Ironwood is a common name for many

wood Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin ...

s or plants that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is heavier than water (approximately 1000 kg/m³, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.

Some of the species with their common name

* ''

Acacia aulacocarpa ''Acacia aulacocarpa'', also known as New Guinea wattle or golden flowered salwood, is an Australian shrub or tree in the family Fabaceae. It is found in northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya and parts of Indonesia. Description ''Ac ...

'' (Brush ironwood) * '' Acacia estrophiolata'' (Southern ironwood), central Australia * ''

Acacia excelsa ''Acacia excelsa'', also known as ironwood, rosewood, bunkerman and doodlallie is a tree of the genus ''Acacia'' and the subgenus ''Plurinerves'' that is endemic to inland parts of north-eastern Australia. In the Gamilaraay language it is known as ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Acacia melanoxylon'' (Ironwood) * ''

Acacia stenophylla ''Acacia stenophylla'' is a species of Acacia commonly referred to as the shoestring acacia. It is an evergreen tree in the family Fabaceae native to Australia. It is not considered rare or endangered. Description ''Acacia stenophylla'' varie ...

'' (Ironwood), Australia * '' Aegiphila martinicensis'' (Ironwood) * '' Afzelia africana'' (Ironwood) * ''

Androstachys johnsonii ''Androstachys johnsonii'', the Lebombo ironwood, is a medium-sized Afrotropical tree species, and the sole member of the genus ''Androstachys'' in the Picrodendraceae. It is slow-growing, evergreen to deciduous, and dioecious, with flowers that ...

'' (Lebombo ironwood), southeastern Africa and

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

* ''

Allagoptera caudescens ''Allagoptera caudescens'' is a species of flowering plant in the palm family endemic to Brazil, where it is known as buri palm.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) ''Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold ...

'', ''

Borassus flabellifer ''Borassus flabellifer'', commonly known as doub palm, palmyra palm, tala or tal palm, toddy palm, wine palm or ice apple, is native to South Asia (especially in Bangladesh & South India) and Southeast Asia. It is reportedly naturalized in Socot ...

'', '' Caryota urens'', ''

Iriartea deltoidea ''Iriartea'' is a genus in the palm family Arecaceae, native to Central and South America. The best-known species – and probably the only one – is ''Iriartea deltoidea'', which is found from Nicaragua, south into Bolivia and a great p ...

'' Black Palm, Palmira wood (Black ironwood) * '' Argania spinosa'' (Morocco ironwood, Thorny, Prickly ironwood) * ''

Astronium fraxinifolium ''Astronium fraxinifolium'' is a timber tree, which is native to Amazon Rainforest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. Common names include kingwood, locustwood, tigerwood, and zebrawood. It is known in Portuguese as Gon ...

'', ''

Astronium urundeuva ''Astronium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It is native to Central and South America. ''Astronium'' is a genus of dioecious trees. Leaves are deciduous, alternate, and odd-pinnate. Species , Plants of the ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Backhousia bancroftii ''Backhousia'' is a genus of thirteen currently known species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. All the currently known species are endemic to Australia in the rainforests and seasonally dry forests of Queensland, New South Wales a ...

'' (Bancroft's ironwood) * ''

Backhousia citriodora ''Backhousia citriodora'' (common names lemon myrtle, lemon scented myrtle, lemon scented ironwood) is a flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae, genus ''Backhousia''. It is endemic to subtropical rainforests of central and south-eastern Queensl ...

'' (Lemon ironwood), northeastern Australia * ''

Backhousia myrtifolia ''Backhousia myrtifolia'' (commonly referred to as ''carrol, neverbreak, iron wood, grey myrtle'' or ''cinnamon myrtle'') is a small rainforest tree species which grows in subtropical rainforests of Eastern Australia. First discovered and subs ...

'' (Carrol ironwood, Ironwood) * (''

Backhousia subargentea ''Backhousia subargentea'' (syn. ''Choricarpia subargentea'') is a rare Australian rainforest tree, growing near Mullumbimby in north eastern New South Wales and from Boonah to Imbil in south eastern Queensland. Common names include giant iron ...

'' Syn.: ''Choricarpia subargentea'') (Giant ironwood), eastern Australia * ''

Bridelia micrantha ''Bridelia micrantha'', the mitzeeri or the coastal golden-leaf, is a tree in the family Phyllanthaceae and is native to tropical and southern Africa as well as to the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Description A medium to tall tree ( ...

'' (Benin or Yoruba ironwood), ''

Bridelia atroviridis ''Bridelia'' is a plant genus of the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1806.Carpinus caroliniana ''Carpinus caroliniana'', the American hornbeam, is a small hardwood tree in the genus ''Carpinus''. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech, ironwood, musclewood and muscle beech. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota and ...

'' American hornbeam (Ironwood, Blue-beech ironwood, Smooth-barked ironwood), eastern North America *

Casuarinaceae The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacifi ...

, She-oaks in general, Southeast Asia (Australian ironwood) ** ''

Allocasuarina ''Allocasuarina'' is a genus of trees in the flowering plant family Casuarinaceae. They are endemic to Australia, occurring primarily in the south. Like the closely related genus '' Casuarina'', they are commonly called sheoaks or she-oaks. ...

'' spp.; ''

Allocasuarina luehmannii ''Allocasuarina luehmannii'' (buloke or bull-oak) is a species of ironwood tree native to Australia and its wood is the hardest commercially available as measured by the Janka Hardness Scale. Description The evergreen tree typically grows ...

'', ''

Allocasuarina torulosa ''Allocasuarina torulosa'', the rose she-oak or forest oak, is a tree which grows in sub-rainforest (just outside the main forest area) of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. There, it is typically found on coastal footslopes, hills, and ...

'', ''

Allocasuarina inophloia ''Allocasuarina inophloia'', also known as woolly oak, or stringybark she-oak, is a shrub or small tree of the she-oak family Casuarinaceae endemic to inland New South Wales and Queensland. The hairy bark is an unusual feature. Taxonomy First co ...

'' (Ironwood), ''

Allocasuarina verticillata ''Allocasuarina verticillata'', commonly known as drooping she-oak or drooping sheoak, is a nitrogen fixing native tree of southeastern Australia. Originally collected in Tasmania and described as ''Casuarina verticillata'' by French naturalist ...

'' (Long-leaved, Longleaf ironwood, Highland or Mountain ironwood) ** '' Casuarina cunninghamiana'' (Small-cone ironwood, Australian coast ironwood, River-oak ironwood) ** '' Casuarina equisetifolia'' Toa (Beach, Coast ironwood, Pacific, Sea, South Sea or Polynesian ironwood or Short-leaf and False ironwood, Lowland Ironwood), native from

Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...

south to Australia ** ''

Casuarina cristata ''Casuarina cristata'' is an Australian tree of the sheoak family Casuarinaceae known as belah. It is native to a band across inland eastern Australia. Taxonomy The Dutch botanist Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel described the belah in 1848, and ...

'' (Ironwood) ** '' Casuarina glauca'' (Long-leaf Ironwood, Saltmarsh Ironwood, Blue ironwood) ** '' Casuarina stricta'' (Highland ironwood, Fodder ironwood) ** '' Casuarina junghuhniana'' (Mountain Ironwood) * ('' Cenostigma pluviosum'' Syn.: ''Caesalpinia pluviosa'') (Bolivian ironwood) * '' Cercocarpus'' spp. (Ironwood), ''

Cercocarpus betuloides ''Cercocarpus betuloides'' is a shrub or small tree in the rose family.Flowering Plants of the Santa Monica Mountains, Nancy Dale,2nd Ed, 2000, p. 170 Its common names include mountain mahogany and birch leaf mountain mahogany The common name "m ...

'' (Mountain ironwood) * '' Chionanthus battiscombei '' (Water pock ironwood, Small-fruited ironwood, Water Ornate-leaf(ved) ironwood) * '' Chionanthus caymanensis'' (Ironwood, Cayman ironwood) * '' Chioanthus compactus'' (White ironwood) * ''

Chionanthus panamensis ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into te ...

'', ''

Chionanthus ligustrinus ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into te ...

'' (Pine ridge ironwood) * '' Chionanthus peglerae'' (Bastard black ironwood or Giant pock ironwood and Pegler's bastard ironwood, Large-leaved ironwood) * ('' Citharexylum flexuosum'' Syn.: '' Citharexylum spinosum'') (White ironwood) * '' Cliftonia monophylla'' (Ironwood) * '' Coccoloba pubescens'' (Broad-leaved ironwood) * '' Colophospermum mopane'' (Black ironwood, Rhodesian ironwood) * '' Colubrina elliptica'' (Ironwood, Martinique ironwood), ''

Colubrina arborescens ''Colubrina'' is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa, the Americas, southern Asia, northern Australia, and the Indian Ocean islands. Common names include ...

'' (West Indian ironwood) * '' Combretum imberbe'' (Ironwood) * ''

Cordia subcordata ''Cordia subcordata'' is a species of flowering tree in the borage family, Boraginaceae, that occurs in eastern Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, northern Australia and the Pacific Islands (including Hawaii). The plant is known by a variety o ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Cossinia pinnata ''Cossinia'' is a genus of four species of rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. The genus has a disjunct distribution, occurring in Mascarene Islands, Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji. They grow naturally in rai ...

'' (Judas ironwood) * '' Cryptocarya lauriflora'' (Borneo ironwood), '' Cryptocarya ferrea'' (Java ironwood) * '' Cynometra alexandri'' (Uganda ironwood), central and east Africa * ''

Cyrilla racemiflora ''Cyrilla racemiflora'', the sole species in the genus ''Cyrilla'', is a flowering plant in the family Cyrillaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas, from the southeastern United States (coastal areas from southeastern ...

'' (Ironwood, Swamp ironwood) * ''

Dalbergia melanoxylon ''Dalbergia melanoxylon'' (African blackwood, grenadilla, or mpingo) is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to seasonally dry regions of Africa from Senegal east to Eritrea and south to the north-eastern parts of South Africa. Th ...

'' (African ironwood) * ''

Dialium guianense ''Dialium guianense'' is a species of tree in the flowering plant family Fabaceae. The species occurs through both Central America and South America, and was an important source of food and wood for the ancient Mayans. Common names In Engli ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Diploglottis australis ''Diploglottis australis'', known as the native tamarind, is a well known rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It is easily identified by the large sausage shaped leaflets. The native tamarind grows in a variety of different rainforests, on ba ...

'' Syn.: ''Diploglottis cunninghamii'') (Australian, New Holland ironwood) * '' Distylium racemosum'' (Japanese ironwood) * '' Drypetes gerrardii'' (Bastard white ironwood, Forest ironwood) * ''

Erythrophleum chlorostachys ''Erythrophleum chlorostachys'', commonly known as Cooktown ironwood, is a species of leguminous tree endemic to northern Australia. Description The Cooktown ironwood is semi-deciduous, dropping much of its foliage in response to the prolonged ...

'' Steelwood (Cooktown ironwood, Red or Northern ironwood, Leguminous ironwood, Poisonous ironwood), native to northern Australia * '' Erythroxylum areolatum'' (Cartagena ironwood, Jamaica ironwood) * ''

Eucalyptus ''Eucalyptus'' () is a genus of over seven hundred species of flowering trees, shrubs or mallees in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae, including '' Corymbia'', they are commonly known as e ...

'' spp. (Australian ironwood) * '' Eugenia confusa'' (Red berry ironwood, Tropical ironwood) * ''

Eusideroxylon zwageri ''Eusideroxylon zwageri'' is a rare timber tree native to the Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines region. It is known colloquially in English as Bornean ironwood, billian, or ulin. Distribution It is native to Brunei; Flores, Java, Kali ...

'' (Borneo ironwood, Chinese ironwood, Real or True ironwood), southeast Asia * '' Exostema caribaeum'' (Bastard ironwood) * '' Exothea paniculata'' (Ironwood) * '' Fagraea fragrans'' (Sumatra or Java ironwood) * '' Fagara lentiscifolia'' (Bastard ironwood) * ''

Forestiera pubescens ''Forestiera pubescens'', commonly known as stretchberry, desert olive, tanglewood, devil's elbow, spring goldenglow, spring herald, New Mexico privet, or Texas forsythia is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to the southwestern United States ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''Forestiera pubescens'' var. ''parvifolia'' (New Mexican ironwood) * ''

Genipa americana ''Genipa americana'' () is a species of trees in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to the tropical forests of North and South America, as well as the Caribbean. Description ''Genipa americana'' trees are up to 30 m tall and up to 60 cm d ...

'' (Brazilian ironwood) * '' Gordonia haematoxylon'' (Ironwood) * ''

Gossia bidwillii ''Gossia bidwillii'', known as the python tree is a rainforest myrtle of eastern Australia.The usual habitat is the drier rainforest areas. The range of natural distribution is from the Hunter River (32° S) in New South Wales to Coen (13� ...

'' (Smooth-barked ironwood, Scrub ironwood), '' Gossia acmenoides '' (Scrub ironwood), '' Gossia dulcis'' (Ironwood), ''

Gossia floribunda ''Gossia floribunda'' or Cape ironwood species of plant in the Myrtaceae family. It is a understorey plant growing to a height of . Found in Cape York Peninsula Australia and also in New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, ...

'' (Cape ironwood), '' Gossia myrsinocarpa'' (Malanada ironwood) * '' Gymnanthes lucida'' (Narrow-leaf ironwood) * ('' Gymnostoma nodiflorum'' Syn.: ''Casuarina nodiflora '') (Knot-flowered ironwood) * ('' Gymnostoma papuanum'' Syn.: ''Casuarina papuana'') (Papuan ironwood) * ('' Gymnostoma sumatranum'' Syn.: Casuarina sumatrana) (Ironwood) * ''

Handroanthus ''Handroanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. It consists of 30 species of trees, known in Latin America by ...

'' spp. formerly ''Tabebuia'' spp.; '' Handroanthus heptaphyllus'', '' Handroanthus serratifolius'' etc., Ipê, Brazilian walnut, Lapacho, Yellow poui (Ironwood) * '' Heritiera trifoliolata'' Black stavewood, '' Heritiera actinophylla'' Stavewood (Ironwood) * ''

Holodiscus discolor ''Holodiscus discolor'', commonly known as ocean spray or oceanspray, creambush, or ironwood, is a shrub of western North America. Description ''Holodiscus discolor'' is a fast-growing deciduous shrub usually from to in height, and up to ta ...

'' Oceanspray (Ironwood), western North America * '' Homalium dentatum'', '' Homalium letestui'' (Brown ironwood), '' Homalium rufescens'' (Small-leaved brown ironwood), '' Homalium abdessammadii'' (Zambezi brown ironwood) * ''

Hopea odorata ''Hopea odorata'', or ta-khian ( th, ตะเคียน), is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is a large tree reaching up to 45 m ...

'', ''

Hopea parviflora ''Hopea parviflora'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to India. It is called 'kampakam' or 'thampakam' in Malayalam Malayalam (; , ) is a Dravidian languages, Dravidian language spoken in the Indian st ...

'' (Malabar, Ceylon ironwood) * '' Hypelate trifoliata'' (White ironwood) * '' Ilex mitis'' (Lance-leaved ironwood, Smooth or Mild, Unarmed ironwood) * '' Inhambanella henriquesii'' (Rock, Water or Small ironwood) * '' Intsia bijuga'', ''

Intsia palembanica ''Intsia palembanica'' is a species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. The plant common names include Borneo teak, Malacca teak, merbau and Moluccan ironwood where it is native to tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia and the islands of ...

'' (Moluccan, Madagascar ironwood) * '' Ixora ferrea'' (Ironwood, West Indian ironwood, Martinique ironwood, Red ironwood, Three-flowered ironwood) * '' Jacquinia keyensis'' (Ironwood) * ''

Krugiodendron ferreum ''Krugiodendron ferreum'', commonly known as the black ironwood or leadwood, is a species of tree in the family Rhamnaceae. It is found in southern Florida, throughout the Caribbean and from southern Mexico to Honduras. Originally described by M ...

'' (Black ironwood, Caribbean or Guadeloupe ironwood), Caribbean * ('' Libidibia ferrea'' Syn.: 'Caesalpinia ferrea'') (Brazilian ironwood), Brazil * ''

Lignum vitae Lignum vitae () is a wood, also called guayacan or guaiacum, and in parts of Europe known as Pockholz or pokhout, from trees of the genus ''Guaiacum''. The trees are indigenous to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America (e.g: Col ...

''; ''

Guaiacum officinale ''Guaiacum officinale'', commonly known as roughbark lignum-vitae, guaiacwood or gaïacwood, is a species of tree in the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae, that is native to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America. Description This sm ...

'', '' Guaiacum sanctum'' and Argentine, Paraguay Lignum Vitae, Verawood '' Bulnesia arborea'' also als Maracaibo Lignum Vitae and ''

Bulnesia sarmientoi ''Bulnesia sarmientoi'' (recently reclassified as ''Gonopterodendron sarmientoi'') is a tree that inhabits a part of the Gran Chaco area in South America, around the Argentina-Bolivia-Paraguay border. Its wood is often traded as "Paraguay ''lig ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Lophira alata'' (West African ironwood, (Small) Red ironwood, Dwarf (red) ironwood, Dryzone (red) ironwood), western and central Africa * '' Lophira lanceolata'' ((Dwarf) Red ironwood) * '' Lyonothamnus floribundus'' (Catalina or Western ironwood, Island or Santa Cruz (Island) Ironwood, Lyon's Ironwood or Fern-leaved ironwood), in the

rose family Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are '' Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...

Channel Islands of California The Channel Islands () are an eight-island archipelago located within the Southern California Bight in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of California. The four Northern Channel Islands are part of the Transverse Ranges geologic province, ...

* ''

Manilkara hexandra ''Manilkara hexandra'' is a tree species in the tribe Sapoteae, in the family Sapotaceae. It is native to much of south Asia (China: Hainan and southern Guangxi provinces; the Indian subcontinent: Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka; Indo-China: C ...

'' (Ceylon ironwood) * '' Manilkara kauki'' (Moluccan ironwood) * ''

Mesua ferrea ''Mesua ferrea'', the Ceylon ironwood, or cobra saffron, is a species in the family Calophyllaceae. This slow-growing tree is named after the heaviness and hardness of its timber. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental due to its graceful sh ...

'' (Sri Lankan or Ceylon and Assam ironwood, East Indian Ironwood), southern and southeastern Asia * '' Metrosideros'' spp. all Species (Ironwood), ''

Metrosideros umbellata ''Metrosideros umbellata'', the southern rātā, is a tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows up to or more tall with a trunk up to or more in diameter. It produces masses of red flowers in summer. Unlike its relative, northern rātā, this spe ...

'' (New Zealand Ironwood), ''

Metrosideros kermadecensis ''Metrosideros kermadecensis'', with common names ''Kermadec pōhutukawa'' and New Zealand Christmas bush is an evergreen tree of the myrtle family which is endemic to the volcanic Kermadec Islands about 900 km north-east of New Zealand. ...

'' (Real or True ironwood) * '' Millettia grandis'' (Kafir ironwood) * ''

Minquartia guianensis ''Minquartia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Olacaceae family containing the single species ''Minquartia guianensis'' (also called black manwood or huambula). It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Frenc ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Mouriri myrtilloides'' (Small-leaved ironwood) * '' Myoporum obscurum'' (Bastard ironwood) * ''

Myracrodruon urundeuva ''Myracrodruon urundeuva'' (Portuguese common names: aroeira-do-sertão, aroeira preta, urundeúva, urindeúva, arindeúva) is a timber tree, which is often used for beekeeping. This plant is native to Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, and ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Nestegis apetala'' (Bastard ironwood),

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

and Norfolk Island * '' Notelaea ligustrina'' (Tasmanian ironwood, New-South-Wales ironwood) * '' Notelaea longifolia'' (Norfolk-Island ironwood) * ('' Noronhia foveolata'' Syn.: '' Chionanthus foveolatus'') (Pock ironwood, Bastard ironwood or Cape pock ironwood, Bastard, Forest pock ironwood, Ornate-leaf(ved), Fine-leaved ironwood) native to southern Africa * '' Ochna holstii'' (Red ironwood) * '' Oldfieldia africana'' (West African ironwood) * ''

Olea capensis ''Olea capensis'', the black ironwood, is an African tree species in the olive family Oleaceae. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa: from the east in Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan, south to the tip of South Africa, and west to Cameroon, Sierra ...

'' (''Bastard'' Black, Forest, Bushveld or False, Bastard ironwood, South African ironwood, Small and Olive ironwood, East African ironwood),

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

* '' Olea woodiana'' (Black ironwood), eastern and southern Africa * '' Olinia ventosa'' (Sproutful ironwood) * ''

Olneya tesota ''Olneya tesota'' is a perennial flowering tree of the family Fabaceae, legumes (peas, beans, etc.), which is commonly known as ironwood, desert ironwood, or palo fierro in Spanish. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Olneya''. This t ...

'' (desert ironwood, Arizona or Sonora ironwood, Mexican ironwood) * ''

Ostrya knowltonii ''Ostrya knowltonii'' is a species of tree known by the common names Knowlton's hophornbeam, western hophornbeam, woolly hophornbeam, and wolf hophornbeam. It is also one of many trees called ironwood. It is native to Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, ...

'' Knowlton's or Western hophornbeam (Canyon ironwood, Western Ironwood) * ''

Ostrya virginiana ''Ostrya virginiana'', the American hophornbeam, is a species of '' Ostrya'' native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to southern Manitoba and eastern Wyoming, southeast to northern Florida and southwest to eastern Texas. Population ...

'' Hophornbeam, (North-American, American ironwood, Canadian ironwood, Rough-barked ironwood, Eastern ironwood) * ''Palicourea cardiomorpha'' subsp. ''cardiomorpha'' (Panicled-flowered ironwood) * ''

Parrotia persica ''Parrotia persica'', the Persian ironwood, is a deciduous tree in the family Hamamelidaceae, closely related to the witch-hazel genus ''Hamamelis''. It is native to Iran's Caspian region (where it is called ) and Iranian Azerbaijan (where it ...

'' (Persian ironwood, Transcaucasian ironwood) * '' Parrotia subaequalis'' (Chinese ironwood) * '' Paubrasilia echinata'' (Ironwood) * '' Peltophorum rufum'' (Cochinchina ironwood) * ''

Pemphis acidula ''Pemphis acidula'', commonly known as bantigue (pron. ) or mentigi, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lythraceae. It is a mangrove found throughout most of the tropical Indo-Pacific growing on rocky shores. The genus ''Pemphis'', to ...

'' (Maldivian ironwood) * '' Picrodendron baccatum'' (Black ironwood) * ''

Planchonella costata ''Pouteria costata'' is a small coastal tree native to the northern North Island (New Zealand) and to Norfolk Island ( Australia). In New Zealand, its common name is tawapou ( Māori: "tawāpou"); on Norfolk Island it is called bastard ironwood ...

'' (Bastard ironwood) * '' Planchonella obovata'' (Silvery ironwood, Obovate ironwood) * ''

Prosopis juliflora ''Prosopis juliflora'' ( es, bayahonda blanca, Cuji Venezuela, Trupillo Colombia, Aippia Wayuunaiki and long-thorn kiawe in Hawaii) is a shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae, a kind of mesquite. It is native to Mexico, South America and th ...

'', ''

Prosopis glandulosa ''Prosopis glandulosa'', commonly known as honey mesquite, is a species of small to medium-sized, thorny shrub or tree in the legume family (Fabaceae). Distribution The plant is primarily native to the Southwestern United States and Northern M ...

'' (Texas ironwood), ''

Prosopis kuntzei ''Prosopis kuntzei'' (synonym ''Prosopis casadensis'') is a South American legume, leguminous tree species that inhabits the westernmost Gran Chaco forests covering areas of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, where it acts as natural component. It ...

'', '' Prosopis africana'' (Ironwood) Mesquite * ''

Prunus africana ''Prunus africana'', the African cherry, has a wide distribution in Africa, occurring in montane regions of central and southern Africa and on the islands of Bioko, São-Tomé, Grande Comore, and Madagascar. It can be found at above sea level. I ...

'' (Ironwood) * Quebracho '' Schinopsis'' spp.; '' Schinopsis brasiliensis'', '' Schinopsis balansae'', ''

Schinopsis lorentzii ''Schinopsis lorentzii'' is a hardwood tree known as red quebracho, native of the Paraguayan subtropical area, which forms forests in Gran Chaco region of Argentina, in Paraguay, and Bolivia. Some of its common names are ''coronillo'', ''quebrach ...

'' and '' Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco'' (Ironwood) * '' Rhodamnia acuminata'' (Cooloola ironwood) * ''Rhodomyrtus trineura'' var. ''canescens'' (Crater ironwood), '' Rhodomyrtus pervagata'' (Rusty ironwood) * ''

Rapanea melanophloeos ''Rapanea melanophloeos'', commonly known as Cape beech, Kaapse boekenhout or isiCalabi, is a dense evergreen tree that is native to the afromontane forests of Southern Africa. Outside forests they are also commonly encountered along stream banks ...

'' (Laurel-leaved ironwood) * '' Rauvolfia sandwicensis'' (Hawaiian ironwood) * '' Reynosia septentrionalis'' (Red ironwood) * '' Rothmannia capensis'' (Black ironwood, Cape of Good Hope ironwood) * ''

Schleichera oleosa ''Schleichera'' is a monotypic genus of plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. There is only one species, ''Schleichera oleosa'', a tree that occurs in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Species ''Schleichera oleosa'', kusum tr ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Senegalia intsia'' (Indian ironwood) * '' Senegalia muricata'' (Ironwood) * '' Senegalia tenuifolia'' (Antillean ironwood) * ''

Senna siamea ''Senna siamea'', also known as Siamese cassia, kassod tree, cassod tree and cassia tree, is a legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, although its exact origin is unknown. It is a medium-size, evergr ...

'' (Indonesian or Indian ironwood) * ''

Sideroxylon ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' spp. (Ironwood); ** ''

Sideroxylon inerme ''Sideroxylon inerme'' (aMasethole or white milkwood, af, wit-melkhout, xh, Ximafana, zu, Umakhwelafingqane) is a Southern African coastal tree, with dense foliage, black berries and small, foetid, greenish flowers. The tree's generic name mea ...

'' (Smooth or White ironwood, Broad-leaved, Unarmed ironwood, Cape or East African ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon lanuginosum'' or Gum bully (Ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon lycioides'' (American ironwood, Canada thorny ironwood, Willow-leaved, Boxthorn-leaved ironwood, Ten-threaded, Decandrous ironwood, Bumelia ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon tenax ''Sideroxylon tenax'', called the tough bully, is a plant species native to Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and the southernmost part of North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The s ...

'' (Silky(-leaved) ironwood, Silvery-leaved ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon celastrinum'' (Ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon cinereum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning " iron ...

'' (White ironwood, Bourbon or Mauritius ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon foetidissimum'' (Opposite-leaved ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon lanuginosum'' (Woolly-leaved ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon reclinatum'' (Reclined ironwood) * '' Sloanea dentata'' (Black ironwood, Broad-leaf ironwood) * '' Sloanea jamaicensis'', '' Sloanea sinemariensis'' (Ironwood) * '' Stadmania'' spp. (Ironwood, ''Bois de fer'', Mauritius ironwood), '' Stadmania oppositifolia'' (Bourbon ironwood) * ''

Swartzia ''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...

'' spp.; '' Swartzia tomentosa'' (Cayenne ironwood), '' Swartzia bannia'', '' Swartzia bidentata'', '' Swartzia leiocalycina'', '' Swartzia ingifolia'', '' Swartzia grandifolia'', '' Swartzia panacoco'' (Guiana ironwood) etc. (Ironwood, South American ironwood, Suriname ironwood) * ''

Terminalia canescens ''Terminalia canescens'', commonly known as joolal, winged nut tree, or wingnut, and also known by its Aboriginal name djilanydjin in north-western Australia, is a tree of the family ''Combretaceae'' native to northern parts of Australia. Descr ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Tetragastris balsamifera'' (West Indian ironwood) * ''

Thouinia striata ''Thouinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae. The genus is named for André Thouin, a French botanist.Trichilia hirta'' (Bastard ironwood) * '' Tristaniopsis laurina'' (Canungra ironwood) * '' Vachellia farnesiana'' (Ironwood) * '' Vepris lanceolata'' (White ironwood), '' Vepris reflexa'' (Woodland white ironwood, Bushveld white ironwood, Drooping or Rock white ironwood), '' Vepris undulata'' (White ironwood), ''

Vepris carringtoniana ''Vepris'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. It comprises around 90 species, mainly from tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and at a lesser extent Arabia and India. Species , Plants of the World Online (PoWO) accepted t ...

'' (Coastal white ironwood, Wing-leaved white ironwood), '' Vepris zambesiaca'' (Rare white ironwood), '' Vepris termitaria'' (Riverine white ironwood) native to South Africa * ''

Vernonia angustifolia ''Vernonia angustifolia'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the southeastern United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina). It was first described by André ...

'' (Narrow-leaf ironwood) * ''

Vernonia gigantea ''Vernonia gigantea'' (also known as giant ironweed, tall ironweed or ironweed) is a species of perennial plant from family Asteraceae found in United States and Canada. The plant is native to the eastern United States, north to New York state an ...

'' (Oval-leaved ironwood) * '' Xanthostemon verdugonianus'' or Mangkono (Philippine ironwood) endemic to the Philippines, '' Xanthostemon verus'' (Asian or Moluccan, Real or True ironwood) * '' Xantolis tomentosa'' (Armed ironwood, Felty, Woolly, Downy-leaved ironwood) * ''

Xylia xylocarpa ''Xylia xylocarpa'' is a species of tree in the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the family Fabaceae. Description and properties This perennial tree is very conspicuous in the flowering season owing to its bright yellow flow ...

'' (Burma ironwood or Myanmar ironwood) * '' Zanthoxylum fagara'' (Bastard, False ironwood, Yellow ironwood, Jamaica, Brazilian ironwood, Intended-leaved American ironwood) * ''

Zanthoxylum piperitum ''Zanthoxylum piperitum'', also known as Japanese pepper or Japanese prickly-ash is a deciduous aromatic spiny shrub or small tree of the citrus and rue family Rutaceae, native to Japan and Korea. It is called sanshō () in Japan and chopi () ...

'' (Crenated-leaved ironwood) * '' Zanthoxylum tragodes'' (Prickly-leaved American ironwood) * '' Zapoteca tetragona'' (Antillean ironwood)

Plants named ironwood

Acacia estrophiolata habit.jpg, '' Acacia estrophiolata'' Acacia-stenophylla-flowers.jpg, ''

'' flowers American Hornbeam Leaves 600.jpg, ''

Carpinus caroliniana ''Carpinus caroliniana'', the American hornbeam, is a small hardwood tree in the genus ''Carpinus''. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech, ironwood, musclewood and muscle beech. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota and ...

'' leaves Casuarina equesitifolia tree.jpg, '' Casuarina equisetifolia'' subsp. ''incana'' Chionanthus foveolatus - Pock Ironwood Tree - Cape Town 6.jpg, '' Chionanthus foveolatus'' leaves Eusideroxylon zwageri.JPG, ''

'' leaves Holodiscus discolor 3007.JPG, ''

'' flowers PAU-FERROceret10.jpg, '' Libidibia ferrea'' Lyonothamnus floribundus floribundus.jpg, '' Lyonothamnus floribundus'' MesuaFerrea IronWood.jpg, ''

'' NestegisApetala.jpg, '' Nestegis apetala'' Olea capensis - Ironwood Tree - Cape Town 2.jpg, ''

'' Olea woodiana, KwaZulu-Natal NBT, PMB.jpg, '' Olea woodiana''

References

{{Plant common name Wood Trees

Some of the species with their common name

Plants named ironwood

See also

References