Inuktitut Braille is a proposed

braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are blind, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille displ ...

alphabet of the Inuktitut language based on

Inuktitut syllabics Inuktitut syllabics ( iu, ᖃᓂᐅᔮᖅᐸᐃᑦ, qaniujaaqpait, or , ) is an abugida-type writing system used in Canada by the Inuktitut-speaking Inuit of the territory of Nunavut and the Nunavik and Nunatsiavut regions of Quebec and Labrador ...

. Unlike syllabics, it is a true alphabet, with separate letters for consonants and vowels, though vowels are written before the consonants they follow in speech. It was published in 2012 by Tamara Kearney, Manager of Braille Research and Development at the

Commonwealth Braille and Talking Book Cooperative A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from th ...

. The book ᐃᓕᐊᕐᔪᒃ ᓇᓄᕐᓗ ''The Orphan and the Polar Bear'' was the first (and perhaps only) work transliterated into Inuktitut Braille.

Chart

Each letter of Inuktitut syllabics is transliterated with two braille cells. The first cell indicated the orientation of the syllabic letter, and the second its shape. Since the orientation of a letter indicates the vowel of a syllable, and shape indicates the consonant, this means that the syllable ''ki'', for example, is written ''ik''. Vowel length, indicated with a diacritic dot in syllabics, is written by adding an extra dot to the consonant letter in braille, so that the syllable ''kī'' is effectively written ''iķ'' in braille.

Vowels

The four vowel letters are as follows: : The vowels ''u'' and ''a'' mimic the orientations of some consonants carrying these vowels, being practically identical to the null-consonant syllables ᐅ ''u'' and ᐊ ''a'' as well as to ᐳ ''pu'' and ᐸ ''pa''. Vowel letters do not occur alone, but are carried by a

null consonant In orthography, a zero consonant, silent initial, or null-onset letter is a consonant letter that does not correspond to a consonant sound, but is required when a word or syllable starts with a vowel (i.e. has a null onset). Some abjads, abugidas, ...

to write a vowel-initial syllable. For a long vowel, a dot is added to the null consonant letter, . Thus the syllables consisting of a vowel only are written: : ᐁ ''ai'' : ᐃ ''i'' : ᐄ ''ī'' : ᐅ ''u'' : ᐆ ''ū'' : ᐊ ''a'' : ᐋ ''ā'' Consonants follow

English Braille English Braille, also known as ''Grade 2 Braille'', is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters ( phonograms), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations (logograms). Some English Br ...

as closely as possible. For example, the Latin consonant letter ''k'' is in braille, and this is used for the consonant sound in Inuktitut Braille as well. is used alone for at the end of a syllable (in syllabics, ᒃ). Syllables beginning with combine with a vowel cell, as follows: : ᑫ ''kai'' : ᑭ ''ki'' : ᑯ ''ku'' : ᑲ ''ka'' And with long vowels: : ᑮ ''kī'' : ᑰ ''kū'' : ᑳ ''kā'' These vowel letters are used consistently, according to the spoken phonemic vowel, regardless of whether the orientation of symmetry of the syllabic letter is orthogonal in print, as in the null consonant above, or diagonal, as in ''k''.

Consonants

Inuktitut braille consonants were chosen according to romanized Inuktitut rather than syllabics. For example, ᖅ ''q'' is written with the single letter , braille ''q'', rather than as ᕐ ''r'' plus ᒃ ''k'' as it is in syllabics. Consonant assignments differ somewhat from English and international conventions. Since ''v'' in English Braille, , has a dot at position 6, which is used for long vowels in Inuktitut Braille, the letter for the similar sound ''f'', , was substituted for ᕝ ''v''. The Inuktitut letters for ''ng, nng,'' and ''ł'' have no simple equivalent in English Braille, so the braille letters for English ''e, d,'' and ''c'' are used.The source contradicts itself on this point, also saying that is used for ''ł'',and gives no textual examples to clarify. However, that would mean that ''ł'' with a long vowel would be written , identical to the vowel ''a''. We assume, therefore, that is a printing error and that is correct. The consonants are therefore as follows: : For example, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ''Nunavut'' is in braille (literally "unanuvt"), and ᓄᓇᕕᒃ ''Nunavik'' is . Inuktitut syllabics are irregular for the last few letters: ''ng'' and ''nng'' are only diacritics, and require a carrying letter ''g'' to support a vowel; ''ł'' has irregular rotation, and ''h'' is a diacritic requiring the null consonant to support a vowel. In Inuktitut Braille, however, they behave as any other consonant, so that all CV syllables are written with two braille cells regardless of how the consonant is written in syllabics. For example, ᙱ ''nngi'' is just , and ᕼᐃ ''hi'' is just .

Digits and punctuation

Digits and punctuation are identical to those of Unified English Braille with two exceptions: is used for the Grade 1 indicator which would only be employed when indicating a grade 1 passage in English or other contracted languages since Inuktitut Braille does not have grades, and is used for the "single" indicator the purpose of which is to indicate the use of a single glyph used outside any other context or glyphs from other writing systems.

Examples

The following is a sample text, first in braille, then in syllabics and romanization. :⠕⠁⠪⠟⠘⠇⠪⠭⠘⠗⠞⠀⠕⠁⠪⠟⠕⠁⠘⠎⠪⠟⠟⠕⠞⠘⠝⠅ :ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕆᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ :''uqalimārit uqausiqaqtunit'' :⠘⠁⠕⠝⠕⠟⠘⠞⠞⠪⠞⠂⠀⠘⠁⠘⠇⠟⠕⠅⠘⠎⠕⠟⠘⠞⠞⠪⠞⠂ :ᐃᓄᖁᑎᑦᑕ, ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖁᑎᑦᑕ, :''inuqutitta, iliqkusiqutitta,'' :⠕⠡⠪⠍⠕⠚⠞⠂⠀⠘⠁⠘⠇⠪⠞⠘⠗⠪⠚⠕⠁⠚⠕⠚⠘⠞⠞⠪⠞⠂ :ᐆᒪᔪᑦ, ᐃᓕᑕᕆᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᑦᑕ, :''ūmajut, ilitarijaujjutitta,'' :⠘⠏⠘⠛⠪⠁⠗⠘⠝⠘⠗⠪⠇⠕⠁⠟⠪⠞⠞⠪⠞⠂ :ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᑦᑕ, :''pigiarnirilauqtatta,'' :⠕⠝⠪⠝⠕⠋⠪⠾⠟⠘⠎⠪⠍⠘⠝⠞⠪⠞⠕⠇ :ᓄᓇᕗᑖᖅᓯᒪᓂᑦᑕᓗ :''nunavutāqsimanittalu'' :⠘⠍⠅⠪⠮⠕⠽⠪⠑⠕⠚⠘⠝⠅⠂⠀⠪⠁⠍⠪⠍⠕⠇ :ᒥᒃᓵᓅᖓᔪᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ :''miksānūngajunik, ammalu'' :⠪⠁⠘⠍⠕⠎⠅⠪⠅⠝⠘⠝⠗⠘⠝⠅⠲ :ᐊᒥᓱᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᓂᒃ. :''amisukkannirnik.''

References