Insulin glulisine is a rapid-acting

modified Modified may refer to: * ''Modified'' (album), the second full-length album by Save Ferris *Modified racing, or "Modifieds", an American automobile racing genre See also * Modification (disambiguation) * Modifier (disambiguation) Modifier may re ...

form of medical insulin that differs from human

insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism ...

in that the amino acid

asparagine Asparagine (symbol Asn or N) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the depro ...

at position B3 is replaced by

lysine Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated − ...

and the lysine in position B29 is replaced by

glutamic acid Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the ionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synt ...

. It was developed by

Sanofi-Aventis Sanofi S.A. is a French multinational pharmaceutical and healthcare company headquartered in Paris, France. Originally, the corporation was established in 1973 and merged with Synthélabo in 1999 to form Sanofi-Synthélabo. In 2004, Sanofi-Syn ...

and approved for marketing by the FDA in 2004; it is sold under the trade name Apidra. When injected subcutaneously, it appears in the blood earlier than human insulin. When used as a meal time insulin, the dose is to be administered within 15 minutes before or 20 minutes after starting a meal. Intravenous injections may also be used for extreme hyperglycemia, but must be performed under the supervision of a medical professional. The most common side effects include hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose levels).

Medical uses

Insulin glulisine is

indicated In medicine, an indication is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery. There can be multiple indications to use a procedure or medication. An indication can commonly be confused with the term diagnosis. A diagnosi ...

for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

References

External links

* Insulin receptor agonists Insulin therapies Sanofi {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub