a painting by Russian artists Ivan Shishkin and Konstantin Savitsky. The bears were painted by Savitsky, but the art collector Pavel Tretyakov effaced his signatu ...

'', 1889 File:Ivan Shishkin - Рожь - Google Art Project.jpg, '' Rye'', 1878 File:Iwan Iwanowitsch Schischkin 002.jpg, ''Oak Grove'', 1887 File:1880er Ivan Shishkin Wald anagoria.JPG, ''Forest'', 1895 File:Ivan Shishkin - Winter.JPG, ''Winter'', 1890 File:Шишкин И. И. (1891) На севере диком.jpg, ''In the Wild North'', 1891 File:Shishkin DozVDubLesu 114.jpg, ''Rain in an Oak Forest'', 1891 File:Берёзовый лес.jpg, ''Birch Forest'', 1871 File:ShishkinII SosnaNaPeskeRYB.jpg, ''Pine on Sand'', 1884 File:1889 Shishkin Felsige Landschaft anagoria.JPG, ''The Rocky Landscape'', 1889 File:Ivan Shishkin - View on the Outskirts of St. Petersburg.JPG, ''View on the Outskirts of St. Petersburg'', 1856 File:Иван Шишкин После шторма в Мери-Хови 1891.jpg, ''After the Storm in Meri Hovi'', 1891 File:Iwan Iwanowitsch Schischkin 003.jpg, ''Forest Distance'', 1884

References

Literary sources

External links

Ivan Shishkin at Tanais Gallery
Description of the picture.

Description of the picture.

Description of the picture.
Ivan Shishkin Memorial House Museum, Russia
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shishkin, Ivan 1832 births 1898 deaths People from Yelabuga 19th-century painters from the Russian Empire Russian male painters Painters from Saint Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts alumni Russian landscape painters Peredvizhniki Members of the Imperial Academy of Arts Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery 19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture alumni