International reactions to the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen (2015–present)
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International reactions to the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen of 2015 were mixed. Most other Arab League nations and several
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governments backed the
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...
-led military coalition, but other governments warned against an escalation in the violent situation in
Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
.


Political responses and commentary


Supranational

* – Delegates to the Arab League voted to study the formation of a joint military force on 29 March 2015, days after the intervention in Yemen began. Secretary-General Naril Elaraby affirmed that the intervention would "continue until
Houthi The Houthi movement (; ar, ٱلْحُوثِيُّون ''al-Ḥūthīyūn'' ), officially called Ansar Allah (' ''Partisans of God'' or ''Supporters of God'') and colloquially simply Houthis, is an Islamist political and armed movement that ...
militias withdraw and submit their weapons" and asserted that the international operation was necessary. * – The European Union criticized the military intervention. It suggested that military intervention would not solve the crisis and expressed concern about the "serious regional repercussions" after the Saudi military intervention in Yemen, describing that this move is not a solution, and urging regional powers to "act responsibly". The European Union reiterates its support for all efforts by the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
. * (OIC) – Iyad Ameen Madani, secretary-general of the OIC, criticised the Houthis and said military action was made inevitable by their actions. He said he hoped the intervention would restore stability to Yemen. * – Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, the UN High
Commissioner for Human Rights The Commissioner for Human Rights is an independent and impartial non-judicial institution established in 1999 by the Strasbourg-based Council of Europe, to promote awareness of and respect for human rights in the council's 46 member states. The ...
, warned that Yemen appeared to be verging on "total collapse". He expressed concern about civilian casualties, including those apparently caused by a Saudi airstrike on a camp for displaced persons in northern Yemen.
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called an emergency meeting of the
United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, an ...
for 4 April 2015 to discuss calling for "humanitarian pauses" in the airstrikes. A leaked UN report of January 2016 found that the Saudi coalition had conducted airstrikes that had targeted civilians, including camps for internally displaced people, weddings, schools, religious centers, hospitals, vehicles, and markets. **Zeid Ra'ad al Hussein, the UN's Commissioner for Human Rights, told the UN Security Council that the Saudi coalition is responsible for a "disproportionate number" of attacks on civilian areas. **UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes van der Klaauw, said Saudi-led air strikes violate international law.


National

* – The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan government announced its support for the military intervention by Saudi Arabia in Yemen. * – Minister of Foreign Affairs of Algeria, Ramtane Lamamra, expressed "very great and deep concern" about the events in Yemen and said the "escalation of violence" would only make the situation worse. Lamamra reportedly presented a ceasefire initiative at an Arab League summit in Egypt calling for the Houthis to withdraw from
Sana'a Sanaa ( ar, صَنْعَاء, ' , Yemeni Arabic: ; Old South Arabian: 𐩮𐩬𐩲𐩥 ''Ṣnʿw''), also spelled Sana'a or Sana, is the capital and largest city in Yemen and the centre of Sanaa Governorate. The city is not part of the Gover ...
and the Yemeni House of Representatives to resume meeting in exchange for an end to the bombing campaign and security guarantees for the Houthis and their allies. * – On April 14, 2015, Australian Foreign Affairs Minister,
Julie Bishop Julie Isabel Bishop (born 17 July 1956) is an Australian former politician who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2018 and deputy leader of the Liberal Party from 2007 to 2018. She was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Curtin ...
, said she shared the view of U.N. Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, in calling for a ceasefire. She believes all parties involved in the conflict in Yemen should go back to the negotiating table. * – The
foreign ministry In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entit ...
said in a statement that Bangladesh deplored acts of violence perpetrated by Houthis on the people of Yemen "resulting in humanitarian crisis." "Bangladesh supports all efforts led by Saudi Arabia in restoring the legitimate state authority and realisation of aspirations of the people of Yemen, as well as upholding the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Yemen," it said. Bangladesh also urged for resumption of political process guided by the commitments made by the parties within the
Gulf Cooperation Council The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf ( ar, مجلس التعاون لدول العربية الخليج ), also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; ar, مجلس التعاون الخليجي), is a regional, interg ...
Framework, the
National Dialogue Conference The National Dialogue Conference (NDC) was a transitional dialogue process held at the Movenpick Hotel in Sanaa, Yemen from March 18, 2013 to January 24, 2014, as part of the Yemeni crisis reconciliation efforts. National Dialogue is a key part o ...
outcomes and relevant UN Security Council resolutions. * – On 27 March 2015, Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister,
Rob Nicholson Robert Douglas "Rob" Nicholson (born April 29, 1952) is a Canadian politician who represented the riding of Niagara Falls in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2019 as a member of the Conservative Party. Under Prime Minister Stephen Ha ...
, issued a statement on the situation in Yemen, saying "Canada supports the military action by Saudi Arabia and its Gulf Cooperation Council partners and others to defend Saudi Arabia's border and to protect Yemen's recognized government at the request of the Yemeni president." * – The Chinese government expressed deep concern over the situation in Yemen. It urged all parties to resolve the dispute through dialogue. * – Djibouti supports foreign military intervention in Yemen and is prepared to help evacuate its nationals if the security situation there deteriorates, said Foreign Minister
Mahamoud Ali Youssouf Mahamoud Ali Youssouf ( aa, Macamud Qali Yuusuf, so, Maxamuud Cali Yuusuf, ar, محمود علي يوسف; born 2 September 1965) is a Djiboutian diplomat. He has served in the government of Djibouti as Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2005. ...
. Youssouf warned on 2 April 2015 that the Houthis had installed heavy weapons on islands in the
Bab-el-Mandeb The Bab-el-Mandeb ( Arabic: , , ) is a strait between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden. Name The strait derives its name from the dangers a ...
strait, and he urged coalition forces to remove them, saying they endangered
Djibouti Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...
and international shipping. * – In a statement, the Eritrean Foreign Ministry said it viewed the Yemeni crisis "as an internal matter". Eritrea denied allegations that it provided support to the Houthis. In late April, Eritrean President,
Isaias Afwerki Isaias Afwerki ( ti, ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in ...
, visited Saudi Arabia for talks on bilateral relations and the situation in Yemen. The two countries reportedly reached a security and martial accord centered on counter-terrorism, illicit trade and maritime security in the
Red Sea The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; ...
area, as well as averting "foreign interference" in Yemen's internal affairs. * – Ethiopian Prime Minister,
Hailemariam Desalegn Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe ( amh, ኃይለማሪያም ደሳለኝ ቦሼ; born 19 July 1965) is an Ethiopian politician who served as prime minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018. He also previously served as deputy prime minister and Minister ...
, said his country stands with Sudan, a neighbour and member of the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen. He said the intervention was justified to protect the Yemeni government and defeat the Houthis. * – According to the Saudi newspaper, '' Arab News'', the French Embassy in
Riyadh Riyadh (, ar, الرياض, 'ar-Riyāḍ, lit.: 'The Gardens' Najdi pronunciation: ), formerly known as Hajr al-Yamamah, is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of th ...
released a statement reiterating its support of Hadi's government and concluding, "France stands by its partners in the region to restore stability and unity of Yemen." French foreign minister,
Laurent Fabius Laurent Fabius (; born 20 August 1946) is a French politician serving as President of the Constitutional Council since 8 March 2016. A member of the Socialist Party, he previously served as Prime Minister of France from 17 July 1984 to 20 Mar ...
, expressed his political support for the Saudi-led intervention during an official visit to Riyadh. In May 2019, however, French minister
Jean-Yves Le Drian Jean-Yves Le Drian (; born 30 June 1947) is a French politician who served as Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs in the governments of Prime Ministers Édouard Philippe and Jean Castex (2017–2022) and as Minister of Defence under Presi ...
, urged Saudi Arabia and UAE to stop the "dirty war" in Yemen. * –
Frank-Walter Steinmeier Frank-Walter Steinmeier (; born 5 January 1956) is a German politician serving as President of Germany since 19 March 2017. He was previously Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2005 to 2009 and again from 2013 to 2017, as well as Vice Chan ...
, the German foreign minister, said he "can understand" Saudi Arabia's decision to mount a military intervention, and acknowledged the operation had "support from the region" and was carried out at Yemeni President, Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi's, request. However, he said the crisis could not be solved by violence and urged a negotiated solution. **On 2 December 2015, the
Federal Intelligence Service The Federal Intelligence Service (German: ; , BND) is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany, directly subordinate to the Chancellor's Office. The BND headquarters is located in central Berlin and is the world's largest intelligence head ...
(the BND) warned that Saudi Arabia was at risk of becoming "a major destabilising influence in the
Arab world The Arab world ( ar, اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ '), formally the Arab homeland ( '), also known as the Arab nation ( '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, refers to a vast group of countries, mainly located in Western A ...
", adding that Saudi Arabia's intervention in Yemen was driven by a desire to show that the country was "willing to take military, financial and political risks in order not to fall behind in regional politics". * – Religious Affairs Minister, Lukman Hakim Saifuddin, expressed concerns over the military intervention and hoped that it would end soon and wouldn't worsen. * – Foreign Minister
Mohammad Javad Zarif Mohammad Javad Zarif Khansari ( fa, محمدجواد ظریف خوانساری, Mohammad-Javād Zarīf Khānsāri ; ; born 8 January 1960) is an Iranian career diplomat and academic. He was the foreign minister of Iran from 2013 until 2021 in th ...
called the military intervention a "dangerous development which will destabilize a region", and the Foreign Ministry demanded an immediate halt on all "military aggressions" in Yemen. Iran described and warned that Riyadh was taking a 'dangerous step', making clear that the Saudi deployment of a Sunni coalition against
Shi'ite Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most ...
enemies would complicate efforts to end a conflict, and that it was likely to inflame the sectarian animosities fueling wars around the Middle East. A senior official said military intervention in Yemen is not an option for Tehran. "We demand an immediate stop to the Saudi military operations in Yemen," Mohammad Javad Zarif said in an interview with Iran's Arabic-language al-Alam news network, according to
Press TV Press TV (stylised as PRESSTV) is an Iranian state-owned news network that broadcasts in the English and French languages owned by Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the only organization legally able to transmit radio and TV broadc ...
. According to Iran's official news agency, Iran's deputy foreign minister has asked the United Nations Secretary General to do everything possible to halt Saudi-led air strikes in Yemen immediately. **Supreme leader Ali Khamenei denounced the Saudi bombings, calling them acts of genocide. He went on to say that Saudi Arabia "will not emerge victorious in its aggression." Khamenei also compared Saudi-led airstrikes in Yemen to Israel's military operation in Gaza last summer. * – Foreign Minister
Ibrahim al-Jaafari Ibrahim Abd al-Karim al-Eshaiker ( ar, إبراهيم عبد الكريم الأشيقر; born 25 March 1947), also known as Ibrahim al-Jaafari, is an Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq in the Iraqi Transitional Government from 200 ...
expressed the Iraqi government's opposition to the intervention at an Arab League summit on 26 March 2015. * – On 29 March 2015, Israeli Prime Minister,
Benjamin Netanyahu Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (; ; born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician who served as the ninth prime minister of Israel from 1996 to 1999 and again from 2009 to 2021. He is currently serving as Leader of the Opposition and Chairman of ...
, criticized Iran's purported support for the Houthis, saying "the Iran-Lausanne-Yemen axis is very dangerous for humanity and needs to be stopped," in a reference to ongoing nuclear negotiations between Iran and the P5+1. * – Lebanese Prime Minister,
Tammam Salam Tammam Saeb Salam ( ar, تمّام صائب سلام, ; born 13 May 1945) is a Lebanese politician who was the Prime Minister of Lebanon from February 2014 until December 2016. He also served as the acting President of Lebanon from May 2014 unti ...
's, reaction to the intervention was described by Beirut-based newspaper '' The Daily Star'' as "ambiguous". Salam said at an Arab League summit on 28 March 2015 that Lebanon backs "any Arab stance that preserves Yemen's sovereignty and territorial integrity in addition to the cohesion of its social fabric". He also asked the Arab League not to involve Lebanon in any "regional struggles", an apparent reference to the conflict. ** Seyed Hassan Nasrallah, the Secretary General of the Lebanese Hezbollah, in a 27 March 2015 speech strongly censured Saudi Arabia for its "aggression" against Yemen. He claimed that Saudis decided to invade Yemen because they realized they were losing their influence and control over the country. He praised Iran for "respecting the will of the regions people" and "sympathizing with their causes." He further accused Saudi Arabia of betraying the struggle against Israel as the main Arab cause. Nasrallah said Hezbollah would have joined the fight if it were against Israel, rather than Arabs. **
Saad Hariri Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri ( ar, سعد الدين رفيق الحريري, translit=Saʿd ad-Dīn Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī; born 18 April 1970) is a Lebanese-Saudi politician who served as the prime minister of Lebanon from 2009 to 2011 and 2016 ...
, former Prime Minister of Lebanon, praised Saudi
King Salman Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( ar, سلمان بن عبد العزیز آل سعود, , ; born 31 December 1935) is King of Saudi Arabia, reigning since 2015, and served as Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2022. The 25th son of Kin ...
for what he described as his "wise and brave" decision for military operation against the Houthi rebels. He blamed Iran's intervention in regional conflicts for the current turmoil in the region and supported Saudi Arabia for uniting the Arabs by the action it is carrying out in Yemen. * – Internationally recognised Libyan Prime Minister,
Abdullah al-Thani Abdullah al-Thani ( ar, عبد الله الثني  Libyan pronunciation: ) is a Libyan politician who became prime minister of the House of Representatives of Libya on 11 March 2014, when he took over in an interim capacity after the dis ...
, compared the conflict in Yemen to the fractious political situation in his country, and said "it is impossible to support legitimacy in Yemen and not do the same thing in Libya". * – Malaysia's Minister of Defence,
Hishammuddin Hussein Hishammuddin bin Hussein ( Jawi: هشام الدين بن حسين; born 5 August 1961) is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who served as Senior Minister of the Security Cluster and Minister of Defence from 2021 to 2022. A member of the Unite ...
, has affirmed his country's support to Yemen's government and Saudi Arabia's measures to protect its security and sovereignty. * – New Zealand's Deputy-Foreign Minister, Bead Curry, supported Iran's plan for sending humanitarian aid, promoting cessation of hostilities, and national dialogue and unity government in the country on April 14, 2015. * – Despite being a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Oman has decided not to join the coalition, but is providing humanitarian aid to Yemenis. The Omani government has said that it had helped "nationals from 48 countries" leave Yemen and return to their home countries, and that it had taken in 2,695 refugees from Yemen as of mid-April 2015. * – After Saudi disclosures about Pakistan's participation, it was reported that
Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...
Nawaz Sharif Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu, Punjabi: ; born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani businessman and politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms. He is the longest-serving prime minister of Pak ...
had re-affirmed that any risk to Saudi Arabia's territorial integrity would evoke a strong response from Pakistan, but that Pakistan is not directly participating in the military intervention. The
Pakistani Parliament The Parliament of Pakistan ( ur, , , "Pakistan Advisory Council" or "Pakistan Consultative Assembly") is the federal and supreme legislative body of Pakistan. It is a bicameral federal legislature that consists of the Senate as the upper ...
voted to adopt a policy of neutrality toward the conflict in Yemen, rebuffing a direct request from Saudi Arabia to commit troops and aircraft to the operation. However, on 17 April 2–15, Sharif said Pakistan would dispatch warships to enforce the arms embargo against the Houthis in support of the Saudi-led coalition. **Pakistan's left-wing opposition and the Pakistan Peoples Party has warned against participating in the conflict, advising the ruling conservative party, the PML(N), "to restore peace and not to participate in war." Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, another major political party, has condemned the military intervention in Yemen. **In a press release by Foreign Office's spokeswoman, Tasnim Aslam, Pakistan has refused to be a part of any military campaign that divides the ''
Muslim Ummah ' (; ar, أمة ) is an Arabic word meaning "community". It is distinguished from ' ( ), which means a nation with common ancestry or geography. Thus, it can be said to be a supra-national community with a common history. It is a synonym for ' ...
'', hence adopting a strict neutrality in the conflict. A senior official in the Sharif ministry confirmed the "policy of neutrality" in the conflict, quoting: "Pakistan will not be involved in any action in Yemen itself but will provide support to the Saudis on their own soil if they are threatened." **Many in Pakistan protested against the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen and popular public opinion is opposed to any support of the military intervention. **
News media The news media or news industry are forms of mass media that focus on delivering news to the general public or a target public. These include news agencies, print media (newspapers, news magazines), broadcast news (radio and television), and ...
in Pakistan is speculating that Pakistan will not take part in the Sunni-led campaign against the Shiite Houthis in Yemen, as Pakistan has a sizable Shia following and enjoys cordial relations with
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
and China who strongly opposed the military intervention. In addition, Pakistan has stronger ties and historical relations with both Iran and
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...
, maintaining a balance with both states. In a session with Parliament, Defence Minister
Khawaja Asif Khawaja Muhammad Asif (; born 9 August 1949) is a Pakistani politician currently serving as the Defence Minister of Pakistan since April 2022, He has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, since August 2018. Previously, he was a m ...
remarked: "We are not and will not fan any conflict that will divide the Muslim world on sectarian lines." **Although the
Pakistan government The Government of Pakistan ( ur, , translit=hakúmat-e pákistán) abbreviated as GoP, is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the four provinces, two autonomous territories ...
repeatedly rejected the claims, numerous foreign news media reported that Pakistan was a participant in the coalition force and quoted an unnamed senior government official. Saudi Arabia asked for both "material and manpower" support from Pakistan— this request was made when National Security Adviser Sartaj Aziz, Special convey Tariq Fatemi, and Defence Minister Muhammad Asif paid an urgent visit to Saudi Arabia. Despite Saudi pressure on Pakistan, Prime Minister Sharif made an emergency trip to Turkey to discuss the issue and to address security issues in Yemen. According to the Foreign Ministry's officials, the Iranian Foreign minister Javed Zarif paid an urgent visit to Islamabad on 8 April 2015 to discuss the issue in Yemen. **Pakistan's parliament participated in a broader debate over the complexity and issues involving Saudi Arabia's request, and on 8 April 2016, the MQM– a liberal party– has spoken out against getting involved in Yemen with MQM senator, Tahir Hussain Mashadi, stating that the "aggressor" was Saudi Arabia and the victims were the Yemenis. * – The Palestinian National Authority announced their support of, what they called, the Arab coalition and said a similar coalition should be created against Hamas who, it claimed, had illegally taken over the Gaza Strip during a 2007 coup. **
Hamas Hamas (, ; , ; an acronym of , "Islamic Resistance Movement") is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist, militant, and nationalist organization. It has a social service wing, Dawah, and a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam ...
– On 30 March 2015, Hamas announced its support of the Saudi-led coalition. **
Sabireen Movement Ḥarakah aṣ-Ṣābirīn Naṣran li-Filasṭīn , native_name_lang = , war = the Gaza–Israel conflict , image = , caption = Flag used by the group , active = 25 May 2014 – present , ideology ...
, the group's leader who is a
Shiite Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most ...
convert and supported by Iran condemned the Saudi intervention and called it "an attack on the Yemeni people" * – President
Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who holds the office of president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime min ...
sent a letter to the Arab League calling for an "immediate cessation of military activities" in Yemen. The Kremlin also recommended increased efforts to find a peaceful solution to the crisis. Russia introduced a draft resolution to the UN Security Council calling for a ceasefire on April 4, 2015. * – President
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ( so, Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud, ar, حسن شيخ محمود; born 29 November 1955) is a Somali politician who has served as the president of Somalia since May 2022. He is the founder and current chairman of the Union for ...
indicated that the Federal Government of Somalia supported the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen. In response to calls from Yemeni President, Abd Rabbuh Mansur, for a collective counter-insurgency effort on the part of the Arab League states, Mohamud also noted that the nation would continue to stand by the Yemeni government. Foreign Minister of Somalia, Abdisalam Omer, reiterated his administration's support for the legitimacy of Yemen's incumbent government. He officially confirmed that the Somali federal government had permitted the coalition to use Somalia's airspace, territorial waters and land. It offered to share its stabilization-related experience with the Saudi-led forces. The approval came after Somalia had leased its airspace to the Gulf states with
Bosaso Bosaso ( so, Boosaaso, ar, بوصاصو), historically known as Bender Cassim is a city in the northeastern Bari province ('' gobol'') of Somalia. It is the seat of the Bosaso District. Located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden, the mu ...
(in the northeast) and
Berbera Berbera (; so, Barbara, ar, بربرة) is the capital of the Sahil region of Somaliland and is the main sea port of the country. Berbera is a coastal city and was the former capital of the British Somaliland protectorate before Hargeisa. It ...
(in the northwest) scheduled to be used by the coalition forces due to their proximity to Yemen. ** – The separatist administration of the Somaliland
autonomous region An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, entity, unit, region, subdivision, or territory) is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy ...
in northwestern Somalia objected to the Somali federal government's decision, arguing that it was an "independent" administration and that the waters fell under its jurisdiction. * – The Syrian Foreign Ministry expressed "deep" concern over the situation in Yemen. While Syria stressed the need to respect the sovereignty of Yemen and its independence, it called on all Yemeni parties to embark on a dialogue to reach a political solution that meets the aspirations and will of the Yemeni people. * – the Foreign Minister, in a press statement, said that they are concerned about the serious developments in Yemen and urged for dialogues. * – President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that Turkey supported the Saudi-led military operation in Yemen. He also criticised Iran's regional ambitions in both Yemen and Iraq. However, in a joint meeting between Iran and Turkey, both nations agreed that a political solution is needed in Yemen, despite being on opposing sides of the conflict. * – The Foreign and Commonwealth Office announced support for the Saudi decision to intervene military in Yemen "following president Hadi's request for support". However the UK said it would not be providing military support, though it later emerged that the UK had sent military advisers to help direct coalition attacks. * – A National Security Council spokeswoman said the US would work jointly with Saudi Arabia to provide military and intelligence support while not participating in "direct military action". President
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the ...
declared that he had authorized US forces to provide logistical and intelligence support to the operation against Houthis as a "Joint Planning Cell' with Saudi Arabia. US support has included
UAV An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which includes adding a ground-based controlle ...
video feeds to aid Saudi airstrike targeting, refueling of Saudi fighter aircraft, and search-and-rescue support in the Gulf of Aden. Marie Harf, a spokeswoman for the U.S. State Department, said in April 2015, that the parties to the conflict should "end the fighting" and restart a political dialogue. In the wake of a leaked UN report highly critical of the coalition and of ongoing attacks on civilian targets, the US issued an "unusual" statement that criticized air strikes that killed an ambulance driver working with
Doctors Without Borders Doctor or The Doctor may refer to: Personal titles * Doctor (title), the holder of an accredited academic degree * A medical practitioner, including: ** Physician ** Surgeon ** Dentist ** Veterinary physician ** Optometrist *Other roles ** ...
and a journalist, while making "no mention" of Saudi Arabia or the coalition.


Others

*
Red Cross The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and ...
– The International Committee of the Red Cross is worried by the recent escalation of violence in Yemen, and expressed concern on March 26, 2015 at reports of civilian casualties following air strikes in the capital Sana'a and other parts of the country. Edric Schweizer, head of the ICRC delegation in Yemen, stated "All parties involved in the current round of violence are bound by the rules governing the conduct of hostilities." *
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF; pronounced ), also known as Doctors Without Borders, is a humanitarian medical non-governmental organisation (NGO) or charity of French origin known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases. ...
(Doctors Without Borders) have condemned airstrikes on multiple occasions. Ban Ki-Moon also condemned attacks on MSF facilities on 3 December 2015. * International Crisis Group – The ICG concluded in a 27 March 2015 briefing that action by the UNSC to observe a prompt truce, with the aim of restoring the suspended negotiations, was needed. The ICG has also recommended priorities for negotiations, namely having Saudi Arabia persuade Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi to give up power and holding talks in neutral Oman. * Oxfam – On April 19, 2015, international aid agency, Oxfam, condemned Saudi Arabia over airstrikes that it said had hit one of its warehouses containing humanitarian supplies in the Houthi northern stronghold of
Saada Saada ( ar, صَعْدَة, translit=Ṣaʿda), a city and ancient capital in the northwest of Yemen, is the capital and largest city of the province of the same name, and the county seat of the county of the same name. The city is located in the ...
. * Amnesty International – Amnesty has said that the coalition's air strikes demonstrate an "appalling disregard" for civilian life, with some attacks amounting to war crimes. * Reporters Without Borders – Reporters without borders condemned a strike in Sana'a on 20 April 2015 that caused the deaths of four employees of Al-Yemen Al-Youm TV and injured ten others. It also condemned attacks on journalists by pro-Houthi forces. *
Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization, headquartered in New York City, that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. The group pressures governments, policy makers, companies, and individual human r ...
criticized the UN Security Council repeatedly for "remaining almost silent on coalition abuses".; PDF download: *
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
condemned the destructions by air strikes on the Old City of Sana'a, a
UNESCO World Heritage Site A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
, and other heavily populated areas.


Evacuations and other actions

The Royal Saudi Navy evacuated diplomats and United Nations staff from Aden to Jeddah on 28 March 2015. Pakistan dispatched two special PIA flights to evacuate some 500 stranded Pakistanis on 29 March 2015. Several UN staff members and Arab diplomats were also evacuated following the airstrikes. The Indian government responded by deploying ships and planes to Yemen to evacuate stranded Indians. Foreign Minister
Sushma Swaraj Sushma Swaraj () (''née'' Sharma; 14 February 1952 – 6 August 2019) was an Indian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government from 2014 to 2019. She is only ...
stated that since all the airports in Yemen were closed, they planned to bring people to the neighbouring country of Djibouti by ship, and from there to India by aircraft. India began evacuating hundreds of its citizens on 2 April 2015, via a commercial liner docked in Aden port. An air evacuation of Indian nationals from Sana'a to Djibouti was carried out on 3 April 2015, after the Indian government obtained permission to land two Airbus A320s at the
airport An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surfa ...
. The
Indian Armed Forces The Indian Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of India. It consists of three professional uniformed services: the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force.—— Additionally, the Indian Armed Forces are supported by th ...
, in a rescue operation codenamed '' Operation Raahat,'' evacuated more than 4640 Indian nationals along with 960 foreign nationals from 41 countries. The operation ended on 11 April 2015. A Chinese missile frigate docked in Aden on 29 March 2015 to evacuate Chinese nationals from Yemen. The ship reportedly deployed soldiers ashore on 2 April 2015 to guard the evacuation of civilians from the city. The Chinese frigate evacuated 225 foreign citizens from 10 different countries in what
Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters Corporation. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency was esta ...
described as "the first time that China's military has helped other countries evacuate their people during an international crisis". China also evacuated 571 of its own nationals and eight foreigners who worked for Chinese companies in Yemen. The Ethiopian Foreign Ministry said it would airlift its citizens out of Yemen if they requested to be evacuated. There were reportedly more than 50,000 Ethiopian nationals living and working in Yemen at the outbreak of hostilities. Malaysia also planned to evacuate its 879 citizens from Yemen, according to its Foreign Minister, Anifah Aman, but it was unclear whether they would be moved out by air or land.


Timeline of events

On 4 April 2015, the ICRC called for a 24-hour humanitarian ceasefire after the coalition blocked three aid shipments to Yemen. Russia also called for "humanitarian pauses" in the coalition bombing campaign, bringing the idea before the United Nations Security Council in a 4 April emergency meeting. However, Saudi Arabia's UN ambassador raised questions over whether humanitarian pauses are the best way of delivering humanitarian assistance. On 7 April, China renewed calls for an immediate ceasefire. On 10 April, Julien Harneis (UNICEF Yemen representative) said to CNN, "The humanitarian situation is worsening all the time, with increasingly limited access to water, basic sanitation and critical health services,". As a result, UNICEF sent antibiotics, bandages, syringes, IV sets and other medical supplies. On 10 April, the Pakistani Parliament declined a Saudi Arabian request to join the coalition. The Parliament clarified the wish to maintain a neutral diplomatic stance. On 14 April, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution placing an arms embargo on three top Houthi leaders, including
Abdul-Malik al-Houthi Abdul-Malik Badruldeen al-Houthi ( ar, عبد الملك بدر الدين الحوثي) is a Yemeni politician and religious leader who serves as the leader of the Houthi movement (Ansar Allah), a revolutionary movement principally made up of ...
, as well as Saleh and his son, Ahmed Ali Saleh. The embargo also covered their supporters and called on the Houthis to retreat and lay down arms. Other provisions in the resolution include appointing UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, to "facilitate" the provision of aid, including humanitarian pauses. It also called on all involved parties to participate in peace talks in Riyadh. The resolution was sponsored by the Gulf States and Jordan, which held a rotating Security Council seat. On 16 April, the UN Special Envoy to Yemen,
Jamal Benomar Jamal Benomar ( ar, جمال بنعمر; born c. April 1957) is a former UN diplomat. He worked at the UN for 25 years, including as a special envoy for Yemen and a special adviser to former Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. Early life and educat ...
, resigned, citing his failure to negotiate an end to the conflicts. Benomar brokered the post-Arab Spring transition in which Hadi replaced Saleh. Following the resignation, Secretary General Ban called for an immediate ceasefire to facilitate the delivery of aid. On 16 April, a group of US- and UK-based Yemen scholars wrote an open letter, stating that the operation was illegal under international law and calling for the UN to enforce an immediate ceasefire. On 17 April, Iran submitted to the United Nations a four-point peace proposal aimed at ending the conflict. The proposal called for an immediate ceasefire and end of all foreign military attacks, humanitarian assistance, a resumption of broad national dialogue and "establishment of an inclusive national unity government". Exiled Yemeni officials later rejected the deal, calling it a political manoeuvre. Russia confirmed its backing of the proposal and said that it would use its full capacity to further the plan. The UN on 17 April called for 274 million US dollars in humanitarian aid to meet the needs of 7.5 million people over three months. The same day, Saudi Arabia pledged to fund the entire appeal. However, the UN agency responsible opted to keep the appeal open, stating that it "urged other donors to provide more support to meet increasing needs across the country." On 18 April, the Chinese Foreign Ministry announced that Chinese president,
Xi Jinping Xi Jinping ( ; ; ; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus as the paramount leader of China, ...
, had called King Salman and urged him to increase efforts to find a political solution to end the crisis. On 19 April, Oxfam condemned Saudi Arabia over airstrikes it said hit one of its warehouses containing humanitarian supplies in Saada. On 21 April, the Iranian Foreign Minister announced that he was hopeful that a ceasefire would be under effect later in the day. Mauritanian diplomat,
Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed Ismaïl Ould Cheikh Ahmed ( ar, إسماعيل ولد الشيخ أحمد; born 9 November 1960, in Nouakchott) is a Mauritanian diplomat and politician. He served as a United Nations Special Envoy for Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَ ...
, was nominated by Secretary General Ban to replace Jamal Benomar, who resigned on 16 April. His nomination was confirmed on 25 April. On 24 April, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation announced it would hold an extraordinary meeting to discuss the situation. Aid groups came out against the air campaign: Amnesty International said some of the coalition's airstrikes "appear to have failed to take necessary precautions to minimize harm to civilians and damage to civilian objects". Reporters without Borders condemned a strike in Sanaa on 20 April that caused the deaths of four employees of Al-Yemen Al-Youm TV and injured ten others; it also condemned attacks on journalists by pro-Houthi forces. On 24 April, thousands of Nigerians demonstrated in
Kano Kano may refer to: Places *Kano State, a state in Northern Nigeria * Kano (city), a city in Nigeria, and the capital of Kano State **Kingdom of Kano, a Hausa kingdom between the 10th and 14th centuries **Sultanate of Kano, a Hausa kingdom between ...
following Friday prayers to denounce the Saudi attacks. On 25 April, professor Sami Ramadani of
London Metropolitan University London Metropolitan University, commonly known as London Met, is a public research university in London, England. The University of North London (formerly the Polytechnic of North London) and London Guildhall University (formerly the City ...
claimed Hadi was violating Yemen's Constitution. Under article 35, "No organization, individual, group, political party or organization may establish forces or paramilitary groups for whatever purpose or under any name". Additionally, under article 68, "no other on-state-establishedarmed force may enter the House premises or take positions near its entrances except at the request of the Speaker." On 27 April, Benomar told ''
The Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' is an American business-focused, international daily newspaper based in New York City, with international editions also available in Chinese and Japanese. The ''Journal'', along with its Asian editions, is published ...
'' that Yemeni political parties had been close to agreeing on a final peace deal before the airstrikes started. On 29 April, peace activist group "Women's Power to Stop War" demanded an end to the conflict and sent letters to over 10 embassies and representatives, denouncing the conflict following a plea by Yemeni activist,
Amal Basha Amal Basha (born: November 19, 1962) is a Yemeni women's rights activist, chair of the Sisters' Arab Forum for Human Rights (SAF). As the chair of SAF, she "defends the rights of women, prisoners and refugees, and fights for more political freedom ...
. By the end of April, the US government was pressuring Saudi Arabia to end the airstrikes, with National Security Advisor, Susan E. Rice, saying, "There is no military solution to the crisis in Yemen, and the humanitarian situation will only worsen if the conflict continues." Also on 29 April, US State Department spokesperson, Marie Harf, said the US Secretary of State,
John Kerry John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American attorney, politician and diplomat who currently serves as the first United States special presidential envoy for climate. A member of the Forbes family and the Democratic Party, he ...
, and EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs,
Federica Mogherini Federica Mogherini (; born 16 June 1973) is an Italian politician who served as High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission from 2014 to 2019. She previously served as I ...
, had discussed the situation, with particular emphasis on pushing forward political negotiations. On 30 April, the ICRC (Red Cross) and the World Food Program (WFP) said aid delivery had become difficult-to-impossible, with WFP suspending operations, due to ongoing fighting, air transport restrictions, and the destruction of Sanaa airport. On 1 May, the UNSC held an emergency meeting, called by Russia, to discuss the crisis. The council did not agree on a Russian-drafted statement demanding an immediate ceasefire in what the Russian delegate called "amazing indecision." Diplomats said they rejected the Russian statement as they "needed time to consider the wording." A US official said the US was working directly with the Saudi government to facilitate aid delivery, and condemned Houthi and pro-Saleh fighters for failing to abide by an earlier UN resolution calling on them to end fighting. An unnamed diplomat told AFP that diplomats had agreed in principle with the Russian resolution, but failed to agree on the exact wording. On 2 May, Kerry stated that the US, the UN, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates were working on peace negotiations between the government and the rebels. On 4 May, the UN called on the coalition to stop attacking Sanaa Airport to allow delivery of humanitarian aid. ICRC head in Yemen, Cedric Schweizer, said "The harsh restrictions on importations imposed by the Coalition for the past six weeks, added to the extreme fuel shortages, have made the daily lives of Yemenis unbearable, and their suffering immense". WFP stated that its monthly fuel needs had increased from 40,000 to 1 million litres. On 6 May, Kerry pledged to discuss the implementation of a humanitarian pause with Saudi officials. Kerry, on a visit to Djibouti, urged all sides "to comply with humanitarian law to take every precaution to keep civilians out of the line of fire." On 7 May, after Saudi/US discussions, Saudi Arabia proposed a five-day ceasefire. Two Houthi leaders told
CNN CNN (Cable News Network) is a multinational cable news channel headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by ...
that they would meet soon to discuss the proposal. Hours later, coalition spokesman said that forces would continue "a harsh response" to Houthis' attacks on the areas along the Kingdom's southern border. On 8 May, the Russian UN envoy said that he expected UN-brokered peace talks to resume quickly and warned that sending ground troops into Yemen would be "a reckless escalation". A UN official commented on the recently announced ceasefire saying that it would not be enough to accommodate Yemen's humanitarian needs stating that a UN-chartered fuel vessel was still waiting off the coast. On 10 May, the UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen stated that the attacks on Saada province were in breach of international law. On 29 June, Secretary General Ban denounced a coalition airstrike that had hit a UN compound in Aden the previous day and requested a full investigation. On 20 January 2016, Angus Robertson, the SNP's Parliamentary Group Leader, said the British Prime Minister, David Cameron, should admit to British involvement in Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen: "Isn't it time for the Prime Minister to admit that Britain is effectively taking part in a war in Yemen that is costing thousands of civilians lives and he has not sought parliamentary approval to do this?"David Cameron accused of silently taking Britain into Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen
. ''The Independent.'' 20 January 2016.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:International reactions to the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen (2015-present) Yemeni Crisis (2011–present) Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia Foreign relations of Yemen Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) International reactions to armed conflicts Reactions to 2010s events