History
The fast reactor related research in India, originated at BARC, Mumbai. Later, RRC was established at Kalpakkam with the same mandate. The Central Workshop, Safety Research Laboratory and Materials Sciences Laboratory were constructed in 1975–1976. Soon, the Radio-Chemistry Lab and Electronics and Instrumentation Lab were constructed. The centre houses a Fast Breeder Test Reactor (List of directors
* Paranjpe: * Placid Rodriguez: 1 December 1992 – 31 October 2000 * S. B. Boje: 1 November 2000 – 31 April 2004 * Baldev Raj: 1 May 2004 – 30 April 2011 * S. C. Chetal: 1 May 2011 – 31 January 2013 * P. R. Vasudeva Rao: 1 February 2013 – 31 August 2015 * S. A. V. Satya Murty: 1 September 2015 – 31 June 2016 * A. K. Bhaduri: 1 July 2016– 31st August 2021 *B. Venkatraman: 1 September 2021 - presentCommercial reactors
The facility houses two PHWRs that generate 220MWe each that operate for commercial purposes. These are managed independently by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India.Research reactors
There are three research reactors at IGCAR. *Reprocessing plant
The Kalpakkam Atomic Reprocessing Plant ARPfacility has been estimated to have a capacity to reprocess 100 tonnes of spent fuelFast reactor fuel reprocessing at IGCAR
Reprocessing Development Laboratory was designed in early seventies and the commissioning of inactive facilities was carried out in 1976. The plutonium handling facilities were cleared for operation in 1980. The reprocessing of irradiated thorium rods which was carried out during the period 1989 to 1992 in the concrete shielded cells, was the first major radioactive operation. The U-233 recovered during the operation was used in fabricating the fuel for the KAlpakkam MINI reactor (KAMINI). U-233 was also useful for the fuel development programme for carrying out the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor test fuel irradiation experiments in Fast Breeder Test Reactor. Apart from this, the operation aided in validating the equipment and design of system as well as the manpower training. Later a hot cell facility for reprocessing of Fast Breeder Test Reactor fuel was conceived which had the necessary features for delivering the product with all the uncertainties in the dissolution of irradiated fuel and process flowsheet. Added to this was the need for the deployment of the yet to be proven designs of centrifuge and centrifugal extractors without which the success of the PUREX process for fast reactor fuel reprocessing would be doubtful. With these minimal inputs, the hot cell facility, Lead Mini Cell (LMC) was created, which was later rechristened as CORAL (COmpact Reprocessing facility for Advanced fuels in Lead cells). Based on the dissolution experiments carried out on unirradiated single pellets and systematic studies related to the third phase formation, the flow sheet, prepared earlier for the oxide fuel was modified.Activities
Chemistry Group: Presently there are 4 subdivisions: Fuel Chemistry Division (FChD), Materials Chemistry Division (MCD), and Chemical Facilities Division (CFD). Facilities include Far-IR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, Fluorimeter RF-5000, Impedance Spectrometer and Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), Alpha Spectrometer, Liquid Scintillation Counter, High Purity Germanium Detector, Neutron Counter ED-XRF, HPLC, SFC, Ion Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, etc. Among various achievements of the Group, Radioisotope production for medicinal importance is the ongoing important projects and has societal impact. Electronics, Instrumentation and Radiological Safety Group: Electronics, Instrumentation and Radiological Safety Group consists of Instrumentation & Control Group and Radiological Safety & Environmental Group, Computer Division and Security Electronics Section. Major activities of this group include: * Development of Full Scope, Replica type PFBR Operator Training Simulator, providing & management of Computing & Data Communication Facilities * Design & Development of Electronic Instrumentation & Control systems for Nuclear Reactors. * Design & Development of Innovative Instruments at low cost. * Carryout Research and Services in Radiological Safety, Quality Assurance and Environmental Safety Engineering Services Group: Includes Central Workshop, Electrical Services and Civil Engineering Section. Fast Reactor Technology Group: Some activities include * Operation of Large Component Test Rig for sodium testing of critical PFBR components such as Transfer Arm, Inclined Fuel Transfer Machine, Failed Fuel Location Modules and Absorber Rod Drive Mechanisms (ARDMs). * Testing of 5.5MWt 19 tube model PFBR Steam Generator (SG) in Steam generator test Facility to optimise the design of Steam Generator for FBRs * Sodium water reaction studies in SOWART rig to assess the damage on SG materials on sodium water reaction, performance evaluation PFBR of sodium leak detectors in LEENA facility, Simulation of thermal transients and evaluation of its effects on critical reactor components in Thermal Shock Test Facility * Experiments in SADHANA facility simulating passive decay heat removal of PFBR SGDHR system. * Development and testing of fast reactor components in air, water and sodium * Carrying out experiments in water for design qualification and validation of thermal hydraulics codes * Hydraulic testing of Subassembly and Core components for FBR. * Vibration and noise analysis of fast reactor components * Design, development and Analysis of various types of Electromagnetic devices used in FBR’s * Development of High Flux Rod heaters and high watt density immersion heaters for liquid sodium heating * Testing of FFLM and core flow monitoring mechanisms * Design and development of Integrated Cold Trap and Integrated Plugging Indicator for future FBR’s * Development and fabrication of sodium sensors for level, flow and leak detection * Development of Under Sodium Ultra Sonic scanner for under sodium viewing in FBR’s * Process development of boron and separation technologies * Setting up of Ambient Temperature Electro Refiner (ATER) facility * Flow induced vibration testing of 7 Subassembly cluster Metallurgy and Materials Group: This group works consists of the Materials Science Group: This group consists of * Material Physics Division * Surface and Nano-Science Division * Condensed Matter Physics Division * SQUID MEG Project Nuclear & Safety Engineering Group: The objectives of the N&SEG are * To study the Radiological and Engineering Safety in Fast Breeder Reactor Systems and related Fuel Cycle Facilities * Radiological Monitoring and Health Physics Programme in different Radioactive Facilities at IGCAR * To carry out Industrial Safety Surveillance in all the facilities of the Centre * To study the Environmental Aspects Reactor Engineering Group Reactor Operation & Maintenance Group: The Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), the flagship of this centre and Kalpakkam Mini Reactor (KAMINI) come under this group. Reactor Operation and Maintenance Group consists of Reactor Operation Division (ROD), Reactor Maintenance Division (RMD), Technical Services Division (TSD) and Training & Human Resources Development Division (THRDD). Quality Assurance and Industrial Safety Section (QA&IS) and Liaison Cell are also coming under this group. Operation and maintenance of both FBTR & KAMINI reactors, planning and conducting irradiation programmes, reactor physics tests and engineering tests, manpower planning & training for FBTR and PFBR ( BHAVINI), maintenance of chemical parameters of the coolants, periodic safety revaluation are carried out by ROMG. Reprocessing Group: It is pursuing research and development of equipment and processes. It is also running a pilot plant for FBTR Fuel processing, constructing demo plant for FBTR and PFBR fuel reprocessing and designing the PFBR reprocessing plant. Fast Reactor Fuel Cycle Facility Strategic & Human Resources Planning SectionStaff
The Centre has a staff strength of 2514 including 1243 Engineers and Scientists.Budget
The annual outlay of the Centre is around 8450 Million INR towards its Research & Development activities and plan.Collaborations
The interaction with IIT-M started in 1995 through two collaborative projects, which were initiated with late Dr. R.S. Alwar, eminent professor in Applied Mechanics. The first project was on simulation of thermal shock on the control plug mockup and the second was on simulation of thermal striping in the core structure. An MoU was established on 19 July 1997 for the formation of ‘IGCAR- IITM Cell’ with Prof. R. Natarajan (then Director, IIT-M) as chairman and late Dr. Placid Rodriguez as Co-Chairman. Prof. K.V.S. Rama Rao was Dean, ICSR during that period. In the first cell meeting held on 26 February 1997, seven projects were identified. Based on the decisions taken in the meeting, four projects with a funding to the tune of eighty eight lakhs were sanctioned. In the past thirteen years, twenty five meetings of the IGCAR-IITM cell have been conducted. Already twenty nine projects have been completed with the funds to the tune of 40.5 million and fifteen projects are in progress with a funding of 34 million. Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, has entered into a collaboration with the IIT Kharagpur to carry out research related to the design and development of Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs). A dedicated IGCAR-IITKGP R&D cell has been set up in the premises of IIT Kharagpur under the Advanced Technology Development Centre's Structural Reliability Research Facility of IIT KGP.Training school
IGCAR has a BARC Training School where young science post graduates and engineering graduates are trained in multiple disciplines for a period of one year.References
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