This collection of lists of law topics collects the names of topics related to

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

. Everything related to law, even quite remotely, should be included on the alphabetical list, and on the appropriate topic lists. All links on topical lists should also appear in the main alphabetical listing. The process of creating lists is ongoing – these lists are neither complete nor up-to-date – if you see an article that should be listed but is not (or one that shouldn't be listed as legal but is), please update the lists accordingly. You may also want to include Wikiproject Law talk page banners on the relevant pages.

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a posteriori ("from the earlier") and ("from the later") are Latin phrases used in philosophy to distinguish types of knowledge, justification, or argument by their reliance on empirical evidence or experience. knowledge is independent from current ex ...

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ab extra A number of Latin terms are used in legal terminology and legal maxims. This is a partial list of these terms, which are wholly or substantially drawn from Latin. __TOC__ Common law Civil law Ecclesiastical law See also * ...

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ab initio ''Ab initio'' ( ) is a Latin term meaning "from the beginning" and is derived from the Latin ''ab'' ("from") + ''initio'', ablative singular of ''initium'' ("beginning"). Etymology Circa 1600, from Latin, literally "from the beginning", from ab ...

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Abandoned property Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property are categories of the common law of property which deals with personal property or chattel which has left the possession of its rightful owner without having directly entered the possession of another person. ...

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Abandonment (legal) In law, abandonment is the relinquishment, giving up or renunciation of an interest, claim, civil proceedings, appeal, privilege, possession, or right, especially with the intent of never again resuming or reasserting it. Such intentional act ...

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Abduction Abduction may refer to: Media Film and television * "Abduction" (''The Outer Limits''), a 2001 television episode * " Abduction" (''Death Note'') a Japanese animation television series * " Abductions" (''Totally Spies!''), a 2002 episode of an ...

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Abet The ABET (incorporated as the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.) is a non-governmental organization that accredits post-secondary education programs in applied and natural sciences, computing, engineering and engineering ...

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Abeyance Abeyance (from the Old French ''abeance'' meaning "gaping") is a state of expectancy in respect of property Property is a system of rights that gives people legal control of valuable things, and also refers to the valuable things themselves. ...

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Abolitionism in the United States In the United States, abolitionism, the movement that sought to end slavery in the country, was active from the late colonial era until the American Civil War, the end of which brought about the abolition of American slavery through the Th ...

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Abolitionism Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery. In Western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism was a historic movement that sought to end the Atlantic slave trade and liberate the enslaved people. The Britis ...

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Abortion Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus. An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage or "spontaneous abortion"; these occur in approximately 30% to 40% of pre ...

– Abortion, legal and moral issues – Abrogate –

Abstention doctrine An abstention doctrine is any of several doctrines that a United States court may (or in some cases must) apply to refuse to hear a case if hearing the case would potentially intrude upon the powers of another court. Such doctrines are usually invo ...

– Abstract – Abstract of judgment –

Abstract of title A property abstract is a summary of the legal documents that chronicle transactions associated with a particular parcel of land. Generally included are references to deeds, mortgages, wills, probate records, court litigations, and tax sales— ...

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Abuse of discretion Discretion has the meaning of acting on one's own authority and judgment. In law, discretion as to legal rulings, such as whether evidence is excluded at a trial, may be exercised by a judge. Some view discretion negatively, while some view it ...

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Abuse of process An abuse of process is the unjustified or unreasonable use of legal proceedings or process to further a cause of action by an applicant or plaintiff in an action. It is a claim made by the respondent or defendant that the other party is misusing ...

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Abut Premises are land and buildings together considered as a property. This usage arose from property owners finding the word in their title deeds, where it originally correctly meant "the aforementioned; what this document is about", from Latin ''pra ...

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Acceleration (law) Acceleration is defined in law as a shortening of the time period in which something is to take place. The concept of acceleration most often arises within the context of contract law. An acceleration clause, also known as an acceleration covenan ...

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Accept Accept may refer to: * Acceptance, a person's assent to the reality of a situation etc. * Accept (band), a German heavy metal band ** ''Accept'' (Accept album), their debut album from 1979 * ''Accept'' (Chicken Shack album), 1970 * ACCEPT (org ...

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Acceptance Acceptance in human psychology is a person's assent to the reality of a situation, recognizing a process or condition (often a negative or uncomfortable situation) without attempting to change it or protest it. The concept is close in meaning to ...

– Acceptance of service – Accessory – Accommodation –

Accomplice Under the English common law, an accomplice is a person who actively participates in the commission of a crime, even if they take no part in the actual criminal offense. For example, in a bank robbery, the person who points the gun at the telle ...

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Accord and satisfaction Accord and satisfaction is a contract law concept about the purchase of the release from a debt obligation. It is one of the methods by which parties to a contract may terminate their agreement. The release is completed by the transfer of valuable ...

– Account stated –

Accountability Accountability, in terms of ethics and governance, is equated with answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and the expectation of account-giving. As in an aspect of governance, it has been central to discussions related to problems in the pub ...

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Accounting period An accounting period, in bookkeeping, is the period with reference to which management accounts and financial statements are prepared. In management accounting the accounting period varies widely and is determined by management. Monthly accoun ...

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Accounts payable Accounts payable (AP) is money owed by a business to its suppliers shown as a liability on a company's balance sheet. It is distinct from notes payable liabilities, which are debts created by formal legal instrument documents. An accounts payabl ...

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Accounts receivable Accounts receivable, abbreviated as AR or A/R, are legally enforceable claims for payment held by a business for goods supplied or services rendered that customers have ordered but not paid for. These are generally in the form of invoices raised ...

– Accrue –

Accusation An accusation is a statement by one person asserting that another person or entity has done something improper. The person who makes the accusation is an accuser, while the subject against whom it is made is the accused. Whether a statement is i ...

– Accused – Acknowledge – Acknowledgement of service – Acknowledgment –

Acquis The Community acquis or ''acquis communautaire'' (; ), sometimes called the EU acquis and often shortened to acquis, is the accumulated legislation, legal acts and court decisions that constitute the body of European Union law that came into b ...

– Acquit –

Acquittal In common law jurisdictions, an acquittal certifies that the accused is free from the charge of an offense, as far as criminal law is concerned. The finality of an acquittal is dependent on the jurisdiction. In some countries, such as the ...

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Act of God In legal usage in the English-speaking world, an act of God is a natural hazard outside human control, such as an earthquake or tsunami, for which no person can be held responsible. An act of God may amount to an exception to liability in co ...

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Act of Parliament Acts of Parliament, sometimes referred to as primary legislation, are texts of law passed by the legislative body of a jurisdiction (often a parliament or council). In most countries with a parliamentary system of government, acts of parliame ...

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Action Action may refer to: * Action (narrative), a literary mode * Action fiction, a type of genre fiction * Action game, a genre of video game Film * Action film, a genre of film * ''Action'' (1921 film), a film by John Ford * ''Action'' (1980 fil ...

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Actual controversy The Supreme Court of the United States has interpreted the Case or Controversy Clause of Article III of the United States Constitution (found in Art. III, Section 2, Clause 1) as embodying two distinct limitations on exercise of judicial review: ...

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Actual malice Actual malice in United States law is a legal requirement imposed upon public officials or public figures when they file suit for libel (defamatory printed communications). Compared to other individuals who are less well known to the general pu ...

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Actual notice Actual notice is a law term, used most frequently in civil procedure. It is notice (usually to a defendant in a civil proceeding) delivered in such a way as to give legally sufficient assurance that actual knowledge of the matter has been conveyed ...

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actus reus (), sometimes called the external element or the objective element of a crime, is the Law Latin term for the "guilty act" which, when proved beyond a reasonable doubt in combination with the ("guilty mind"), produces criminal liability in t ...

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ad colligenda bona ''Ad colligenda bona'' is a Latin phrase that approximately translates as "to collect the goods". In cases involving something ''quid pro quo'', a prosecutor may be eligible for certain goods. Or, if specific items i.e. estate are unclaimable, th ...

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ad hoc Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning literally 'to this'. In English, it typically signifies a solution for a specific purpose, problem, or task rather than a generalized solution adaptable to collateral instances. (Compare with ''a priori''.) Com ...

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ad idem Advertising is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service. Advertising aims to put a product or service in the spotlight in hopes of drawing it attention from consumers. It is typically used to promote a ...

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ad infinitum ''Ad infinitum'' is a Latin phrase meaning "to infinity" or "forevermore". Description In context, it usually means "continue forever, without limit" and this can be used to describe a non-terminating process, a non-terminating ''repeating'' pr ...

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ad litem ''Ad litem'' (Latin: "for the suit") is a term used in law to refer to the appointment by a court of one party to act in a lawsuit on behalf of another party such as a child or an incapacitated adult, who is deemed incapable of representing them ...

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ad quod damnum ''Ad quod damnum'' or ''ad damnum'' is a Latin phrase meaning "according to the harm" or "appropriate to the harm". It is used in tort law as a measure of damage inflicted, and implying a remedy, if one exists, ought to correspond specifically a ...

'' – '' ad seriatim'' – ''

ad valorem An ''ad valorem'' tax (Latin for "according to value") is a tax whose amount is based on the value of a transaction or of property. It is typically imposed at the time of a transaction, as in the case of a sales tax or value-added tax (VAT). An ...

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Addendum An addendum or appendix, in general, is an addition required to be made to a document by its author subsequent to its printing or publication. It comes from the gerundive , plural , "that which is to be added," from (, compare with memorandum ...

– Adeem –

Ademption Ademption, or ademption by extinction, is a common law doctrine used in the law of wills to determine what happens when property bequeathed under a will is no longer in the testator's estate at the time of the testator's death. For a devis ...

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Adequate remedy An adequate remedy or adequate remedy at law is part of a legal remedy (either court-ordered or negotiated between the litigants) which the court deems satisfactory, without recourse to an equitable remedy''Complete Digest of All Lawyers Report ...

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Adhesion contract A standard form contract (sometimes referred to as a ''contract of adhesion,'' a ''leonine contract'', a ''take-it-or-leave-it contract'', or a '' boilerplate contract'') is a contract between two parties, where the terms and conditions of the co ...

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Adjourn In parliamentary procedure, an adjournment ends a meeting. It could be done using a motion to adjourn. A time for another meeting could be set using the motion to fix the time to which to adjourn. This motion establishes an adjourned meeting. ...

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Adjournment sine die Adjournment ''sine die'' (from Latin "without a day") is the conclusion of a meeting by a deliberative assembly, such as a legislature or organizational board, without setting a day to reconvene. The assembly can reconvene, either in its pres ...

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Adjournment in contemplation of dismissal In criminal procedure, an adjournment in contemplation of dismissal (ACD or ACOD) allows a court to defer the disposition of a defendant's case, with the potential that the defendant's charge will be dismissed if the defendant does not engage in add ...

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Adjudication Adjudication is the legal process by which an arbiter or judge reviews evidence and argumentation, including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants, to come to a decision which determines rights and obligations between the p ...

– Adjusted basis – Adjuster – Administer –

Administration Administration may refer to: Management of organizations * Management, the act of directing people towards accomplishing a goal ** Administrative Assistant, traditionally known as a Secretary, or also known as an administrative officer, admini ...

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administration order As a legal concept, administration is a procedure under the insolvency laws of a number of common law jurisdictions, similar to bankruptcy in the United States. It functions as a rescue mechanism for insolvent entities and allows them to carry on ...

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Administrative hearing In law, a hearing is a proceeding before a court or other decision-making body or officer, such as a government agency or a legislative committee. Description A hearing is generally distinguished from a trial in that it is usually shorter and o ...

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Administrative law Administrative law is the division of law that governs the activities of executive branch agencies of government. Administrative law concerns executive branch rule making (executive branch rules are generally referred to as " regulations"), ...

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Administrative law judge An administrative law judge (ALJ) in the United States is a judge and trier of fact who both presides over trials and adjudicates claims or disputes involving administrative law. ALJs can administer oaths, take testimony, rule on questions of evi ...

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Administrative Procedure Act (Japan) The , enacted in 1993, governs general functions of government agencies in Japan. Chapters # General Provisions # Dispositions Upon Applications: Requires administrative agencies to implement concrete standards of review and indicate processing ti ...

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Administrative Procedure Act (United States) The Administrative Procedure Act (APA), , is the United States federal statute that governs the way in which administrative agencies of the federal government of the United States may propose and establish regulations and it grants U.S. federal ...

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Administrator Administrator or admin may refer to: Job roles Computing and internet * Database administrator, a person who is responsible for the environmental aspects of a database * Forum administrator, one who oversees discussions on an Internet forum * N ...

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– Admiralty actions –

Admiralty court Admiralty courts, also known as maritime courts, are courts exercising jurisdiction over all maritime contracts, torts, injuries, and offences. Admiralty courts in the United Kingdom England and Wales Scotland The Scottish court's earliest ...

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Admiralty law Admiralty law or maritime law is a body of law that governs nautical issues and private maritime disputes. Admiralty law consists of both domestic law on maritime activities, and private international law governing the relationships between priv ...

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Admissible evidence Admissible evidence, in a court of law, is any testimonial, documentary, or tangible evidence that may be introduced to a factfinder—usually a judge or jury—to establish or to bolster a point put forth by a party to the proceeding. For ...

– Admission against interest – Admission of evidence –

Admission (law) An admission in the law of evidence is a prior statement by an adverse party which can be admitted into evidence over a hearsay objection. In general, admissions are admissible in criminal and civil cases. At common law, admissions were admis ...

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Admission to the bar An admission to practice law is acquired when a lawyer receives a license to practice law. In jurisdictions with two types of lawyer, as with barristers and solicitors, barristers must gain admission to the bar whereas for solicitors there are dist ...

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Adopt Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from ...

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Adoption Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, fro ...

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Adultery Adultery (from Latin ''adulterium'') is extramarital sex that is considered objectionable on social, religious, moral, or legal grounds. Although the sexual activities that constitute adultery vary, as well as the social, religious, and legal ...

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Adversary system The adversarial system or adversary system is a legal system used in the common law countries where two advocates represent their parties' case or position before an impartial person or group of people, usually a judge or jury, who attempt to det ...

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Adverse Adverse or adverse interest, in law, is anything that functions contrary to a party's interest. This word should not be confused with averse. Adverse possession In property law, adverse possession refers to an interest in real property which is ...

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Adverse party An adverse party is an opposing party in a lawsuit under an adversary system of law. In general, an adverse party is a party against whom judgment is sought or "a party interested in sustaining a judgment or decree." For example, the adverse party ...

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Adverse possession Adverse possession, sometimes colloquially described as "squatter's rights", is a legal principle in the Anglo-American common law under which a person who does not have legal title to a piece of property—usually land ( real property)—ma ...

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Adverse witness A hostile witness, also known as an adverse witness or an unfavorable witness, is a witness at trial whose testimony on direct examination is either openly antagonistic or appears to be contrary to the legal position of the party who called th ...

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Advisory opinion An advisory opinion is an opinion issued by a court or a commission like an election commission that does not have the effect of adjudicating a specific legal case, but merely advises on the constitutionality or interpretation of a law. Some co ...

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Advocate An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries' legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However ...

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Affiant An ( ; Medieval Latin for "he has declared under oath") is a written statement voluntarily made by an ''affiant'' or '' deponent'' under an oath or affirmation which is administered by a person who is authorized to do so by law. Such a statem ...

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Affidavit An ( ; Medieval Latin for "he has declared under oath") is a written statement voluntarily made by an ''affiant'' or '' deponent'' under an oath or affirmation which is administered by a person who is authorized to do so by law. Such a stateme ...

– Affirm – Affirmative action –

Affirmative defense An affirmative defense to a civil lawsuit or criminal charge is a fact or set of facts other than those alleged by the plaintiff or prosecutor which, if proven by the defendant, defeats or mitigates the legal consequences of the defendant's ...

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Affix In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. Affixes may be derivational, like English ''-ness'' and ''pre-'', or inflectional, like English plural ''-s'' and past tense ''-ed''. They ...

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Affreightment Affreightment (from freight) is a legal term relating to shipping. A ''contract of affreightment'' is a contract between a '' ship-owner'' and a charterer, in which the ship-owner agrees to carry goods for the charterer in the ship, ''or'' to ...

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After-acquired property After-acquired property has multiple meanings in law. Real property In other areas of law The term "after-acquired property" also arises in the context of bankruptcy, secured transactions, and the law of wills. In this context, "after-acquired ...

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Age of consent The age of consent is the age at which a person is considered to be legally competent to consent to sexual acts. Consequently, an adult who engages in sexual activity with a person younger than the age of consent is unable to legally cla ...

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Age of majority The age of majority is the threshold of legal adulthood as recognized or declared in law. It is the moment when minors cease to be considered such and assume legal control over their persons, actions, and decisions, thus terminating the contr ...

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Agency Agency may refer to: Organizations * Institution, governmental or others ** Advertising agency or marketing agency, a service business dedicated to creating, planning and handling advertising for its clients ** Employment agency, a business that ...

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Agency agreement An agency agreement is a legal contract creating a fiduciary relationship whereby the first party ("the principal") agrees that the actions of a second party ("the agent") binds the principal to later agreements made by the agent as if the princi ...

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Agent Agent may refer to: Espionage, investigation, and law *, spies or intelligence officers * Law of agency, laws involving a person authorized to act on behalf of another ** Agent of record, a person with a contractual agreement with an insuranc ...

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Aggravated assault An assault is the act of committing physical harm or unwanted physical contact upon a person or, in some specific legal definitions, a threat or attempt to commit such an action. It is both a crime and a tort and, therefore, may result in cri ...

– Agreed statement –

Aid and abet Aiding and abetting is a legal doctrine related to the guilt of someone who aids or abets (encourages, incites) another person in the commission of a crime (or in another's suicide). It exists in a number of different countries and generally al ...

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Aleatory Aleatoricism or aleatorism, the noun associated with the adjectival aleatory and aleatoric, is a term popularised by the musical composer Pierre Boulez, but also Witold Lutosławski and Franco Evangelisti, for compositions resulting from "action ...

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Alias Alias may refer to: * Pseudonym * Pen name * Nickname Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''Alias'' (2013 film), a 2013 Canadian documentary film * ''Alias'' (TV series), an American action thriller series 2001–2006 * ''Alias the J ...

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Alibi An alibi (from the Latin, '' alibī'', meaning "somewhere else") is a statement by a person, who is a possible perpetrator of a crime, of where they were at the time a particular offence was committed, which is somewhere other than where the crim ...

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Alien Alien primarily refers to: * Alien (law), a person in a country who is not a national of that country ** Enemy alien, the above in times of war * Extraterrestrial life, life which does not originate from Earth ** Specifically, intelligent extrater ...

– Alienation –

Alienation of affections Alienation of affections is a common law tort, abolished in many jurisdictions. Where it still exists, an action is brought by a spouse against a third party alleged to be responsible for damaging the marriage, most often resulting in divorce. The ...

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Alimony Alimony, also called aliment (Scotland), maintenance (England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada, New Zealand), spousal support (U.S., Canada) and spouse maintenance (Australia), is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial sup ...

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Allegation In law, an allegation is a claim of an unproven fact by a party in a pleading, charge, or defense. Until they can be proved, allegations remain merely assertions.

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Allege In law, an allegation is a claim of an unproven fact by a party in a pleading, charge, or defense. Until they can be proved, allegations remain merely assertions.

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Allocatur In law, ''allocatur'' (from med. Lat. ''allocatur'', "it is allowed") refers to the allowance of a writ or other pleading.Henry Campbell Black, ''Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition)'' (1910), p. 60. It may also designate a certificate given by ...

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Allodial Allodial title constitutes ownership of real property (land, buildings, and fixtures) that is independent of any superior landlord. Allodial title is related to the concept of land held "in allodium", or land ownership by occupancy and defens ...

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Alluvion Alluvion, is a Roman law method of acquisition of heritable property (land). The typical cause is sediment (alluvium) deposited by a river. This sediment, legally termed ''the accessory, accreses'' (i.e., merges with) a piece of land, the principal, ...

– Alodium – ''

alter ego An alter ego (Latin for "other I", "doppelgänger") means an alternate self, which is believed to be distinct from a person's normal or true original personality. Finding one's alter ego will require finding one's other self, one with a different ...

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Alternate director An alternate director is an individual who is appointed to attend a board meeting on behalf of the director of a company A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mix ...

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Alternative dispute resolution Alternative dispute resolution (ADR), or external dispute resolution (EDR), typically denotes a wide range of dispute resolution processes and techniques that parties can use to settle disputes with the help of a third party. They are used for ...

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Alternative Minimum Tax The alternative minimum tax (AMT) is a tax imposed by the United States federal government in addition to the regular income tax for certain individuals, estates, and trusts. As of tax year 2018, the AMT raises about $5.2 billion, or 0.4% of all ...

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Alternative pleading Alternative pleading (or pleading in the alternative) is the legal term in the law of the United States for a form of pleading that permits a party in a court action to argue multiple possibilities that may be mutually exclusive by making use of le ...

– ALWD Citation Manual –

Ambiguity Ambiguity is the type of meaning in which a phrase, statement or resolution is not explicitly defined, making several interpretations plausible. A common aspect of ambiguity is uncertainty. It is thus an attribute of any idea or statement ...

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Ambulance chasing Ambulance chasing, also known as capping, is a term which refers to a lawyer soliciting for clients at a disaster site. The term "ambulance chasing" comes from the stereotype of lawyers who follow ambulances to the emergency room to find clients. ...

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Amelioration Act 1798 The Amelioration Act 1798Leeward Islands Act No. 36, vol. 1., The Laws of the Island of Antigua Consisting of the Acts of the Leeward Islands, 1690–1798, and Acts of Antigua, 1668–1845 (London: Samuel Bagster, 1805–46) (sometimes referred ...

– Amended complaint – Amended pleading –

American Academy of Appellate Lawyers The American Academy of Appellate Lawyers is a non-profit organization consisting of the Fellows who have been elected to the Academy. It was founded in 1990 and incorporated as a 501(c)(3) in 1991. Its mission is to "advance the highest standards ...

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American Arbitration Association The American Arbitration Association (AAA) is a not-for-profit organization in the field of alternative dispute resolution, providing services to individuals and organizations who wish to resolve conflicts out of court, and one of several arbitrat ...

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American Bar Association The American Bar Association (ABA) is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students, which is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States. Founded in 1878, the ABA's most important stated activities are the setting of aca ...

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American Civil Liberties Union The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1920 "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States". T ...

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American Civil Rights Movement The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized institutional racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement throughout the United ...

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American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, also known as the Bogota Declaration, was the world's first international human rights instrument of a general nature, predating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by less than a y ...

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American Depositary Receipt An American depositary receipt (ADR, and sometimes spelled ''depository'') is a negotiable security that represents securities of a foreign company and allows that company's shares to trade in the U.S. financial markets. Shares of many non-U.S ...

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American Law Institute The American Law Institute (ALI) is a research and advocacy group of judges, lawyers, and legal scholars established in 1923 to promote the clarification and simplification of United States common law and its adaptation to changing social needs ...

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amicus curiae An ''amicus curiae'' (; ) is an individual or organization who is not a party to a legal case, but who is permitted to assist a court by offering information, expertise, or insight that has a bearing on the issues in the case. The decision o ...

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Amnesty Amnesty (from the Ancient Greek ἀμνηστία, ''amnestia'', "forgetfulness, passing over") is defined as "A pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power offici ...

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Amnesty International Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says it has more than ten million members and s ...

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An eye for an eye "An eye for an eye" ( hbo, עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן, ) is a commandment found in the Book of Exodus 21:23–27 expressing the principle of reciprocal justice measure for measure. The principle exists also in Babylonian law. In Roman c ...

– Ancillary administration –

Ancillary jurisdiction Supplemental jurisdiction, also sometimes known as ancillary jurisdiction or pendent jurisdiction, is the authority of United States federal courts to hear additional claims substantially related to the original claim even though the court would la ...

– Ancillary relief –

Animal rights Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all sentient animals have moral worth that is independent of their utility for humans, and that their most basic interests—such as avoiding suffering—should be afforded the s ...

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Animal rights by country or territory Animal rights vary greatly among countries and territories. Such laws range from the legal recognition of non-human animal sentience to the absolute lack of any anti-cruelty laws, with no regard for animal welfare. As of November 2019, 32 cou ...

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Animal law Animal law is a combination of statutory and case law in which the nature legal, social or biological of nonhuman animals is an important factor. Animal law encompasses companion animals, wildlife, animals used in entertainment and animals raised ...

– Animal Law Review –

Animal Legal Defense Fund The Animal Legal Defense Fund is an animal law advocacy organization. Its stated mission is to protect the lives and advance the interests of animals through the legal system. It accomplishes this by filing high-impact lawsuits to protect an ...

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Animal trial In legal history, an animal trial was the criminal trial of a non-human animal. Such trials are recorded as having taken place in Europe from the thirteenth century until the eighteenth. In modern times, it is considered in most criminal just ...

– Animal Welfare Act of 1966 – ''

animus nocendi In jurisprudence, () is the subjective state of mind of the perpetrator of a crime, with reference to the exact knowledge of illegal content of his behaviour, and of its possible consequences. In most modern legal systems, the is required a ...

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Animus revertendi Animus may refer to: Philosophy * Anima and animus, Jungian concepts * The ancient Roman concept of ''animus'' or soul * ''Animus'' (journal), an electronic journal of philosophy and humanities Music * "Animus", a track on the album '' Music ...

'' – annual general meeting –

Annul Annulment is a legal procedure within secular and religious legal systems for declaring a marriage null and void. Unlike divorce, it is usually retroactive, meaning that an annulled marriage is considered to be invalid from the beginning almost ...

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Annulment Annulment is a legal procedure within secular and religious legal systems for declaring a marriage null and void. Unlike divorce, it is usually retroactive, meaning that an annulled marriage is considered to be invalid from the beginning al ...

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Anomie In sociology, anomie () is a social condition defined by an uprooting or breakdown of any moral values, standards or guidance for individuals to follow. Anomie is believed to possibly evolve from conflict of belief systems and causes breakdow ...

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Answer (law) In law, an answer was originally a solemn assertion in opposition to someone or something, and thus generally any counter-statement or defense, a reply to a question or response, or objection, or a correct solution of a problem. In the commo ...

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Antecedent (law) Antecedents are the life history and previous convictions of a defendant in a criminal case. They are colloquially known as "previous convictions" (or simply "previous") in the United Kingdom and "prior convictions" (or simply "priors") in the Unit ...

– Antenuptial (prenuptial) agreement – '' Antejuramentum'' – Anticipatory breach – Antidisestablishmentarianism –

Antinomianism Antinomianism (Ancient Greek: ἀντί 'anti''"against" and νόμος 'nomos''"law") is any view which rejects laws or legalism and argues against moral, religious or social norms (Latin: mores), or is at least considered to do so. The term ha ...

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Antitrust Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement. It is also known as antitrust ...

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Antitrust laws Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement. It is also known as antitrust ...

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Apartheid Apartheid (, especially South African English: , ; , "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Apartheid was ...

– Ape personhood –

Apparent authority In the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and South Africa, apparent authority (also called "ostensible authority") relates to the doctrines of the law of agency. It is relevant particularly in corporate law and constitutional la ...

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Appeal In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed by a higher authority, where parties request a formal change to an official decision. Appeals function both as a process for error correction as well as a process of clarifying and ...

– Appeal bond –

Appeals court A court of appeals, also called a court of appeal, appellate court, appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In much of ...

– Appear –

Appellant In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed by a higher authority, where parties request a formal change to an official decision. Appeals function both as a process for error correction as well as a process of clarifying and ...

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Appellate court A court of appeals, also called a court of appeal, appellate court, appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In much of ...

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Appellate review In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed by a higher authority, where parties request a formal change to an official decision. Appeals function both as a process for error correction as well as a process of clarifying and ...

– Appellee –

Appraiser An appraiser (from Latin ''appretiare'', "to value"), is a person that develops an opinion of the market value or other value of a product, most notably real estate. The current definition of "appraiser" according to the Uniform Standards of Prof ...

– Appreciate – Appreciation –

Apprenticeship Apprenticeship is a system for training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeships can also enable practitioners to gain a ...

Approach the bench

Appurtenances An appurtenance is something subordinate to or belonging to another larger, principal entity, that is, an adjunct, satellite or accessory that generally accompanies something else.Appurtenant

Arbitrary Arbitrariness is the quality of being "determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason, or principle". It is also used to refer to a choice made without any specific criterion or restraint. Arbitrary decisions are not necess ...

Arbitration Arbitration is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) that resolves disputes outside the judiciary courts. The dispute will be decided by one or more persons (the 'arbitrators', 'arbiters' or 'arbitral tribunal'), which renders the ...

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Arbitration award An arbitration award (or arbitral award) is a determination on the merits by an arbitration tribunal in an arbitration, and is analogous to a judgment in a court of law. It is referred to as an 'award' even where all of the claimant's claims fail ( ...

– Arbitrator – ''

arguendo ''Arguendo'' is a Latin legal term meaning ''for the sake of argument''. "Assuming, ''arguendo'', that ..." and similar phrases are used in courtroom settings, academic legal settings, and occasionally in other domains, to designate provisional a ...

'' –

Argumentative In the American legal system, argumentative is an evidentiary objection raised in response to a question which prompts a witness to draw inferences from facts of the case. One common misconception is that argumentative questions are meant only t ...

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Arm's length The arm's length principle (ALP) is the condition or the fact that the parties of a transaction are independent and on an equal footing. Such a transaction is known as an "arm's-length transaction". It is used specifically in contract law to ar ...

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Arraign Arraignment is a formal reading of a criminal charging document in the presence of the defendant, to inform them of the charges against them. In response to arraignment, the accused is expected to enter a plea. Acceptable pleas vary among juri ...

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Arraignment Arraignment is a formal reading of a criminal charging document in the presence of the defendant, to inform them of the charges against them. In response to arraignment, the accused is expected to enter a plea. Acceptable pleas vary among jurisd ...

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Arrears Arrears (or arrearage) is a legal term for the part of a debt that is overdue after missing one or more required payments. The amount of the arrears is the amount accrued from the date on which the first missed payment was due. The term is usually ...

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Arrest An arrest is the act of apprehending and taking a person into custody (legal protection or control), usually because the person has been suspected of or observed committing a crime. After being taken into custody, the person can be questi ...

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Arrest warrant An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by a judge or magistrate on behalf of the state, which authorizes the arrest and detention of an individual, or the search and seizure of an individual's property. Canada Arrest warrants are issued by a ...

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Arson Arson is the crime of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property. Although the act of arson typically involves buildings, the term can also refer to the intentional burning of other things, such as motor vehicles, wate ...

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Article I and Article III tribunals Article often refers to: * Article (grammar), a grammatical element used to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness * Article (publishing), a piece of nonfictional prose that is an independent part of a publication Article may also refer to: G ...

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Articles of Association In corporate governance, a company's articles of association (AoA, called articles of incorporation in some jurisdictions) is a document which, along with the memorandum of association (in cases where it exists) form the company's constituti ...

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Articles of impeachment Impeachment in the United States is the process by which a legislature may bring charges against an officeholder for misconduct alleged to have been committed with a penalty of removal. Impeachment may also occur at the state level if the sta ...

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Articles of Incorporation Article often refers to: * Article (grammar), a grammatical element used to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness * Article (publishing), a piece of nonfictional prose that is an independent part of a publication Article may also refer to: ...

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Articles of War The Articles of War are a set of regulations drawn up to govern the conduct of a country's military and naval forces. The first known usage of the phrase is in Robert Monro's 1637 work ''His expedition with the worthy Scot's regiment called Mac- ...

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As is As is, when employed as a term with legal effect, is used to disclaim some implied warranties for an item being sold. Certain types of implied warranties must be specifically disclaimed, such as the implied warranty of title. "As is" denotes tha ...

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Asharite Ashʿarī theology or Ashʿarism (; ar, الأشعرية: ) is one of the main Sunnī schools of Islamic theology, founded by the Muslim scholar, Shāfiʿī jurist, reformer, and scholastic theologian Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī in the ...

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Assault An assault is the act of committing physical harm or unwanted physical contact upon a person or, in some specific legal definitions, a threat or attempt to commit such an action. It is both a crime and a tort and, therefore, may result in cr ...

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Asset In financial accounting, an asset is any resource owned or controlled by a business or an economic entity. It is anything (tangible or intangible) that can be used to produce positive economic value. Assets represent value of ownership that c ...

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Assignment (law) An assignment is a legal term used in the context of the law of contract and of property. In both instances, assignment is the process e whereby a person, the ''assignor'', transfers rights or benefits to another, the ''assignee''.For the assig ...

– Assigned risk –

Assignee An assignment is a legal term used in the context of the law of contract and of property. In both instances, assignment is the process e whereby a person, the ''assignor'', transfers rights or benefits to another, the ''assignee''.For the ass ...

– Assignment for benefit of creditors – Assigns – Assisted person –

Assize Court The courts of assize, or assizes (), were periodic courts held around England and Wales until 1972, when together with the quarter sessions they were abolished by the Courts Act 1971 and replaced by a single permanent Crown Court. The assizes e ...

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Associate justice Associate justice or associate judge (or simply associate) is a judicial panel member who is not the chief justice in some jurisdictions. The title "Associate Justice" is used for members of the Supreme Court of the United States and some sta ...

– Association – Assumption of risk –

Asylum and Immigration Tribunal The Asylum and Immigration Tribunal (AIT) was a tribunal constituted in the United Kingdom with jurisdiction to hear appeals from many immigration and asylum decisions. It was created on 4 April 2005, replacing the former Immigration Appellate A ...

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Asylum seeker An asylum seeker is a person who leaves their country of residence, enters another country and applies for asylum (i.e., international protection) in that other country. An asylum seeker is an immigrant who has been forcibly displaced and m ...

– At will –

At will employment In United States labor law, at-will employment is an employer's ability to dismiss an employee for any reason (that is, without having to establish " just cause" for termination), and without warning, as long as the reason is not illegal (e.g. fi ...

– Attachment –

Attachment of earnings Attachment of earnings is a legal process in civil litigation by which a defendant's wages or other earnings are taken to pay for a debt. This collections process is used in the common law system, especially Britain and the United States, but ...

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Attempt An attempt to commit a crime occurs if a criminal has an intent to commit a crime and takes a substantial step toward completing the crime, but for reasons not intended by the criminal, the final resulting crime does not occur.''Criminal Law - ...

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Attestation clause In the statutory law of wills and trusts, an attestation clause is a clause that is typically appended to a will, often just below the place of the testator's signature. United States In the United States, attestation clauses were introduced ...

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Attorney at law Attorney at law or attorney-at-law, usually abbreviated in everyday speech to attorney, is the preferred term for a practising lawyer in certain jurisdictions, including South Africa (for certain lawyers), Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the Un ...

(or attorney-at-law) –

Attorney general In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general or attorney-general (sometimes abbreviated AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. The plural is attorneys general. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have exec ...

– Attorney of record – Attorney's advertising –

Attorney's fee Attorney's fee is a chiefly United States term for compensation for legal services performed by an attorney ( lawyer or law firm) for a client, in or out of court. It may be an hourly, flat-rate or contingent fee. Recent studies suggest that whe ...

– Attorney's work product –

Attorney–client privilege Attorney–client privilege or lawyer–client privilege is the name given to the common law concept of legal professional privilege in the United States. Attorney–client privilege is " client's right to refuse to disclose and to prevent any ...

– Attorney-in-fact – Attractive nuisance doctrine –

Audit An audit is an "independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit oriented or not, irrespective of its size or legal form when such an examination is conducted with a view to express an opinion thereon.” Auditing ...

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Auditor An auditor is a person or a firm appointed by a company to execute an audit.Practical Auditing, Kul Narsingh Shrestha, 2012, Nabin Prakashan, Nepal To act as an auditor, a person should be certified by the regulatory authority of accounting and a ...

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Australian Constitution The Constitution of Australia (or Australian Constitution) is a constitutional document that is supreme law in Australia. It establishes Australia as a federation under a constitutional monarchy and outlines the structure and powers of the A ...

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Australian Constitutional history The Constitutional history of Australia is the history of Australia's foundational legal principles. Australia's legal origins as a nation state began in the colonial era, with its legal system reliant initially upon a legal fiction of terra nu ...

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Australian copyright law The copyright law of Australia defines the legally enforceable rights of creators of creative and artistic works under Australian law. The scope of copyright in Australia is defined in the ''Copyright Act 1968'' (as amended), which applies the ...

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Authorised share capital The authorised capital of a company sometimes referred to as the authorised share capital, registered capital or nominal capital, particularly in the United States) is the maximum amount of share capital that the company is authorised by its con ...

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Authoritarianism Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political ''status quo'', and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voti ...

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Authority In the fields of sociology and political science, authority is the legitimate power of a person or group over other people. In a civil state, ''authority'' is practiced in ways such a judicial branch or an executive branch of government.''T ...

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Authorize Authorization or authorisation (see spelling differences) is the function of specifying access rights/privileges to resources, which is related to general information security and computer security, and to access control in particular. More fo ...

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Automatic stay In United States bankruptcy law, an automatic stay is an automatic injunction that halts actions by creditors, with certain exceptions, to collect debts from a debtor who has declared bankruptcy. Under section 362 of the United States Bankruptcy ...

– Autrefois acquit – Avulsion –

Ayatollah Ayatollah ( ; fa, آیت‌الله, āyatollāh) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran and Iraq that came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Etymology The title is originally derived from Arabic word ...

B

B.C.L. Bachelor of Civil Law (abbreviated BCL, or B.C.L.; la, Baccalaureus Civilis Legis) is the name of various degrees in law conferred by English-language universities. The BCL originated as a postgraduate degree in the universities of Oxford and Camb ...

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Babylonian law Babylonian law is a subset of cuneiform law that has received particular study due to the large amount of archaeological material that has been found for it. So-called "contracts" exist in the thousands, including a great variety of deeds, co ...

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Bachelor of Civil Law Bachelor of Civil Law (abbreviated BCL, or B.C.L.; la, Baccalaureus Civilis Legis) is the name of various degrees in law conferred by English-language universities. The BCL originated as a postgraduate degree in the universities of Oxford and Cam ...

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Bachelor of Laws Bachelor of Laws ( la, Legum Baccalaureus; LL.B.) is an undergraduate law degree in the United Kingdom and most common law jurisdictions. Bachelor of Laws is also the name of the law degree awarded by universities in the People's Republic of Ch ...

– Bachelor of Legal Letters – Back-to-back life sentences –

Bad debt Bad debt, occasionally called uncollectible accounts expense, is a monetary amount owed to a creditor that is unlikely to be paid and for which the creditor is not willing to take action to collect for various reasons, often due to the debtor not ...

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Bad faith Bad faith (Latin: ''mala fides'') is a sustained form of deception which consists of entertaining or pretending to entertain one set of feelings while acting as if influenced by another."of two hearts ... a sustained form of deception which ...

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Bail Bail is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they will not hamper the judicial process. Bail is the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required. In some countrie ...

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Bail bond Bail is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they will not hamper the judicial process. Bail is the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required. In some countrie ...

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Bail bondsman Bail is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they will not hamper the judicial process. Bail is the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required. In some countries, ...

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Bail schedule Bail is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they will not hamper the judicial process. Bail is the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required. In some countries, ...

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Bailee Bailment is a legal relationship in common law, where the owner transfers physical possession of personal property ("chattel") for a time, but retains ownership. The owner who surrenders custody to a property is called the "bailor" and the in ...

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Bailiff A bailiff (from Middle English baillif, Old French ''baillis'', ''bail'' "custody") is a manager, overseer or custodian – a legal officer to whom some degree of authority or jurisdiction is given. Bailiffs are of various kinds and their o ...

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Bailment Bailment is a legal relationship in common law, where the owner transfers physical possession of personal property ("chattel") for a time, but retains ownership. The owner who surrenders custody to a property is called the "bailor" and the ind ...

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Bailor Bailment is a legal relationship in common law, where the owner transfers physical possession of personal property ("chattel") for a time, but retains ownership. The owner who surrenders custody to a property is called the "bailor" and the in ...

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Bait and switch Bait-and-switch is a form of fraud used in retail sales but also employed in other contexts. First, customers are "baited" by merchants' advertising products or services at a low price, but when customers visit the store, they discover that the a ...

– Balance due –

Balance sheet In financial accounting, a balance sheet (also known as statement of financial position or statement of financial condition) is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business ...

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Ban Ban, or BAN, may refer to: Law * Ban (law), a decree that prohibits something, sometimes a form of censorship, being denied from entering or using the place/item ** Imperial ban (''Reichsacht''), a form of outlawry in the medieval Holy Roman ...

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Bank A bank is a financial institution that accepts Deposit account, deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital m ...

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Bankrupt Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor ...

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Bankruptcy Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debto ...

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Bankruptcy court United States bankruptcy courts are courts created under Article I of the United States Constitution. The current system of bankruptcy courts was created by the United States Congress in 1978, effective April 1, 1984. United States bankruptcy c ...

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Bankruptcy proceedings Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor ...

– Bankruptcy remote –

Bar Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar * Chocolate bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud * Bar ( ...

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Bar association A bar association is a professional association of lawyers as generally organized in countries following the Anglo-American types of jurisprudence. The word bar is derived from the old English/European custom of using a physical railing to se ...

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Bar council {{see also, Bar association A bar council ( ga, Comhairle an Bharra) or bar association, in a common law jurisdiction with a legal profession split between solicitors and barristers or advocates, is a professional body that regulates the profes ...

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Bar examination A bar examination is an examination administered by the bar association of a jurisdiction that a lawyer must pass in order to be admitted to the bar of that jurisdiction. Australia Administering bar exams is the responsibility of the bar associ ...

– Bare trust –

Bargain and sale deed A bargain and sale deed is in United States real property law, a deed "conveying real property without covenants". This is a deed "for which the grantor implies to have or have had an interest in the property but offers no warranties of tit ...

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Barratry (admiralty law) In admiralty law, barratry is an act of gross misconduct committed by a master or crew of a vessel resulting in damage to the vessel or its cargo. These activities may include desertion, illegal scuttling, theft of the ship or cargo, and any ...

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Barratry (common law) Barratry ( ) is a legal term that, at common law, described a criminal offense committed by people who are overly officious in instigating or encouraging prosecution of groundless litigation, or who bring repeated or persistent acts of litigation ...

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Barrister A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching law and givin ...

– Basic Law of various jurisdictions –

Battery Battery most often refers to: * Electric battery, a device that provides electrical power * Battery (crime), a crime involving unlawful physical contact Battery may also refer to: Energy source *Automotive battery, a device to provide power t ...

– Beach bum trust provision – Bearer paper –

Belief A belief is an attitude that something is the case, or that some proposition is true. In epistemology, philosophers use the term "belief" to refer to attitudes about the world which can be either true or false. To believe something is to tak ...

– Bench –

Bench memorandum A bench memorandum (pl. ''bench memoranda'') (also known as a ''bench memo'') is a short and neutral memorandum that summarizes the facts, issues, and arguments of a court case. Bench memos are used by the judge as a reference during preparation fo ...

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Bench trial A bench trial is a trial by judge, as opposed to a trial by jury. The term applies most appropriately to any administrative hearing in relation to a summary offense to distinguish the type of trial. Many legal systems (Roman, Islamic) use bench ...

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Bench warrant An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by a judge or magistrate on behalf of the state, which authorizes the arrest and detention of an individual, or the search and seizure of an individual's property. Canada Arrest warrants are issued by a ju ...

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Beneficial interest A beneficial interest is the right that a person has arising from a contract to which they are not a party, or a trust. For example, if A makes a contract with B that A will pay C a certain sum of money, B has the legal interest in the contract, an ...

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Beneficial use "Beneficial use" is a legal term describing a person's right to enjoy the benefits of specific property, especially a view or access to light, air, or water, even though title to that property is held by another person. It is also referred to as " ...

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Beneficiary A beneficiary (also, in trust law, '' cestui que use'') in the broadest sense is a natural person or other legal entity who receives money or other benefits from a benefactor. For example, the beneficiary of a life insurance policy is the person ...

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Beneficiary (trust) In trust law, a beneficiary or '' cestui que'' use, a.k.a. ''cestui que'' trust, is the person or persons who are entitled to the benefit of any trust arrangement. A beneficiary will normally be a natural person, but it is perfectly possible to ha ...

– Benefit of counsel – Bequeath –

Bequest A bequest is property given by will. Historically, the term ''bequest'' was used for personal property given by will and ''deviser'' for real property. Today, the two words are used interchangeably. The word ''bequeath'' is a verb form for the act ...

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Berne three-step test The Berne three-step test is a clause that is included in several international treaties on intellectual property. Signatories of those treaties agree to standardize possible limitations and exceptions to exclusive rights under their respective na ...

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Best evidence rule The best evidence rule is a legal principle that holds an original of a document as superior evidence. The rule specifies that secondary evidence, such as a copy or facsimile, will be not admissible if an original document exists and can be obta ...

– Best Interests of the Child – Bestiality –

Beyond a reasonable doubt Beyond a reasonable doubt is a legal standard of proof required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems. It is a higher standard of proof than the balance of probabilities standard commonly used in civil cases, becau ...

– BFP –

Bias Bias is a disproportionate weight ''in favor of'' or ''against'' an idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group ...

– Bifurcate –

Bifurcation Bifurcation or bifurcated may refer to: Science and technology * Bifurcation theory, the study of sudden changes in dynamical systems ** Bifurcation, of an incompressible flow, modeled by squeeze mapping the fluid flow * River bifurcation, the ...

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Bigamy In cultures where monogamy is mandated, bigamy is the act of entering into a marriage with one person while still legally married to another. A legal or de facto separation of the couple does not alter their marital status as married persons. ...

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Bilateral contract A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties that creates, defines, and governs mutual rights and obligations between them. A contract typically involves the transfer of goods, services, money, or a promise to tran ...

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Bill Bill(s) may refer to: Common meanings * Banknote, paper cash (especially in the United States) * Bill (law), a proposed law put before a legislature * Invoice, commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer * Bill, a bird or animal's beak Pla ...

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Bill of attainder A bill of attainder (also known as an act of attainder or writ of attainder or bill of penalties) is an act of a legislature declaring a person, or a group of people, guilty of some crime, and punishing them, often without a trial. As with attai ...

– Bill of costs –

Bill of exchange A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time, whose payer is usually named on the document. More specifically, it is a document contemplated by or consisting of a ...

– Bill of indictment –

Bill of lading A bill of lading () (sometimes abbreviated as B/L or BOL) is a document issued by a carrier (or their agent) to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment. Although the term historically related only to carriage by sea, a bill of lading may toda ...

– Bill of particulars –

Bill of rights A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. The purpose is to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and pr ...

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Bill of sale A bill of sale is a document that transfers ownership of goods from one person to another. It is used in situations where the former owner transfers possession of the goods to a new owner. Bills of sale may be used in a wide variety of transaction ...

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Bind over In the law of England and Wales and some other common law jurisdictions, binding over is an exercise of certain powers by the criminal courts used to deal with low-level public order issues. Both magistrates' courts and the Crown Court may issue b ...

– Bind over for sentence –

Binding arbitration Arbitration is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) that resolves disputes outside the judiciary courts. The dispute will be decided by one or more persons (the 'arbitrators', 'arbiters' or 'arbitral tribunal'), which renders the ...

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Bioethics Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, me ...

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Black's Law Dictionary ''Black's Law Dictionary'' is the most frequently used legal dictionary in the United States. Henry Campbell Black (1860–1927) was the author of the first two editions of the dictionary. History The first edition was published in 1891 by West ...

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Blackmail Blackmail is an act of coercion using the threat of revealing or publicizing either substantially true or false information about a person or people unless certain demands are met. It is often damaging information, and it may be revealed to fa ...

– Blank endorsement –

Blood libel Blood libel or ritual murder libel (also blood accusation) is an antisemitic canardTurvey, Brent E. ''Criminal Profiling: An Introduction to Behavioral Evidence Analysis'', Academic Press, 2008, p. 3. "Blood libel: An accusation of ritual mur ...

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Blue law Blue laws, also known as Sunday laws, Sunday trade laws and Sunday closing laws, are laws restricting or banning certain activities on specified days, usually Sundays in the western world. The laws were adopted originally for religious reasons ...

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Blue laws Blue laws, also known as Sunday laws, Sunday trade laws and Sunday closing laws, are laws restricting or banning certain activities on specified days, usually Sundays in the western world. The laws were adopted originally for religious reasons, ...

– Blue ribbon jury – Blue Sky Laws –

Bluebook ''The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation'' is a style guide that prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the United States. It is taught and used at a majority of U.S. law schools and is also used in a majority of federal ...

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Board of directors A board of directors (commonly referred simply as the board) is an executive committee that jointly supervises the activities of an organization, which can be either a for-profit or a nonprofit organization such as a business, nonprofit orga ...

– ''

bona fide In human interactions, good faith ( la, bona fides) is a sincere intention to be fair, open, and honest, regardless of the outcome of the interaction. Some Latin phrases have lost their literal meaning over centuries, but that is not the case ...

'' –

Bona fide purchaser A ''bona fide'' purchaser (BFP)referred to more completely as a ''bona fide'' purchaser for value without notice is a term used predominantly in common law jurisdictions in the law of real property and personal property to refer to an innocent ...

– ''

bona vacantia Unowned property includes tangible, physical things that are capable of being reduced to being property owned by a person but are not owned by anyone. ' (Latin for "ownerless goods") is a legal concept associated with the unowned property, which e ...

'' –

Bond Bond or bonds may refer to: Common meanings * Bond (finance), a type of debt security * Bail bond, a commercial third-party guarantor of surety bonds in the United States * Chemical bond, the attraction of atoms, ions or molecules to form chemical ...

– Bond for deed –

Booby trap A booby trap is a device or setup that is intended to kill, harm or surprise a human or another animal. It is triggered by the presence or actions of the victim and sometimes has some form of bait designed to lure the victim towards it. The trap m ...

– Book account –

Book value In accounting, book value is the value of an asset according to its balance sheet account balance. For assets, the value is based on the original cost of the asset less any depreciation, amortization or impairment costs made against the asset. T ...

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Bootleg recording A bootleg recording is an audio or video recording of a performance not officially released by the artist or under other legal authority. Making and distributing such recordings is known as ''bootlegging''. Recordings may be copied and trade ...

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Border control Border control refers to measures taken by governments to monitor and regulate the movement of people, animals, and goods across land, air, and maritime borders. While border control is typically associated with international borders, it a ...

– Bottomry –

Boycott A boycott is an act of nonviolent, voluntary abstention from a product, person, organization, or country as an expression of protest. It is usually for moral, social, political, or environmental reasons. The purpose of a boycott is to inflict so ...

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Breach of contract Breach of contract is a legal cause of action and a type of civil wrong, in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other part ...

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Breach of promise Breach of promise is a common law tort, abolished in many jurisdictions. It was also called breach of contract to marry,N.Y. Civil Rights Act article 8, §§ 80-A to 84. and the remedy awarded was known as heart balm. From at least the Middle ...

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Breach of the peace Breach of the peace, or disturbing the peace, is a legal term used in constitutional law in English-speaking countries and in a public order sense in the several jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. It is a form of disorderly conduct. Public ord ...

– Breach of warranty – Breaking and entering –

Bribery Bribery is the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official, or other person, in charge of a public or legal duty. With regard to governmental operations, essentially, bribery is "Cor ...

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Bride price Bride price, bride-dowry ( Mahr in Islam), bride-wealth, or bride token, is money, property, or other form of wealth paid by a groom or his family to the woman or the family of the woman he will be married to or is just about to marry. Bride dow ...

– Brief –

British constitution The constitution of the United Kingdom or British constitution comprises the written and unwritten arrangements that establish the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as a political body. Unlike in most countries, no attempt ...

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British constitutional law The constitution of the United Kingdom or British constitution comprises the written and unwritten arrangements that establish the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as a political body. Unlike in most countries, no attempt ...

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British nationality law British nationality law prescribes the conditions under which a person is recognised as being a national of the United Kingdom. The six different classes of British nationality each have varying degrees of civil and political rights, due to the ...

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Broker A broker is a person or firm who arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller for a commission when the deal is executed. A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. Neither role should be con ...

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Brought to trial Brought to trial generally refers to scheduling a legal case for a hearing, or to bring a defendant to court. However, it has several different, ambiguous meanings and examples used in the law. To bring to trial may refer to bringing a defendant t ...

– Building and loan –

Bulk sale A bulk sale, sometimes called a bulk transfer, is when a business sells all or nearly all of its inventory to a single buyer and such a sale is not part of the ordinary course of business. This type of action is often used in an attempt to dodge ...

– Bulk sales acts – Bulk transfer – Burden – Burden of proof – Burgage –

Burglary Burglary, also called breaking and entering and sometimes housebreaking, is the act of entering a building or other areas without permission, with the intention of committing a criminal offence. Usually that offence is theft, robbery or murd ...

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Business Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit." Having a business name does not separ ...

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Business ethics Business ethics (also known as Corporate Ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business c ...

– Business invitee – But for rule – Buy-sell agreement –

Bylaw A by-law (bye-law, by(e)law, by(e) law), or as it is most commonly known in the United States bylaws, is a set of rules or law established by an organization or community so as to regulate itself, as allowed or provided for by some higher authori ...

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Bylaws A by-law (bye-law, by(e)law, by(e) law), or as it is most commonly known in the United States bylaws, is a set of rules or law established by an organization or community so as to regulate itself, as allowed or provided for by some higher authorit ...

– Bypass trust

C

Cadastral map A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represented graphically in a ca ...

– '' cadit quaestio'' – Calendar call –

Caliphate A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to th ...

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Call to the bar The call to the bar is a legal term of art in most common law jurisdictions where persons must be qualified to be allowed to argue in court on behalf of another party and are then said to have been "called to the bar" or to have received "call ...

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Calumny Defamation is the act of communicating to a third party false statements about a person, place or thing that results in damage to its reputation. It can be spoken (slander) or written (libel). It constitutes a tort or a crime. The legal defini ...

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Campaign finance reform in the United States Campaign finance laws in the United States have been a contentious political issue since the early days of the union. The most recent major federal law affecting campaign finance was the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) of 2002, also know ...

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Canadian Bill of Rights The ''Canadian Bill of Rights'' (french: Déclaration canadienne des droits) is a federal statute and bill of rights enacted by the Parliament of Canada on August 10, 1960. It provides Canadians with certain rights at Canadian federal law in r ...

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Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The ''Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' (french: Charte canadienne des droits et libertés), often simply referred to as the ''Charter'' in Canada, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada, forming the first part ...

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Caning Caning is a form of corporal punishment consisting of a number of hits (known as "strokes" or "cuts") with a single cane usually made of rattan, generally applied to the offender's bare or clothed buttocks (see spanking) or hands (on the ...

– Cannabis: Legal issues –

Canon Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Canon (fiction), the conceptual material accepted as official in a fictional universe by its fan base * Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture ** Western ca ...

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Canon law Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is t ...

– Cape (writ) – ''

capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used fo ...

'' –

Capital account In macroeconomics and international finance, the capital account, also known as the capital and financial account records the net flow of investment transaction into an economy. It is one of the two primary components of the balance of payments, ...

– Capital assets –

Capital expenditure Capital expenditure or capital expense (capex or CAPEX) is the money an organization or corporate entity spends to buy, maintain, or improve its fixed assets, such as buildings, vehicles, equipment, or land. It is considered a capital expenditure ...

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Capital gain Capital gain is an economic concept defined as the profit earned on the sale of an asset which has increased in value over the holding period. An asset may include tangible property, a car, a business, or intangible property such as shares. A ...

– Capital gain tax –

Capital gains Capital gain is an economic concept defined as the profit earned on the sale of an asset which has increased in value over the holding period. An asset may include tangible property, a car, a business, or intangible property such as shares. ...

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Capital investment Investment is the dedication of money to purchase of an asset to attain an increase in value over a period of time. Investment requires a sacrifice of some present asset, such as time, money, or effort. In finance, the purpose of investing i ...

– Capital loss – Capital offense –

Capital punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that ...

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Capital punishment in the United States In the United States, capital punishment is a legal penalty throughout the country at the federal level, in 27 states, and in American Samoa. It is also a legal penalty for some military offenses. Capital punishment has been abolished in 23 ...

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Capital stock A corporation's share capital, commonly referred to as capital stock in the United States, is the portion of a corporation's equity that has been derived by the issue of shares in the corporation to a shareholder, usually for cash. "Share capi ...

– Capitalized value –

Capricious Capricious may refer to: * Capricieuse, also spelled Capricious, a solitaire card game * Capricious (cheese), an aged goat's milk cheese See also * Arbitrary and capricious In law, the standard of review is the amount of deference given by one ...

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Carjacking Carjacking is a robbery in which the item taken over is a motor vehicle.Michael Cherbonneau, "Carjacking," in ''Encyclopedia of Social Problems'', Vol. 1 (SAGE, 2008: ed. Vincent N. Parrillo), pp. 110-11. In contrast to car theft, carjacking is ...

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Carnal knowledge Carnal knowledge is an archaic or legal euphemism for sexual intercourse. In modern statutes, the term " sexual penetration" is widely used, though with various definitions. Biblical source The term derives from ''carnal'', meaning "of the fles ...

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Carrier Carrier may refer to: Entertainment * ''Carrier'' (album), a 2013 album by The Dodos * ''Carrier'' (board game), a South Pacific World War II board game * ''Carrier'' (TV series), a ten-part documentary miniseries that aired on PBS in April 20 ...

– Carrying for hire –

Cartel A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. Cartels are usually associations in the same sphere of business, and thus an alliance of rivals. Mos ...

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Case Case or CASE may refer to: Containers * Case (goods), a package of related merchandise * Cartridge case or casing, a firearm cartridge component * Bookcase, a piece of furniture used to store books * Briefcase or attaché case, a narrow box to ca ...

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Case conference A settlement or pre-trial conference is a meeting between opposing sides of a lawsuit at which the parties attempt to reach a mutually agreeable resolution of their dispute without having to proceed to a trial. Such a conference may be initiated t ...

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Case law Case law, also used interchangeably with common law, is law that is based on precedents, that is the judicial decisions from previous cases, rather than law based on constitutions, statutes, or regulations. Case law uses the detailed facts of ...

– Case law in the United States – Case number –

Case of first impression A precedent is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. Common-law legal systems place great value ...

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Case-based reasoning In artificial intelligence and philosophy, case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. In everyday life, an auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recallin ...

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Cashier's check A cashier's check (or cashier's cheque, cashier's order) is a check guaranteed by a bank, drawn on the bank's own funds and signed by a cashier. Cashier's checks are treated as guaranteed funds because the bank, rather than the purchaser, is resp ...

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Casualty insurance Casualty insurance is a defined term which broadly encompasses insurance not directly concerned with life insurance, health insurance, or property insurance. Casualty insurance is mainly liability coverage of an individual or organization for ne ...

– Casualty loss –

Casuistry In ethics, casuistry ( ) is a process of reasoning that seeks to resolve moral problems by extracting or extending theoretical rules from a particular case, and reapplying those rules to new instances. This method occurs in applied ethics and ju ...

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Catechism A catechism (; from grc, κατηχέω, "to teach orally") is a summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments traditionally used in catechesis, or Christian religious teaching of children and adul ...

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Categorical Imperative The categorical imperative (german: kategorischer Imperativ) is the central philosophical concept in the deontological moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Introduced in Kant's 1785 '' Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals'', it is a way of eva ...

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Catholic Emancipation Catholic emancipation or Catholic relief was a process in the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and later the combined United Kingdom in the late 18th century and early 19th century, that involved reducing and removing many of the restricti ...

– '' cause'' –

Cause of action A cause of action or right of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify suing to obtain money or property, or to justify the enforcement of a legal right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a ...

– ''

caveat emptor ''Caveat emptor'' (; from ''caveat'', "may he/she beware", a subjunctive form of ''cavēre'', "to beware" + ''ēmptor'', "buyer") is Latin for "Let the buyer beware". It has become a proverb in English. Generally, ''caveat emptor'' is the contra ...

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Cease and desist order A cease and desist letter is a document sent to an individual or business to stop alleged illegal activity. The phrase "cease and desist" is a legal doublet, made up of two near-synonyms. The letter may warn that, if the recipient does not disc ...

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Censorship Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments ...

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Certificate of deposit A certificate of deposit (CD) is a time deposit, a financial product commonly sold by banks, thrift institutions, and credit unions in the United States. CDs differ from savings accounts in that the CD has a specific, fixed term (often one, ...

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Certificate of incorporation A certificate of incorporation is a legal document/license relating to the formation of a company or corporation. It is a license to form a corporation issued by state government or, in some jurisdictions, by non-governmental entity/corporation. Its ...

– Certificate of legal aid costs – Certificate of title –

Certified check A certified check (or certified cheque) is a form of check for which the bank verifies that sufficient funds exist in the account to cover the check, and so certifies, at the time the check is written. Those funds are then set aside in the bank's ...

– ''

certiorari In law, ''certiorari'' is a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or government agency. ''Certiorari'' comes from the name of an English prerogative writ, issued by a superior court to direct that the record of ...

'' –

Writ of Certiorari In law, ''certiorari'' is a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or government agency. ''Certiorari'' comes from the name of an English prerogative writ, issued by a superior court to direct that the record of ...

– Cessate –

Cestui que trust In trust law, a beneficiary or '' cestui que'' use, a.k.a. ''cestui que'' trust, is the person or persons who are entitled to the benefit of any trust arrangement. A beneficiary will normally be a natural person, but it is perfectly possible to hav ...

– Cestui que use – ''

ceteris paribus ' (also spelled '; () is a Latin phrase, meaning "other things equal"; some other English translations of the phrase are "all other things being equal", "other things held constant", "all else unchanged", and "all else being equal". A statement ...

'' –

Chain of title A chain of title is the sequence of historical transfers of title to a property. It is a valuable tool to identify and document past owners of a property and serves as a property's historical ownership timeline. The "chain" runs from the present o ...

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Chairman The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group ...

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Challenge for cause Strike for cause (also referred to as challenge for cause or removal for cause) is a method of eliminating potential members from a jury panel in the United States. During the jury selection process, after ''voir dire'', opposing attorneys may requ ...

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Champerty Champerty and maintenance are doctrines in common law jurisdictions that aim to preclude frivolous litigation: *Maintenance is the intermeddling of a disinterested party to encourage a lawsuit. It is: "A taking in hand, a bearing up or upholding ...

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Chancellor Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law cou ...

– Chancery –

Chancery division The High Court of Justice in London, known properly as His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England, together with the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court, are the Senior Courts of England and Wales. Its name is abbreviated as EWHC (England ...

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Change of venue A change of venue is the legal term for moving a trial to a new location. In high-profile matters, a change of venue may occur to move a jury trial away from a location where a fair and impartial jury may not be possible due to widespread publ ...

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Character witness Character evidence is a term used in the law of evidence to describe any testimony or document submitted for the purpose of proving that a person acted in a particular way on a particular occasion based on the character or disposition of that per ...

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Charge Charge or charged may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * '' Charge, Zero Emissions/Maximum Speed'', a 2011 documentary Music * ''Charge'' (David Ford album) * ''Charge'' (Machel Montano album) * ''Charge!!'', an album by The Aqu ...

– Charging lien –

Charging order A charging order, in English law, is an order obtained from a court or judge by a judgment creditor, by which the property of the judgment debtor in any stocks or funds or shares in a limited liability company or land stands charged with the pay ...

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Charitable contribution A donation is a gift for Charity (practice), charity, humanitarian aid, or to benefit a cause. A donation may take various forms, including money, alms, Service (economics), services, or goods such as clothing, toys, food, or vehicles. A donat ...

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Charitable organization A charitable organization or charity is an organization whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being (e.g. educational, religious or other activities serving the public interest or common good). The legal definition of a ...

– Charitable remainder trust – Charitable trust –

Charter A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the re ...

– Chattel –

Chattel mortgage Chattel mortgage, sometimes abbreviated ''CM'', is the legal term for a type of loan contract used in some states with legal systems derived from English law. Under a typical chattel mortgage, the purchaser borrows funds for the purchase of mov ...

Checks and balances Separation of powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches. The typic ...

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Cheque A cheque, or check (American English; see spelling differences) is a document that orders a bank (or credit union) to pay a specific amount of money from a person's account to the person in whose name the cheque has been issued. The pers ...

– Chief Justice –

Chief Justice of Canada The chief justice of Canada (french: juge en chef du Canada) is the presiding judge of the nine-member Supreme Court of Canada, the highest judicial body in Canada. As such, the chief justice is the highest-ranking judge of the Canadian court s ...

– Chief Justice of the United States –

Child A child ( : children) is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty. The legal definition of ''child'' generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person young ...

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Child abandonment Child abandonment is the practice of relinquishing interests and claims over one's offspring in an illegal way, with the intent of never resuming or reasserting guardianship. The phrase is typically used to describe the physical abandonment of a ...

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Child abuse Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to a ...

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Child custody Child custody is a legal term regarding '' guardianship'' which is used to describe the legal and practical relationship between a parent or guardian and a child in that person's care. Child custody consists of ''legal custody'', which is the ri ...

– Child endangerment –

Child neglect A form of child abuse, child neglect is an act of caregivers (e.g., parents) that results in depriving a child of their basic needs, such as the failure to provide adequate supervision, health care, clothing, or housing, as well as other physic ...

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Child pornography Child pornography (also called CP, child sexual abuse material, CSAM, child porn, or kiddie porn) is pornography that unlawfully exploits children for sexual stimulation. It may be produced with the direct involvement or sexual assault of a ...

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Child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse (CSA), also called child molestation, is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child (whet ...

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Child support Child support (or child maintenance) is an ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child (or parent, caregiver, guardian) following the end of a marriage or other similar relationship. Child maintenance is paid d ...

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Chinese law Chinese law is one of the oldest legal traditions in the world. The core of modern Chinese law is based on Germanic-style civil law, socialist law, and traditional Chinese approaches. For most of the history of China, its legal syste ...

– Churning – Circuit courts –

Circumcision Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis. In the most common form of the operation, the foreskin is extended with forceps, then a circumcision device may be placed, after which the foreskin is excised. Top ...

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Circumstantial evidence Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact—such as a fingerprint at the scene of a crime. By contrast, direct evidence supports the truth of an assertion directly—i.e., without need ...

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Citation A citation is a reference to a source. More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose o ...

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Cite A citation is a reference to a source. More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose o ...

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Citizen Citizenship is a "relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection". Each state determines the conditions under which it will recognize persons as its citizens, and ...

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Citizen's dividend Citizen's dividend is a proposed policy based upon the Georgist principle that the natural world is the common property of all people. It is proposed that all citizens receive regular payments ( dividends) from revenue raised by leasing or taxin ...

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Citizenship Citizenship is a "relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection". Each state determines the conditions under which it will recognize persons as its citizens, and ...

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Civil action - A lawsuit is a proceeding by a party or parties against another in the civil court of law. The archaic term "suit in law" is found in only a small number of laws still in effect today. The term "lawsuit" is used in reference to a civil act ...

– Civil and social disobedience –

Civil calendar The civil calendar is the calendar, or possibly one of several calendars, used within a country for civil, official, or administrative purposes. The civil calendar is almost always used for general purposes by people and private organizations. Th ...

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Civil code A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations. A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core ar ...

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Civil Code of Quebec The ''Civil Code of Quebec'' (CCQ, french: Code civil du Québec) is the civil code in force in the Canadian province of Quebec, which came into effect on January 1, 1994. It replaced the '' Civil Code of Lower Canada'' (french: Code civil du Ba ...

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Civil commitment Involuntary commitment, civil commitment, or involuntary hospitalization/hospitalisation is a legal process through which an individual who is deemed by a qualified agent to have symptoms of severe mental disorder is detained in a psychiatric hos ...

– Civil death –

Civil disobedience Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government (or any other authority). By some definitions, civil disobedience has to be nonviolent to be called "civil". H ...

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Civil disorder Civil disorder, also known as civil disturbance, civil unrest, or social unrest is a situation arising from a mass act of civil disobedience (such as a demonstration, riot, strike, or unlawful assembly) in which law enforcement has difficult ...

– Civil justice reforms – civil law –

Civil law notary Civil-law notaries, or Latin notaries, are lawyers of noncontentious private civil law who draft, take, and record legal instruments for private parties, provide legal advice and give attendance in person, and are vested as public officers wi ...

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Civil liability In law, liable means "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agenc ...

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Civil liberties Civil liberties are guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation, without due process. Though the scope of the term differs between countries, civil liberties ma ...

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Civil penalties A civil penalty or civil fine is a financial penalty imposed by a government agency as restitution for wrongdoing. The wrongdoing is typically defined by a codification of legislation, regulations, and decrees. The civil fine is not considered ...

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Civil procedure Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced; what kin ...

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Civil rights Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life ...

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Civil union A civil union (also known as a civil partnership) is a legally recognized arrangement similar to marriage, created primarily as a means to provide recognition in law for same-sex couples. Civil unions grant some or all of the rights of marriage ...

– Claim against a governmental agency – Claim against an estate –

Claim form A summons (also known in England and Wales as a claim form and in the Australian state of New South Wales as a court attendance notice (CAN)) is a legal document issued by a court (a ''judicial summons'') or by an administrative agency of governme ...

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Claim in bankruptcy A Proof of claim in bankruptcy, in United States bankruptcy law, is a document filed with the Court so as to register a claim against the assets of the bankruptcy estate. The claim sets out the amount that is owed to the creditor as of the date o ...

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Claimant A plaintiff ( Π in legal shorthand) is the party who initiates a lawsuit (also known as an ''action'') before a court. By doing so, the plaintiff seeks a legal remedy. If this search is successful, the court will issue judgment in favor of the ...

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Class Class or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used differently ...

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Class action A class action, also known as a class-action lawsuit, class suit, or representative action, is a type of lawsuit where one of the parties is a group of people who are represented collectively by a member or members of that group. The class actio ...

– Class action suit – Clean hands doctrine – Cleanup clause –

Clear and convincing evidence In a legal dispute, one party has the burden of proof to show that they are correct, while the other party had no such burden and is presumed to be correct. The burden of proof requires a party to produce evidence to establish the truth of facts ...

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Clear and present danger ''Clear and Present Danger'' is a political thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and published on August 17, 1989. A sequel to '' The Cardinal of the Kremlin'' (1988), main character Jack Ryan becomes acting Deputy Director of Intelligence in ...

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Clear title Clear title is the phrase used to state that the owner of real property owns it free and clear of encumbrances. In a more limited sense, it is used to state that, although the owner does not own clear title, it is nevertheless within the power of ...

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Clerk A clerk is a white-collar worker who conducts general office tasks, or a worker who performs similar sales-related tasks in a retail environment. The responsibilities of clerical workers commonly include record keeping, filing, staffing service ...

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Close corporation Close may refer to: Music * ''Close'' (Kim Wilde album), 1988 * ''Close'' (Marvin Sapp album), 2017 * ''Close'' (Sean Bonniwell album), 1969 * "Close" (Sub Focus song), 2014 * "Close" (Nick Jonas song), 2016 * "Close" (Rae Sremmurd song), 201 ...

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Closed shop A pre-entry closed shop (or simply closed shop) is a form of union security agreement under which the employer agrees to hire union members only, and employees must remain members of the union at all times to remain employed. This is different fr ...

– Closing –

Closing argument A closing argument, summation, or summing up is the concluding statement of each party's counsel reiterating the important arguments for the trier of fact, often the jury, in a court case. A closing argument occurs after the presentation of evide ...

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Cloud on title In United States property law, a cloud on title or title defect is any irregularity in the chain of title of property (usually real property) that would give a reasonable person pause before accepting a conveyance of title. According to Investoped ...

– Co-trustee –

Code In communications and information processing, code is a system of rules to convert information—such as a letter, word, sound, image, or gesture—into another form, sometimes shortened or secret, for communication through a communicati ...

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Code of Hammurabi The Code of Hammurabi is a Babylonian legal text composed 1755–1750 BC. It is the longest, best-organised, and best-preserved legal text from the ancient Near East. It is written in the Old Babylonian dialect of Akkadian, purportedly by Hamm ...

– Code of professional responsibility – Codefendant –

Codex The codex (plural codices ) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term ''codex'' is often used for ancient manuscript books, with ...

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Codicil Codicil may refer to: * Codicil (will), subsequent change or modification of terms made and appended to an existing trust or will and testament * A modification of terms made and appended to an existing constitution, treaty, or standard form con ...

– Codification – Codify –

Coercion Coercion () is compelling a party to act in an involuntary manner by the use of threats, including threats to use force against a party. It involves a set of forceful actions which violate the free will of an individual in order to induce a des ...

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Cohabitation Cohabitation is an arrangement where people who are not married, usually couples, live together. They are often involved in a romantic or sexually intimate relationship on a long-term or permanent basis. Such arrangements have become increas ...

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Cohabitation agreement A cohabitation agreement is a form of legal agreement reached between a couple who have chosen to live together (whether they are heterosexual or homosexual). In some ways, such a couple may be treated like a married couple, such as when applying ...

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Coinsurance In insurance, co-insurance or coinsurance is the splitting or spreading of risk among multiple parties. In the United States In the U.S. insurance market, co-insurance is the joint assumption of risk between the insurer and the insured. In titl ...

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Collateral Collateral may refer to: Business and finance * Collateral (finance), a borrower's pledge of specific property to a lender, to secure repayment of a loan * Marketing collateral, in marketing and sales Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Collate ...

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Collateral attack ''Res judicata'' (RJ) or ''res iudicata'', also known as claim preclusion, is the Latin term for "a matter decided" and refers to either of two concepts in both civil law and common law legal systems: a case in which there has been a final judg ...

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Collateral descendant A lineal descendant, in legal usage, is a blood relative in the direct line of descent – the children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, etc. of a person. In a legal procedure sense, lineal descent refers to the acquisition of estate by i ...

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Collateral estoppel Collateral estoppel (CE), known in modern terminology as issue preclusion, is a common law estoppel doctrine that prevents a person from relitigating an issue. One summary is that, "once a court has decided an issue of fact or law necessary to its ...

– Collateral Warranty –

Collective agreement A collective agreement, collective labour agreement (CLA) or collective bargaining agreement (CBA) is a written contract negotiated through collective bargaining for employees by one or more trade unions with the management of a company (or with an ...

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Collective bargaining agreement A collective agreement, collective labour agreement (CLA) or collective bargaining agreement (CBA) is a written contract negotiated through collective bargaining for employees by one or more trade unions with the management of a company (or with an ...

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Collective rights Group rights, also known as collective rights, are rights held by a group '' qua'' a group rather than individually by its members; in contrast, individual rights are rights held by individual people; even if they are group-differentiated, which ...

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Collective trade marks A collective trademark, collective trade mark, or collective mark is a trademark owned by an organization (such as an association), used by its members to identify themselves with a level of quality or accuracy, geographical origin, or other charac ...

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Collusion Collusion is a deceitful agreement or secret cooperation between two or more parties to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading or defrauding others of their legal right. Collusion is not always considered illegal. It can be used to att ...

– Collusive action – Color of law –

Color of title In United States law, the term color of law denotes the "mere semblance of legal right," the "pretense or appearance of" right; hence, an action done under color of law adjusts (colors) the law to the circumstance, yet said apparently legal acti ...

– Comaker –

Comity In law, comity is "a practice among different political entities (as countries, states, or courts of different jurisdictions)" involving the " mutual recognition of legislative, executive, and judicial acts." Etymology Comity derives from th ...

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Commencement of action Commencement of action is the formal procedure by which legal proceedings are initiated. Commencement of civil lawsuits begins when the plaintiff files the complaint with the court. Criminal proceedings are typically commenced by a government pros ...

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Commentaries on the Laws of England The ''Commentaries on the Laws of England'' are an influential 18th-century treatise on the common law of England by Sir William Blackstone, originally published by the Clarendon Press at Oxford, 1765–1770. The work is divided into four volum ...

– Commercial frustration –

Commercial law Commercial law, also known as mercantile law or trade law, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and business engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. It is often considered to be a branc ...

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Commingling In law, commingling is a breach of trust in which a fiduciary mixes funds held in care for a client with his own funds, making it difficult to determine which funds belong to the fiduciary and which belong to the client. This raises particular con ...

– Commission of rebellion - Commissioner of oaths –

Committal In law, a committal procedure is the process by which a defendant is charged with a serious offence under the criminal justice systems of all common law jurisdictions except the United States. The committal procedure, sometimes known as a preli ...

– Commodity status of animals – Common area –

Common carrier A common carrier in common law countries (corresponding to a public carrier in some civil law systems,Encyclopædia Britannica CD 2000 "Civil-law public carrier" from "carriage of goods" usually called simply a ''carrier'') is a person or compan ...

– Common counts –

Common law In law, common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions."The common law is not a brooding omniprese ...

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Common property Common ownership refers to holding the assets of an organization, enterprise or community indivisibly rather than in the names of the individual members or groups of members as common property. Forms of common ownership exist in every econo ...

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Common purpose The doctrine of common purpose, common design, joint enterprise, joint criminal enterprise or parasitic accessory liability is a common law legal doctrine that imputes criminal liability to the participants in a criminal enterprise for all reaso ...

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Common stock Common stock is a form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security. The terms voting share and ordinary share are also used frequently outside of the United States. They are known as equity shares or ordinary shares in the UK and other Comm ...

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Common-law marriage Common-law marriage, also known as non-ceremonial marriage, marriage, informal marriage, or marriage by habit and repute, is a legal framework where a couple may be considered married without having formally registered their relation as a civi ...

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Commons The commons is the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable Earth. These resources are held in common even when owned privately or publicly. Commons c ...

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Community patent The European patent with unitary effect, also known as the unitary patent, is a European patent which will benefit from unitary effect in the participating member states of the European Union. Unitary effect may be requested by the proprietor ...

– Community property – Commutation (law), Commutation – Company (law), Company – Company seal – Comparative law – Comparative negligence – Comparative responsibility – Compensatory damages – Competence (law), Competence – Complainant – Complaint – Complete contract – Compound interest – Compound question – Compounding a felony – Compounding a felony, Compounding treason – Compromise – Compromise verdict – Concealed weapon – Conciliation – Conclusion of fact – Conclusion of law – Concubinage – Concurrent sentence – Concurrent sentences – Concurrent writ – Condemnation action – Condition precedent – Condition subsequent – Conditional bequest – Conditional discharge – Conditional dismissal – Conditional sale – Condominium (living space), Condominium – Conduct money – Confession (law) – Confession and avoidance – Confession of judgment – Confidence game – Confidential communication – Confidential information – Confidentiality – Confiscate – Conflict of interest – Conflict of law – Conflict of laws – Confucianism – Confusingly similar – Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith – Congressional-executive agreement – Conscientious objector – Conscious parallelism – Conscription – Consecutive sentence – Consecutive sentences – Council of State (France), Counsul of Force – Countries banning non-human ape experimentation – Consensu – Consensual crime – Consensus – Consensus ad idem – Consensus decision-making – Consent – Consent decree – Consent judgment – Consequential damages – Consequentialism – Conservatee – Conservative Judaism – Conservator (law) – Consideration – Consign – Consignee – Consignment – Consortium – Conspiracy (civil), Conspiracy – Conspiracy (crime), Conspirator – Constable – Constitution – Constitution of the Confederate States – Constitution of France – Constitution of Spain – Constitutional amendment – Constitutional charter – Constitutional Convention (Australia) – Constitutional Convention (United States) – Constitutional law – Constitutional monarchy – Constitutional rights – Construction – Constructive – Constructive dismissal – Constructive eviction – Constructive fraud – Constructive notice – Constructive possession – Constructive trust – Construe – Customary law, Consuetudinary – Consultancy – Consultant – Consumer protection – Contact (law), Contact – Contemplation of death – Contempt of court – Contingency (contract), Contingency – Contingency fee – Contingent beneficiary – Contingent fee – Contingent interest – Contingent remainder – Continuance – Continuing objection – Continuing trespass – ''contra bonos mores'' – ''contra legem'' – Contraband – Contract – Contract (canon law) – Contract of adhesion – Contract of sale – Contract theory – Contractor – ''Contramandatio placiti'' - Contributory negligence – Controlled substance – Controlling law – Controversy – Conversion (law), Conversion – Conveyancing – Convict – Conviction (law), Conviction – Cooperative – Cooperative housing – Cop a plea – Copartner – Copyhold – Copyleft – Copyright – Copyright infringement – Copyright law of the European Union – Copyright misuse – ''coram nobis'' – ''coram non judice'' – Coroner – Corporate governance – Corporate haven – Corporate opportunity – juristic person, Corporate personhood – Corporate state – Corporation – Corporations law – ''corpus delicti'' – ''corpus juris'' – ''corpus juris civilis'' – ''corpus juris secundum'' – Correlative rights doctrine – Corroborate – Corroborating evidence – Corroboration – Cost bill – Cotenancy – Cotenant – Council Tax – Counsel – Lawyer, Counsellor – Count – Counter offer – Counterclaim – Counterfeit – County court – Coup d'état – Supreme court, Cour de cassation – Course of employment – Court – Court calendar – Court costs – Court docket – Court of appeal – Court of Appeal of England and Wales – Court of Appeal (France) – Court of Appeals – Court of customs and patent appeals – Court of equity – Court of last resort – Court of law – Court of protection – Court of record – Court of Session – Court order – Court trial – Court-martial – Courtesy – Courtroom – Courts of England and Wales – Courts of the United Kingdom – Covenant (law) – Covenant not to compete – Covenant that runs with the land – Restrictive covenant, Covenants, conditions and restrictions – Creature of statute – Credibility – Credible witness – Creditor – Creditor's claim – Creditor's rights – Crime – Crime against humanity – Crime against nature – Crime against peace – Crime of passion – Criminal – Criminal attorney – Criminal calendar – Criminal conversion – Criminal justice – Criminal law – Criminal negligence – Criminal procedure – Critical legal studies – Cross examination – Cross-complaint – Cross-examination – Crown copyright – Crown corporation – Crown Court – Crown entity – Crown land – Cruel and unusual punishment – Cruelty – Cruelty to animals – ''cui bono'' – ''cuius regio, eius religio'' – Culpability – Cumis counsel – Sentence (law), Cumulative sentence (disambiguation) – Cumulative voting – Curfew – Customary estate – Custom (law), Customary law – Customs – ''custos morum'' – Cut a check – Cy pres doctrine – Cyber law – Cybersquatting

D

District Attorney, D.A. – Doing business as, D.B.A. – D.U.I. – D.W.I. – Damages – Damnation – Dangerous weapon – Data protection – Date rape – Daubert standard – Day in court – ''de bonis asportatis'' – ''de bonis non administratis'' – ''de facto'' – De facto corporation – ''de futuro'' – ''de integro'' – ''de jure'' – De jure corporation – ''de lege ferenda'' – ''de lege lata'' – ''de minimis'' – ''trial de novo, de novo'' – Deadlock – Deadlock provision – Deadly weapon –Inheritance tax, Death tax – Death penalty – Death row – Inheritance tax, Death duty – Debenture – Debt – Debt bondage – Debtor – Debtor in possession – Decapitation – Deceased – Deceit – Deception – Decide! – Judgment (law), Decision – Decisory oath - Declarant – Declaration of Arbroath – Declaration of independence – Declaration of mailing – Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand – Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen – Declaration of trust – Declaration of war – Declaration of war by the United States – Declaratory judgment – Declaratory relief – Declared death in absentia, Declared death ''in absentia'' – Decree – Decree absolute – Decree nisi – Decriminalization – Dedication – Deductive reasoning, Deduction – Deed – Deed poll – ''defalcation'' – Defamation – Default (law) – Default judgment – Default rule – Defeasance – Defective title – Defendant – Defense (legal), Defense – Defense attorney – – Defense of infancy – Deficiency judgment – Defined benefit plan – Defined contribution plan – Deforce – Defraud – Degree of kinship – Deliberate – Deliberation – Deliberative body – Delict – Demand – Demand note – Demesne – Demise – Democracy – Demonstrative evidence – Demurrer – Denial – Deobandi – Deontology – Department for Constitutional Affairs – Dependent (law), Dependent – Deportation – Deposition (law), Deposition – Depreciate – Depreciation – Depreciation reserve – Derivative action – Derivative work – Derivatives law - Descent and distribution – Desert – Desertion – Destructibility of contingent remainders – Detailed Assessment – Devi – Devil's Advocate – Devisee – Devolution – Devolve – Devolved government – ''dicta'' – ''dictum'' – Digital signature – Diligence – Diminished capacity – Diminished responsibility – Diminished responsibility in English law – Diminution in value – Diplomatic immunity – Diplomatic recognition – Direct and proximate cause – Direct evidence – Direct examination – Directed verdict – Directors register – Disability – Disbarment, Disbar – Disbarment – Discharge in bankruptcy – Disciplinary procedure – Disclaimer – Discovery (law), Discovery – Discovery of documents – Discretion – Discretionary trust – Discrimination – Disembowelment – Disfigure – Dishonor – Disinheritance – Disjunctive allegations – Motion (legal), Dismissal – Dismissal with prejudice – Dismissal without prejudice – Disobbedienti – Disorderly conduct – Disorderly house – – Disposing mind and memory – Disposition – Dispossess – Dispute resolution – Dissent – Dissenting opinion – Dissolution (law) – Dissolution of corporation – Dissolution of the Monasteries – Distinguish – Distribution (economics), Distribute – Distribution of property – Distributive justice – District attorney – District court – Diversity of citizenship – Divestiture – Divestment – Dividend – Dividend tax – Divine Right of Kings – Division of property – Divisional court (disambiguation) – Divorce – DNA – Document – Documentary evidence – Doctrine of exoneration of liens – ''doli incapax'' – Domestic partner – Domestic partners – Domestic relations – Domestic violence – Dominant estate – Dominant tenement – ''Donatio mortis causa'' – Donation – Donative intent – Donee – Doom book – Double jeopardy – Double taxation – Dower – Dowry – Draft document – Drainage law – Dram shop rule – Payor, Drawer – Drawing and quartering – Dreyfus affair – Driver's license – Driving under the influence – Driving while intoxicated – Droit du seigneur – Drop dead date – Illegal drug trade, Drug – Dubitante – ''duces tecum'' – Due and owing – Due care – Due diligence – Due process – Due process of law – Due, owing and unpaid – Duress – Duress in English law – Duty – Duty of care – Duty of care in English law – Duty to warn – Dying declaration

E

Early Muslim philosophy – Earned income tax credit – Earnest payment – Easement – Ecclesia (sociology of religion), Ecclesia – Ecclesiastical court – Ecumenical council – Edict – Edict of Fontainebleau – Edict of Milan – Edict of Nantes – Edict of Worms – ''Presumption of innocence, ei incumbit probatio qui'' – Either/Or (disambiguation), Either – Ejectment – ''ejusdem generis'' – Elder law – Election of remedies – Election under the will – Elective share – Electoral reform – Electric chair – Abolitionism, Emancipation – Emancipation Proclamation – Embezzlement – Embezzler – Emblements – Emergency – Eminent domain – Remuneration, Emolument – Employee – Employer – Employers' liability – Employment – Employment contract – Employment law – En banc – Enabling clause – Inclosure, Enclosure – Encumbrance – End user license agreement – Financial endowment, Endowment – Enfeoff – Enfeoffment – Enforcement – English Bill of Rights – English law – Enjoin – Enjoyment – Enrolled Bill doctrine – Entail – Enter a judgment – Entertainment law – Legal entity, Entity – Entrapment – Entry of judgment – Environmental Impact Report – Environmental impact statement – Environmental law – Ephebophilia – Equal Access Act – Equal opportunity – Equal Protection Clause – Equitable distribution – Equitable estoppel – Equitable lien – Equitable remedy – Equity (law) – Equity of redemption – Doctrine of equivalents, Equivalent – ''erga omnes'' – ''erratum'' – Error – Escalator clause – Escape clause – Escheat – Escrow – Escrow account – Escrow agent – Escrow instructions – Espionage – Esquire – Essential facilities doctrine – Establishment clause – Estate (law), Estate – Estate by entirety – Estate in land – Estate tax, Inheritance tax – ''estoppel'' – ''et al.'' – ''et cetera'' – ''et seq'' – Eternity clause Ethical calculus – Ethical code – Ethics – Ethics in religion – Ethnic cleansing – EU Directive 2010/63/EU – European Convention on Human Rights – European Court of Human Rights – European Court of Justice – European Patent Convention – European Patent Organisation – European Union directive – European Union directive, Directive (EU) – European Union Law – European Union regulation – European Union regulation, Regulation (EU) – Euthanasia – Evasion of tax – Evasion (law), Evasion of the law – Eviction – Evidence (law), Evidence – ''ex aequo et bono'' – ''ex cathedra'' – ''ex delicto'' – ''ex facie'' – ''ex gratia'' – ''ex officio'' – ''ex parte'' – ''ex post facto'' – Ex post facto law – ''ex rel'' – Direct examination, Examination – Exception in deed – Excessive bail – Excise – Exclusionary rule – Excommunication – Exculpatory – Excusable neglect – Excuse – Execution – Execution (legal), Execution – Execution warrant – Executioner – Executive (government), Executive – Executive clemency – Executive privilege – Executor – Executory contract – Executory interest – ''executrix'' – Exegesis – Exemplary damages – tax exemption, Exempt – Exempt employees – Exempt property – tax exemption, Exemption – Exhibit (Legal), Exhibit – Exigent Circumstances, exigent circumstances – Exile – Expectancy – Expense – Expert determination – Expert testimony – Expert witness – Express contract – Express warranty – Extension (semantics), Extension – Extenuating circumstances – Extinguishment – Extortion – Extradition – Extrajudicial – Extraordinary General Meeting – Extraordinary resolution – Extreme cruelty – Extrinsic fraud

F

FOB (shipping) – Lie#Fabrication, Fabricate – Contract, Fabula – Face – Facere – Facies – Facile – Fact – Facto – Factory – Factum – Court of Faculties, Faculties, Court of – Faculty (instrument) – Faculty (university), Faculty of a college – – Faculty of Advocates – Faggot voter – Fail – Failure – Failure of consideration – Failure of issue – Faint action – Fair – Fair Play Men – Fair pleader – Faith – Faithless servant – Falang – Falda – Faldstool – Falesia – Bookland (law), Falk-land – False action – False imprisonment – False pretenses – False swearing – Falsity, Falsehood – Falsify – Falsing – Falsum – Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus – Family (biology), Familia – Family – Famosus – Famosus libelus – Fanatics – Fakir – Farm – Farmer – Faro (card game), Faro – Farrier – Fasti – Father – Father-in-law – Fathom – Fatuity – Fatuus – Faubourg – Fautor – Fealty – Fear – Feciales – Federal government – Fee – Fee-simple – Fenian – Feodal – Feodal system – Vassal, Feodary – Feodum – Feoffee – Feoffment – Feoh – Feria – Feriae – Ferling – Ferry – Ferryman – Feu (land tenure) – Feud – Fisheries management, Fishing law – Flag – Flag of the United States – Flagrante delicto – Flem – Fleta – Flight – Floating capital – Floor – Florin (Italian coin), Florin – Flotsam – Fluctus – Face amount – Face value – Fact – Factum – Faculty of law – Failure of consideration – Failure of issue – Fair comment – Fair dealing – Fair market value – Fair trade laws – Fair use – Fairness Doctrine – False arrest – False Claims Law – False imprisonment – False pretenses – Family – Family law – Family court – Family law – Family patrimony – Family purpose doctrine – Fatwa – Fault auto insurance system – Federal Communications Commission – Federal Constitutional Court, Federal Constitutional Court (Germany) – United States federal courts – Federal judge – Federal jurisdiction (United States) – Federal law – Federal question – Federal tort claims act – Federalism – Fee – Fee simple – Fee tail – Felicific calculus – Felony – Felonious – Felony – Felony murder rule – Feme covert – Feoff – Feoffee – Feoffment – Fertile octogenarian – Feud – Feudal land tenure – Feudal system – Feudalism – Fictitious defendants – ''fiduciary'' – Fiduciary duty – Fiduciary relationship – Fief – Fieri – ''fieri facias'' – Fighting words – Filing (legal), File – Final judgment – Finder of fact – Findings of fact – Fine (penalty), Fine – Fiqh – Firm offer – First degree murder – First impression (law), First impression – First to file and first to invent – Fixture (property law), Fixture – Fixture (property law), Fixtures – Flight – Floating charge – Floating easement – FOB (shipping), FOB – Fostering – Foujdar – Four corners – Fourierism – Fox's Libel Act – Frais – Franc – Francia – Francus – Frank-marriage – Franking privilege – Fraternity – Fratricide – Fraud – Fraus – Fraxinetum – Free-bench – Free and clear – Free socage – Free warren – Freedman – Political freedom, Freedom – Freedom of speech – Freedom of the press – Free on board – Freight – Common carrier, Freighter – Frenchman – Frequency, Frequent – Frere – Fresca – Fresh pursuit – Fretum Britannicum – Friend of the court – Friendly societies – Friendly suit – Frigidity – Frith – Frontage – Frontier – Fructus industriales – Fructus naturales – Fruges – Fruit – Folkways (sociology), Folkways – For value received – Forbearance – Force majeure – Forced heirship – Forced sale – Forcible entry – Foreclosure – Foreclosure sale – Foreign corporation – Forensic – Forensic medicine – Forensic testimony – Forensics – Foreseeability – Foreseeable risk – Asset forfeiture, Forfeit – Forger – Forgery – Formal contract – Fornication – ''forum conveniens'' – ''forum non conveniens'' – Forum shopping – Foster child – Four Cardinal Virtues – Four corners of an instrument – Franc-tireur – exclusive Franchise – Franchise tax – Franchising – Fraud – Fraud in the inducement – Fraudulent conveyance – Fraudulent trading – Free and clear – Free economic zone – Free on board – Free port – Free software license – Free speech – Free will – Freedom of assembly – Freedom of association – Freedom of expression – Freedom of Information Act (United States), Freedom of Information Act – Freedom of religion – Freedom of speech – Freedom of speech by country – Freedom of the press – Freedom of thought – Freehold (English law), Freehold – French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools – Fresh pursuit – Friendly suit – Frisking – Frivolous lawsuit – Fructus naturales – Fruit of the poisonous tree – Frustration of purpose – Fugitive from justice – Full faith and credit – Accountancy, Fully paid – ''functus officio'' – Fundamental justice – Fundamentalism – Fungible things – Future interest – Futuwa – Fyrd

G

Gag order – Gallows – Game law – Gaps and gores – Garnishment, Garnish – Garnishee – Garnishment – Gas chamber – Gasoline tax – Gemara – Gender bias – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – General appearance – General assignment – General Counsel – General damages – General denial – General meeting – General order – General partnership – General plan – General strike – General Synod – Generation skipping – Geneva Conventions – Genocide – German town law – Gibbet – Gift – Gift in contemplation of death – Gift tax – Glasnost – Go bail – Going concern – Good cause – Good faith – Good governance – Good samaritan rule – Good title – Good (economics), Goods – Goseibai Shikimoku – Government – Government-granted monopoly – Governmental immunity – Grace period – Grand Inquisitor – Grand jury – Grand larceny – Grand theft – Grandfather clause – Grandfathered in – Grandparent visitation – Grant (money), Grant – Grant deed – Grantor-grantee index – Gratuitous – ''gravamen'' – Great Ape Project – United States Permanent Resident Card, Green card – Gross income – Gross negligence – Grounds for divorce – Group boycott – Group litigation order – Guanxi – Guarantee – Guarantees – Guarantor – Guaranty – Legal guardian, Guardian – Guardian ad litem, Guardian ''ad litem'' – Guest statute – Guild – Guillotine – Guilt (law), Guilt – Guilty plea, Guilty

H

Habeas corpus – Habeas corpus ad deliberandum et recipiendum – Habeas corpus ad faciendum et recipiendum – Habeas corpus ad prosequendum – Habeas corpus ad respondendum – Habeas corpus ad satisfaciendum – Habeas corpus ad subjiciendum – Habeas corpus ad testificandum – Habeas corpus cum causa – Habitant – Habitation (see Dwelling) – Habitual Criminals Act – Hable – Hacienda – Habitable – – Habitual criminal – Hadith – Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907), Hague Convention – Hague-Visby Rules – Halaal – Halakha, Halakha (Jewish law) – Halakha, Jewish law (Halakha) – Blood quantum laws, Half blood – Halsbury's Laws of England – Hanafi – Hanbali – Hanging – Haraam, Haram – Harass – Harassment – Harm reduction – Harmless error – Hate speech – Head of Household (Tax), Head of household – Headnote – Headright – Heads of loss - Health care proxy – Hearing (law), Hearing – Hearsay – Hearsay rule – Heat of passion – Heir – Heir apparent – Beneficiary, Heiress – Heirs – Heirs of the body – Hell or high water clause – Hereditament – Herem (censure) – Herem (priestly gift) – Herem (war or property) – Heresy – Hidden asset – High court judge – High Court of Australia – Royal High Court of Bhutan – High Court of Justice (England and Wales) – Court of High Commission (ecclesiastical court in England) – High Court of Fiji – High Court (Hong Kong) – High Courts of India, several courts – High Court (Ireland) – High Court (Isle of Man) – High Court of Malaya – High Court of New Zealand – High Court of Cassation and Justice (Romania) – High Court of Justiciary (Scotland) – High Court of Sabah and Sarawak – High Court of Singapore – High Court of South Africa – Highway – Highwayman – Hima (environmental protection), Hima – Himalaya clause – Hit and run (vehicular), Hit and run – Hobby loss – Hold harmless – Holder in due course – Holding (law), Holding – Holding company – Holdover tenancy – Holographic will – Home Rule – Home Secretary – Homestead Act – Homestead exemption – Homestead principle – Hometowned – Homicide – Hong Kong trademark law – Hornbook law – Hostile environment sexual harassment – Hostile possession – Hostile witness – Car chase, Hot pursuit – Hotch-pot – House counsel – House of Lords – Household – Housing tenure – Human rights – Human Rights Committee – Human rights issues in the United States – Humanism – Hung jury – Hunting Act 2004 – Hypothecate

I

Idea-expression divide – ''idem'' – ''ignorantia juris non excusat'' – Ijma – Ijtihad – Illegal combatant – Illegal drug trade – Illegal immigrant – Illegitimacy – Illusory promise – Ilm ar-Rijal – Imam – Immediately – Immigrant visa – Immigration – Immigration Appellate Authority – Immunity from prosecution, Immunity – Impanel – Impaneling – Impeach – Impeachment – Impleader – Implied Bill of Rights – Implied consent – Implied contract – Implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing – Implied terms – Implied warranty – Implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose – Implied warranty of habitability – Implied warranty of merchantability – Importation right – Impossibility – Impotence – Imputation (law), Imputation – ''in camera'' – In chambers – ''in curia'' – ''in delicto'' – ''in esse'' – In fee simple – ''in flagrante delicto'' – ''in forma pauperis'' – ''in haec verba'' – In kind – In lieu – ''in limine'' – ''in loco parentis'' – ''in pari delicto'' – ''in personam'' – in propria persona, in pro per – ''in prope persona'' – ''in propria persona'' – ''in re'' – ''in rem'' – ''in situ'' – ''in terrorem'' – ''in terrorem clause'' – ''in toto'' – Incapacity – Incest – Inchoate offense – Incidental beneficiary – Income – Income tax – Incompetent evidence – Incontrovertible evidence – Incorporation (business) – Incorporate by reference – Incorporation (business) – Incorporeal – Incriminate – Incumbrance – Indecent exposure – Indefeasible – Indefeasible estate – Indemnify – Indemnity – Indenture – Indentured servant – Independent contractor – Indeterminacy debate in legal theory – Indeterminate sentence – Indictable offence – Indictable offense – Indictment – Indigent – Indispensable party – Individual capital – Individual rights – Indorse – Industrial design rights – Industrial tribunal – Infancy – Infant – Infanticide Act – Inference – Information – Information and belief – Informed consent – Infraction – Infractions – Infraction, Infringement – Ingress, egress, and regress, Ingress – Inheritance, Inherit – Inheritance – Inheritance tax – Injunction – Injunctive relief – Injury – Inkan – Innocence – Innocent – Inns of Court – ''innuendo'' – Inquest – Inquisition – Inquisitor – Inquisitorial system – Insanity – Insanity defense – Insider trading – Insolvency – Insolvent – Inspection of documents – Installment contract – Education, Instruction – Instructional capital – Insufficient evidence – Insurance – Insured – Insurer – Intangible property – Integrated criminal justice information system – Integration clause, Integration – Intellectual capital – Intellectual property – Intellectual rights – Intendant of New France – intent (law), Intent – ''inter alia'' – ''inter se'' – ''inter vivos'' – Inter vivos trust – Interest – Interference proceeding – Interim order – Interlineation – ''interlocutory'' – International Business Companies Act – Interlocutory decree – Interlocutory order – Intermediate sanctions – Internal affairs doctrine – International Business Companies Act – International constitutional law – International Court of Justice – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – International criminal law, International crime – International Criminal Court – International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda – International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia – International environmental law – International human rights instruments – International human rights law – International law – International relations – International trade – International trade law – Internment – Interpleader – Interrogation – Interrogatories – Interstate commerce – Intertemporal Law – Intervention (law), Intervene – Intervening cause – Intervention (law), Intervention – Intestacy – Intestate – Intestate succession – Substance intoxication, Intoxication – ''intra fauces terra'' – ''intra vires'' – Intrinsic fraud – Inure – Invasion of privacy – Inventor – Inventor's notebook – Inverse condemnation – Invest – Investiture – Investment – Invitation to treat – Invitee – Involuntary commitment – ''ipse dixit'' – ''ipsissima verba'' – ''ipso facto'' – Irreconcilable differences – Irrelevant – Irreparable damage or injury – Irresistible impulse – Islamic Law, Islamic Law (Sharia) – Sharia, Sharia (Islamic law) – Islamic philosophy – Isnad – Issue (legal), Issue – Issue preclusion – Issued shares

J

Juris Doctor (J.D.) – Ja'fari jurisprudence, Jafari – Jane Doe (pseudonym), Jane Doe – Jaywalking – Jeopardy (legal topic), Jeopardy – Jewish principles of faith – Jewish Theological Seminary of America – Jim Crow laws – John Doe – Joinder – Joinder of issue – Joint – Joint adventure – Joint and several – Joint and several liability – Joint custody – Joint liability – Joint property – Joint tenancy – Joint tortfeasors – Joint venture – Jointure – Jones Law (Philippines), Jones act – Journeyman – Joyride (crime), Joyride – Judge – Judge advocate – Judge Advocate General (United Kingdom), Judge Advocate General – Judgment – Judgment by default – Judgment debtor – Judgment in Berlin – Judgment non obstante veredicto – Judgment notwithstanding the verdict – Judgment notwithstanding verdict – Judicial – Judicial Committee of the Privy Council – Judicial discretion – Judicial economy – Judicial foreclosure – Judicial functions of the House of Lords – Judicial independence – Judicial interference – Judicial notice – Judicial review – Jump bail – Junior barrister – ''jurat'' – Jurisdiction – Jurisdictional amount – Jurisprudence – Jurist – Juror – Jury – Jury box – Jury charge – Jury fees – Jury instructions – Jury nullification – Jury of one's peers – Jury panel – Jury selection – Jury stress – Jury tampering – Jury trial – ''jus ad bellum'' – ''Jus Ad Bellum, jus ad bellum'' – ''jus civile'' – ''jus cogens'' – ''jus commune'' – ''jus gentium'' – ''jus inter gentes'' – ''jus naturale'' – ''jus primae noctis'' – ''jus sanguines'' – ''jus sanguinis'' – ''jus soli'' – Just cause (employment law), Just cause – Just compensation – Just war – Justice – Justice of the Peace – Justiciable – Justifiable homicide – Justification (jurisprudence), Justification – juvenile (law), Juvenile – Juvenile court – Juvenile delinquent

K

Kangaroo court – Karaite Judaism, Karaites – Karma – Kashrut, Kosher law – Kellogg-Briand Pact – Kidnapping – King's Bench (disambiguation), King's Bench – Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes – Know-how – Kollel

L

Labor and materials – Labor law – trade union, labor union – Laches (equity), Laches – ''lacuna (law), lacunae'' – Land use – Land value tax – Landlady – Landlocked – Landlord – Landlord and tenant – Landlord and Tenant Act – Landlord's lien – Lapse (law), Lapse – Larceny – Last antecedent rule – Last clear chance – Last will and testament – Latent defect – Law – Law and economics – Law and literature – Law and motion calendar – Law basic topics – Law book – Law dictionary – Law French – Law lords – Law of admiralty – Law of Canada – Law of costs – Law of Ireland (disambiguation), Law of Ireland – Law library – Law of obligations – Law of the case – Law of the land – Law of the Russian Federation – Admiralty law, Law of the Sea – Law of the Soviet Union – Law of the United Kingdom – Law of the United States – Law of treaties – Law school – Law society, Law Society – Laws of war – Lawsuit – Lawyer – Lay a foundation – Lay assessor – Laïcité – Leading question – Leading the witness – Lease – Lease and release – Leasehold – Legal – Legal abuse – Legal action – Legal advertising – Legal age – Legal aid – Legal Aid Society – Legal code – Legal consequences of marriage and civil partnership in the United Kingdom – Legal custody – Legal debate – Legal dualism – Legal person, Legal entity – Juristic person, Artificial person – Legal fiction – Legal formalism – Legal history – Legal instrument – Legal Latin – Legal lexicography – Legal personal representative – Legal positivism – Legal pluralism – Legal realism – Legal separation – Legal status of animals in Canada – Legal technicality – Legal tender – Legal translation – Legalese – Legalism (Western philosophy) – Legalism (Chinese philosophy) – Legalism (theology) – Legalization – Legatee – Legislation – Legislature – Legitimacy (family law) – Legitimacy (political science) – ''legitime'' – Lemon law – Lessee – Lesser crime – Lesser included offenses – Lesser-included offense – Renting, Let – Lethal injection – Letter of credit – Letter of marque – Letter of wishes – Letter (message), Letters – Letters of administration – Letters patent – Letters testamentary – Leverage (finance), Leverage – Leviticus – ''lex lata'' – ''lex scripta'' – Liable – Libel – Libel per se – Libertarian theories of law – Liberty – Licence – License – Licensee – Lie detector test – Lien – Lienor – Life – Life estate – Life without possibility of parole – Limitation of actions – Limitations clause, Limitations clause, Constitution of Canada – Limited company – Limited jurisdiction – Limited liability – Limited liability company – Limited partner – Limited partnership – Line of succession – Lineal descendant – Police lineup, Lineup – Liquidate – Liquidated damages – Liquidation – Liquidator (law) – ''lis pendens'' – List of Roman laws – Listed building – Literary property – Litigant – Litigation – Litigious – Liturgy – Livery – Livery of seizin – ''living trust'' – Living will – LL.B. – LL.M. – Loanshark – Lockout (industry), Lockout – ''locus delicti'' – ''locus in quo'' – Loiter (law) – Long cause – Long vacation – Long-arm statute – Lord Chancellor – Lord Chancellor's Department – Lord Chief Justice – Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales – Lord Justice General – Lord Justice of appeal – Lord Keeper of the Great Seal – Lord President of the Council – Lord Steward – Loss of consortium – Loss of use – Lost volume seller – Civil law (common law), Lower court – Lübeck law

M

M'Naghten Rules – Madhhab – Madrassa – Magdeburg rights – Magdeburg rights, Magdeburg law – Magistrate – Magna Carta – Mail box rule – Maim – Alimony, Maintenance – Child support, Maintenance – Champerty, Maintenance – Majority – Mala fides – ''male fide'' – Malfeasance – Malice aforethought – Malicious prosecution – Maliki – Malpractice – ''malum in se'' – ''malum prohibitum'' – ''mandamus'' – Mandamus, Writ of mandamus – Mandate (criminal law) – Mandate (international law) – Mandate of Heaven – Mandatory joinder – Mandatory sentence – Mann act – Manorialism – Manslaughter – Manslaughter in English law – Manumission – Manusmriti – ''mare clausum'' – ''International waters, mare liberum'' – Marital deduction – Marital life estate – Marital rights – Maritime law – Marked for identification – Market value – Marketable title – Marriage – Marriageable age – Marshal – Martial law – Mask work – Masoretes – Masoretic Text – Conservative Judaism, Masorti – Massachusetts trust – Master (judiciary), Master – Master and Servant Act, Master and servant – Master of Laws – Master of the Rolls – Master of the Rolls in Ireland – Materiality (law), Materiality – Material witness – Matrimonial regime – Matter – Maturity (finance), Maturity – Legal maxim, Maxims – Maxims of equity – Maxims of law – May – Mayhem (crime), Mayhem – Mechanic's lien – Mechanics lien – Mediation – Mediation, Mediator – Medical directive – Medical ethics – Medieval Inquisition – Meet and confer – Meeting of the minds – Meforshim – Megan's Law – Memorandum – Memorandum of Association – ''mens rea'' – Mental cruelty – Mental health law – Mental suffering – Mercantile law – Merchantable – Merger – Mesne – ''mesne assignment'' – Mesne profits – Messuage – Metes and bounds – Military alliance – Military dictatorship – Military law – Military tribunal – Militia – Mining claim – Ministerial act – minor (law), minor – Minutes – Miranda warning – Mirror wills – Misappropriation – Mischief – Misdemeanor – Misfeasance – Mishnah Berurah – Mishnah – Mishpat Ivri, Hebrew law (Mishpat Ivri) – Mishpat Ivri, Mishpat Ivri (Hebrew law) – Misjoinder – Misnomer – Misprision of a felony – Misprision of treason – Misrepresentation – Mistake of law – Mistrial (law), Mistrial – Mitigating circumstances – Mitigating factors – Mitzvah – Mock trial – Modern Islamic philosophy – ''modus operandi'' – Moiety title – Monarch – Money laundering – Monopoly – Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force – Month-to-month – Monument – Moot court – Moot point – Mootness (law), Mootness – Mopery – Moral absolutism – Moral certainty – Moral code – Moral core – Moral relativism – Moral rights (copyright law), Moral rights – Moral turpitude – Moral universalism – Morality – Moratorium (law), Moratorium – Mores – Morganatic marriage – Mortgage law – Mortgagee – Mortgagor – motion (legal), Motion – Motion for a summary judgment – Motion for more definite statement – Motion for directed verdict – Motion for dismissal – Motion for summary judgment – ''motion in limine'' – Motion to dismiss – Motion to strike (court of law), Motion to Strike – Motion to suppress – Motion to suppress evidence – Motive (law), Motive – Motor vehicle exception--Motor vehicle theft – Movant – Mujtahid – Mullah – Multiple citizenship – Multiplicity of suits – Municipal – Muniment of title – Murder – Murder in English law – Muslim dietary laws – Mutation – ''mutatis mutandis'' – Mutiny – Mutual wills

N

N.O.V. – Name change – Named plaintiffs – Napoleonic code – Narcotic – National Insurance contributions – National Labor Relations Board – National trade union center – Nationality – Natural law – Natural person – Natural resource law – ''ne exeat'' – Necessary party – Negative pledge – Negative pregnant – Negligence – Negligence per se, Negligence ''per se'' – Negligent – Negotiable instrument – Negotiation – ''nemo dat quod non habet'' – ''nemo judex in sua causa'' – Neutral country – Next friend – Next of kin – Night and Fog prisoner – ''nihil dicit'' – ''nisi prius'' – Nolo contendere, No contest – No fault divorce – No fault insurance – No-par stock – Noble Eightfold Path – ''nolle prosequi'' – ''nolo contendere'' – Nominal damages – Nominal party – Nominal value – Nominee – ''non compos mentis'' – ''non constat'' – ''non est factum'' – ''non liquet'' – ''non obstante verdicto'' – Non-binding arbitration – Non-conforming use – Non-contestability clause – Non-disclosure agreement – Non-executive director – Non-feasance – Non-profit corporation – Non-profit organization – Non-suit – Nonimmigrant visa – Nonviolence – Not guilty plea, Not guilty – Not guilty by reason of insanity – Not-for-profit corporation – ''nota bene'' – Notary public – Notice – Notice of appeal – Notice of default – Notice to quit – Notorious possession – Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Notwithstanding clause (Canadian Constitution) – Novation – Nuisance – ''nulla bona'' – ''nulla poena sine lege'' – Nullity (conflict) – ''nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali'' – ''nunc pro tunc'' – Nuremberg Code – Nuremberg Trials

O

Recognizance, O.R. – Order to show cause, O.S.C. – Oath – ''obiter dicta'' is plural; see the singular ''obiter dictum'' – Object (philosophy), Object – Objectivist philosophy – Obligation – Obligations of confidentiality – Obligee – Obligor – Obscene – Obscenity – Obstruction of justice – Occupancy – Occupant – Occupational disease – Occupational hazard – Federal preemption, Occupy the field – Of counsel – Criminal, Offender – Offer of proof – Offeree – Offeror – Officer of the court – Officers of a corporation – Official – Official misconduct – Official receiver – Official Solicitor – Officious intermeddler – Offshore corporation – Ombudsman – Omission (criminal law), Omission – Omnibus clause – Commanding precedent, On all fours – ''Legal burden of proof, onus probandi'' – Open adoption – Open court – Open-source license – Opening statement – Operation of law – ''opinio juris sive necessitatis'' – Opinion – Oppression remedy – Oral argument – Oral contract – Deposition (law), Oral examination – Oral law – Court order, Order – Order in Council – Order to show cause – Ordinary (officer) – Ordinary course of business – Ordinary resolution – Ordinary shares – Organized crime – Original jurisdiction – Original sin – Originating application – Orphan – Ostensible agent – Ostensible authority – Out of court – Out-of-pocket expenses – Outlaw – Output contract – Over-the-counter drug – Overcharge – Overt act – Owe – Own – Own recognizance – Owner – Owner-occupier – Ownership

P

''pacta sunt servanda'' – Pain and suffering – Palimony – Panderer – ''par delictum'' – Paralegal – Paramount title – Paraphilia – Pardon – ''parens patriae'' – Parent – Parent company – Pari delicto – Pari passu – Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property – Parish – Parliament – Parliamentary procedure – Parliamentary supremacy – Parliamentary system – Parody – Parol – Parol evidence rule – Parole – Parquet – Partial breach – Partial verdict – Particulars – Partition (law), Partition – Partner (business rank), Partner – Partnership – Party (law), Party – Party of the first part – Party of the second part – Party wall – Passenger – Passing off (legal term), Passing off – Patent – Patent ambiguity – Patent Cooperation Treaty – Patent infringement – Patent pending – Patentability – Patently unreasonable – Paternity (law), Paternity – Paternity suit – Patient – Patrimony of affectation – Patronage – Pay as you earn (paye) – Payable – Payee – Payor – Peace bond – Peaceable possession – Peculation – Pecuniary – Pedophilia – Voyeurism, Peeping tom – Peer group – Peerage – Peer review – Penal code – Penal colony – Penal law – Penal notice – Penal transportation – Penalty phase – Penance – Pendent jurisdiction – ''pendente lite'' – Pension plan – Pension scheme – People's Republic of China's trademark law – ''per capita'' – ''per curiam'' – ''per diem'' – ''per minas'' – ''per pro'' – ''per quod'' – ''per stirpes'' – Peremptory challenge – Peremptory challenges – Peremptory norm – Peremptory writ of mandate – Perfection (law), Perfect – Perfection (law) – Perform – Performance – Perjurer – Perjury – Permanent Court of Arbitration – Permanent injunction – Permissive – Perpetuity – Person – Person having ordinary skill in the art – ''persona non grata'' – Personal effects – Personal jurisdiction – Personal property – Personal recognizance – Personal representative – Service of process, Personal service – Personality rights – Personalty – Perversion – Petit jury – Petition – Petition for probate – Petition to make special – Petitioner – Petty larceny – Petty offenses – Philosophy of law – Physical custody – Physician-patient privilege – Picketing (protest), Picketing – Pierce the corporate veil – Piercing the corporate veil – Petty theft, Pilferage – Pillory – Pimp – Piracy – Plagiarism – Plain error – Plain view doctrine – Plaint note – Plaint number – Plaintiff – Public limited company, Plc – Plea – Plea bargain – Plea in abatement – Plead – Pleading – Pleadings – Plenary authority – Police – Police brutality – Police oppression – Police powers (United States constitutional law) – Police state – Political corruption, Corruption – Political prisoner – Political question – Political science – Poll tax, Poll tax (disambiguation) – Polyandry – Polygamy – Polygamy, Bigamy – Polygraph – Pornography – Port of entry – Positive law – Possession (law), Possession – Possession of stolen goods – Possession proceedings – Possessory – Possessory interest – Possibility of a reverter – ''post mortem'' – Postdated check – Cannabis (drug), Pot – Pour over will – Poverty law – power (sociology), Power – Power of appointment – Power of arrest – Power of attorney – Practice of law, Practice – Practice Direction – Practice of law – Praemunire – ''praetor peregrinus'' – Pre-emption rights – Precedent – Preemption of state and local laws in the United States – Preemptive right – Preference – Preferential creditor – Preferred dividend – Preferred stock – Pregnant denial – Preliminary hearing – Preliminary injunction – Premeditation – Premises – Prenuptial agreement – Preponderance of the evidence – Prerogative writ – Prescription drug – Prescriptive easement – President of the family division – Presiding judge – Presumption – Presumption of innocence – Pretermitted heir – Pretrial discovery – Price fixing – ''prima facie'' – Prima facie case – Prima impressionis – Prime suspect – ''primogeniture'' – Prior restraint – Prison – Prisoner of war – Privacy – Private bill – Private carrier – Private company – Private Express Statutes – Private international law – Private law – Private nuisance – Intimate part, Private parts – Private property – Private road – Privateer – Privilege (evidence) – Privilege (legal ethics) – Privilege against self incrimination – Privileged communication – Privity – Privy Council – Privy Council of Sweden – ''pro bono'' – ''pro bono publico'' – ''pro forma'' – ''pro hac vice'' – ''pro per'' – ''pro se'' – ''pro tanto'' – ''pro tem'' – ''pro tempore'' – Probable cause – Probate – Probation – Probative – Probative value – Procedendo – Procedural defense – Procedural justice – Procedural law – Procedural law, Procedure – Proceeding – legal process, Process – Process server – Proctor – Product liability – Professional corporation – Professional negligence – Proffer – Prohibition – Prohibition (writ), Writ of prohibition – Promise – Promissory estoppel – Promissory note – Property – Property damage – Property law – Property tax – ''propria persona'' – Ownership, Proprietary rights – Proprietor – Prosecute – Prosecution – Prosecutor – Prostitute – Prostitution – Protective custody – Restraining order, Protective order – Protest – Protocol (treaty), Protocol – Provisional remedy – Proximate cause – Prudent man rule – Public – Public administrator – Public-benefit nonprofit corporation, Public benefit corporation – Public company – Public company, Public corporation (disambiguation) – Public defender – Public domain – Public figure – Public limited company – Public nuisance – Public order – Public property – Public record – Public trust doctrine – Public trustee – Public use – Public utility – Publication – Publici juris – Publish – Puffery – Puisne judge – Punitive damages – Putative father – Putative father registry

Q

''quaere'' – ''quantum meruit'' – Quash – Quasi community property – Quasi contract – Quasi corporation – Quasi in rem – Quasi-contract – Quasi-criminal – Quasi-delict – Quasi-judicial – King's Bench (disambiguation), Queen's bench – Queen's Privy Council for Canada – King's Bench Division, Queens bench division – Queen's counsel – Question of fact – Question of law – ''qui tam action'' – ''quid pro quo'' – ''quid pro quo sexual harassment'' – Quiet enjoyment – Quiet title action – Quitclaim deed – Quitrent – ''quo warranto'' – Quorum – Quotient verdict – Qur'an

R

Rabbi – Rabbinic literature – Rabbinical Assembly – Race to the courthouse – Racial discrimination – Racial segregation – Racism – Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Racketeer influenced corrupt organization (RICO) statute – Racketeering – Radical transparency – Ransom – Rape – Ratification – Ratify – ''ratio decidendi'' – ''ratio scripta'' – Rational basis – ''Ratum sed non consummatum'' – Real estate – Real estate investment trust – Real party in interest – Real property – Realty – Reasonable care – Legal burden of proof, Reasonable doubt – Reasonable person, Reasonable man doctrine – Reasonable time – – Reasonableness – Rebbe – ''rebus sic stantibus'' – Rebuttable presumption – Rebuttal – Recapture – Receipt – Receivership – Recharacterisation – Recidivist – Reciprocal discovery – Recklessness (law), Reckless – Reckless disregard – Reckless driving – Recklessness (law), Recklessness – Recognisance – Reconstructionist Judaism – Reconveyance – Recorder (law), Recorder – Recording acts – Recoupment – Civil recovery, Recover – Civil recovery, Recoverable – Recusal – Rectification (law) – Recuse – Redemption (bonds) – Redemption of shares – Redemption value – Appeal, Redetermination – Redirect examination – Redundancy (law), Redundancy – Reentry – Referee – Referendum – Reform Judaism – Refugee – Refundable tax credit – Registered office – Registered trade mark – Registration statement – Registry of deeds – Regulation – Regulations – Regulatory taking – Rehearing (disambiguation), Rehearing – Reichstag Fire Decree – Reid technique – legal release, Release – Release on one's own recognizance – Relevancy – Relief – Religion and heterosexuality – Religion and homosexuality – Religious law – Remainder – Remainderman – Remand (court procedure) – Remittitur – Renting, Rent – Rent control – Rental value – Reorganization – Repair – Repeal – Repentance – Replevin – Reply brief – Reports – Repossess – Defense (legal), Represent – Defense (legal), Representation – Reprisal – Reputation – Requirements contract – ''res adjudicata'' – ''res gestae'' – ''res ipsa loquitur'' – ''res judicata'' – ''res nulis'' – ''res publica christiana'' – Resale – Rescind – Rescission (contract law), Rescission – Rescue doctrine – Reservation (law), Reservation – Reserved decision – Residency (domicile), Resident – Resident alien – Residuary bequest – Residuary estate – Residuary legatee – Residue (law), Residue – Resistance movement – Resisting arrest – Resolution (law), Resolution – Resolution of disputes – ''respondeat superior'' – Responsa – Moral responsibility, Responsibility – Restatement of the law – Restitution – Restorative justice – Restraining order – Restraint of trade – Restraint on alienation – Restrictive covenant – Result – Resulting trust – Retaining lien – Retention of title clause – Retire – Retraction in academic publishing, Retraction – Retrial – Retributive justice – Service of process, Return of service – Revenue ruling – Reversible error – Reversion (law), Reversion – Review – Revocable living trust – Revocation – Revoke – Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, RICO – Right of audience – Right of eminent domain – Right of survivorship – Right of the first night – Right-of-way – Right to privacy – Right to silence – Right-to-work laws – Rights – Riot – Riot control agent – Riparian – Riparian rights – Risk – Risk of loss – Ritual – Roadside test – Robbery – Robert's Rules of Order – Rocket docket – Rogatory letters – Roman Forum – Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Roman Inquisition – Roman law – Room (architecture), Room – Royal Assent – Royal Charter – Royal Commission – Royal Courts of Justice – Royal Prerogative – Royal warrant (disambiguation), Royal Warrant – Royalties – Law, Rule – Rule against perpetuities – Rule by decree – Rule in Allhusen v Whittell – Rule in Re Atkinson – Rule in Bartlett v Barclays Bank – Rule in Clayton's Case – Rule in Dearle v Hall – Rule in Dumpor's Case – Rule in Howe v Earl of Dartmouth – Rule in Saunders v Vautier – Rule in Shelley's Case – Rule in Wild's Case – Rule of law – Rulemaking – Rules of evidence – Court order, Ruling – Rum-running – Running with the land – Ruse of war

S

Sabotage – Sacred text – Salafi – Sales tax – Samaritan Pentateuch – Same-sex marriage – Sanctions (law), Sanctions – Sanhedrin –Sasine – Satyagraha – Save harmless – Savings and loan – Scapegoat – School of law – Sciens – ''scienter'' – ''scire facias'' – Scope of employment – Scots law – Scrivener – Scutage – ''se defendendo'' – Seal (device), Seal – Sealed verdict – Sealing of records – Search and seizure – Search warrant – Second degree murder – Secondary boycott – Secret police – Secret rebate – Secret tribunal – Secret trust – Secretary of State for the Home Department – Secularism – Secured creditor – Secured transaction – Security (finance), Security – Security agreement – Security deposit – Security for costs – Security interest – Security of tenure – Sedition – Seduction – Seigniorage – Seised – Seisin – Seized – Search and seizure, Seizure – Self-dealing – Self-defense (theory), Self-defense – Self-determination – Self-help – Self-incrimination – Seller – Semble – Semicha – Senior lien – Sentence (law) – Separate property – Legal separation, Separation – Separation of church and state – Separation of powers – Separatism – Septuagint – Serf – ''seriatim'' – servant (domestic), Servant – Service of process, Service – Service by fax – Service by mail – Service by publication – Service mark – Service of process – Service (economics), Services – Servient estate – Set-aside – Set-off (law), Set-off – Location (geography), Setting – Settle (law), Settle – Settlement (law), Settlement – Settlement agreement – Settlor – Seven deadly sins – Severable contract – Several liability – Sex offender – Sex offender registries in the United States – Sex tourism – Sex worker – Sex-related court cases – Sexual abuse – Sexual assault – Sexual discrimination – Sexual harassment – Sexual morality – Sexual norm – Shafi'i – Shaikh – Shall – Shame – Share (finance), Share – Share capital – Share certificate – Shareholder – Shareholders agreement – Shareholders' agreement – Shareholders' derivative action – Shareholders' meeting – Sharia law –Sharp practice – Shepardize – Sheriff – Sheriff's sale – Shield laws – Shifting the burden of proof – Shoplifting – Short cause – Shortening time – Show cause order – Shulkhan Arukh – Sick pay – Sidebar (law), Sidebar – Signature, Sign – Signature – Signing bonus – Silk – Simple trust – Simultaneous death act – Sin – Sin-offering – ''sine die'' – ''sine qua non'' – Single life annuity – Situated ethics – Situational ethics – ''situs (law)'' – Slander – Slander of title – Slavery – Slavery at common law – Small claims court – Small claims track – Smuggling – Socage – Social capital – Social control – Social justice – Socialist law – Society for Animal Protective Legislation – Sodomy – Sodomy law – Software license – Software patent – Copyright infringement of software – Sole proprietorship – Solicitation – Solicitor – Solitary confinement – Solvency – Solvent – Sound mind and memory – Sounds in – Southern Poverty Law Center – Sovereign immunity – Sovereignty – Spanish Constitution of 1978 – Spanish Inquisition – Speaking demurrer – Special administrator – Special damages – Special master – Special prosecutor – Special resolution – Special verdict – Specific bequest – Specific devise – Specific finding – Specific legacy – Specific performance – Speculative damages – Speed limit – Speed trap – Speedy trial – Spendthrift clause – Spendthrift trust – Spoliation of evidence – Spontaneous exclamation – Spot zoning – Spousal abuse – Alimony, Spousal support – Springing interest – Squatter – Squatting – Stakeholder (law), Stakeholder – Stamp duty – Standard form contract – Standard of care – Standing (law), Standing – Star Chamber – Star chamber proceedings – ''stare decisis'' – State act (disambiguation), State action – State of domicile – State of Emergency – State religion – State-owned enterprise – Stationhouse bail – Statism – Status conference – Statute – Statute of frauds – Statute of limitations – Statutes of fraud – Statutes of limitations – Statutory Instrument – Statutory law – Statutory offer of settlement – Statutory rape – Stay away order – Stay of execution – Stay of proceedings – Stipendiary magistrate – Stipulation – Stock – Stock certificate – Stock in trade – Stock option – Stockholder – Stockholders' derivative action – Stoning – Stop and frisk – Strata title – Strategic lawsuits against public participation – Straw deed – Straw man – Street – Strict construction – Strict liability – Strike action, Strike – Strike action – Structure – ''sua sponte'' – ''sub judice'' – ''sub modo'' – ''sub nomine'' – ''sub silentio'' – Sub-tenant – Subchapter S corporation – Subcontractor – Sublease – Sublet – Submitted – Subordination (finance), Subordination – Subordination agreement – Subornation of perjury – ''subpoena'' – ''subpoena ad testificum'' – ''subpoena duces tecum'' – Subrogation – Subrogee – Subrogor – Subscribe – Subscribers – Subsidiary company – Substantial performance – Substantive law – Substituted service – Substitution of attorney – Inheritance, Succession – Successive sentences – Suffering – Suffrage – Suggestion of death - ''sui generis'' – Suicide – Suitor – Sum certain – Summary adjudication of issues – Summary assessment – Summary dismissal – Summary judgment – Summary offence – Summation (law), Summation – Summing – Summons – Sunnah – Superior court – ''supersedeas'' – Superseding cause – Suppression of evidence – Supremacy clause – Supreme court – Supreme Court of Canada – Supreme Court of India – Supreme Court of judicature – Supreme Court of New Zealand – Surety – Surplusage – Surrebutal – Surrender (military), Surrender – Surrogate court – Survivorship – Suspended sentence – Sustain – Syndicate – Synod – Synthetic lease

T

Temporary restraining order, T.R.O. – Table A – Tacking (law) – Tainted evidence – Taking the fifth – Tallage – Talmud – Tangible personal property – Tangible property – Taqlid – Targeting civilians – Targum – Tax – Tax avoidance – Tax costs – Tax credit – Tax deduction – Tax evasion – Tax haven – Tax law – Tax sale – Tax treaty – Taxation in the United States – Taxation of costs – Temporary injunction – Temporary insanity – Ten Commandments – Tenancy – Tenancy at sufferance – Tenancy at will – Tenancy by the entirety – Tenancy in common – Tenement – Tentative trust – Tenure – Terms and conditions of employment – Terms and conditions of purchase – Terms and conditions of sale – Terms of disparagement – ''terra nullius'' – Territorial integrity – Terrorism – Test Act – Testacy – Testamentary – Testamentary capacity – Testamentary disposition – Testamentary trust – Testate – Testator – Testatrix – Testify – Testimony – Texas Declaration of Independence – The Crown, Crown – The Old Bailey, Old Bailey – The problem of evil – Theft – Theocracy – Third-party beneficiary – Thirty-day notice – Three strikes law – Three theological virtues – Tide lands – Time is of the essence – Time served – Timeshare – Tipstaff – Tithe – Title – Title abstract – Title insurance – Title report – Title search – Tolling (law), Toll – Toll bridge – Toll road – Tontine – Tools of trade – Torah – Torah study – Torrens title – Tort – Tort claims act – Tortfeasor – Tortious – Torture – Tosafists – Tosefta – Total depravity – Totalitarian democracy – Totalitarianism – Totten doctrine – Totten trust – Tracing (law) – Trade – Fixture (property law), Trade fixture – Trade name – Trade secret – Trade union – Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property rights – Trademark – Trademarks registry – Tragedy of the commons – Transfer agent – Transfer in contemplation of death – Transfer of shares – Transferred intent – Transparency (humanities), Transparency – Treason – Treasure trove – Treasury security – Treasury stock – Treaty – Treaty of Waitangi – Treble damages – Trespass – trial (law), Trial – Trial advocacy – Trial by combat – Trial by ordeal – Trial court – Trial de novo – Trial in absentia, Trial ''in absentia'' – Tribunal – Tribute – Trier of fact – ''trinoda necessitas'' – Triple net lease – Truancy – True bill – Trust law – Trust fund – Trust instrument – Trust (law), Trustee – Trustee in bankruptcy – Settlor, Trustor – Trusts and estates – Truth in Lending Act – Try title – Turn state's evidence – Twelve Tables – Twinkie defense

U

Uberrima fides – UCC-1 – Ulema – Ultimate fact – ''ultra vires'' – Ultrahazardous activity – Unclean hands – Unconscionable – Constitutionality, Unconstitutional – Driving under the influence, Under the influence – Underground Railroad – Underwrite – Underwriter – Underwriting agreement – Undisclosed principal – Undivided interest – Undue influence – Unfair competition – Unfair dismissal – Unfree labour – Unified estate and gift tax – Uniform Code of Military Justice – Uniform Commercial Code – Uniform reciprocal enforcement of support act – Unilateral contract – Uninsured motorist clause – Unissued stock – Unitary state – United Nations Charter – United Nations Convention Against Torture – United States bankruptcy court – United States Bill of Rights – United States Code – United States Constitution – United States constitutional law – United States court of appeals – United States Declaration of Independence – United States Department of Justice – United States district court – United States Federal Income Tax Personal Exemption – United States federal judicial circuit – United States federal judicial district – United States Office of the Independent Counsel – United States Patent and Trademark Office – United States prison population – United States Supreme Court – United States tax reform – United States trademark law, Trademark Law (United States) – Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare – Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Universal jurisdiction – Unjust enrichment – Unjust taking – Crime, Unlawful – Unlawful assembly – Unlawful detainer – ''uno flatu'' – Custom (law), Unofficial law – Unreasonable search and seizure – Unspecified claim – Use tax – Usucaption – Usufruct – Usurious – Usury – ''uti possidetis'' – Utilitarianism – Utility (patent)

V

Vacated judgment – ''Vacatio legis'' – Valid claim – Valuable consideration – Variance (land use), Variance – Vehicular homicide – ''vel non'' – Vendée – Vendor – ''venire'' – Venue (law) – Verdict – Vesting – Vested remainder – Vested right – Vexatious litigation – Vicarious liability – Vice-Chancellor (UK legal system) – ''vice versa'' – ''vide (Latin), vide'' – ''videlicet'' – Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations – Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties – Vigilantism – Violence – Virginia Declaration of Rights – Virtue ethics – Virtue jurisprudence – Visitation right – ''viz.'' – Void (law), Void – Vagueness doctrine – Void marriage – Voidable – Voidable marriage – Voir dire – Volens – Voluntary association – Voluntary bankruptcy – Voting trust – Vulgate

W

Wage execution – Wahhabism – Waive – Waiver – Walking possession – Waqf – War crime – War Crimes Law (Belgium) – War on Drugs – War Powers Resolution – War reparations – Ward (legal) – Ward of court – Ward (law), Wardship – Warrant (legal) – Warrant of committal – Warrant of delivery – Warrant of execution – Warrant of possession – Warranty – Warranty deed – Waste – Watered stock – Weimar constitution – West American Digest System – Wet reckless – Whiplash (medicine) – Whistleblower – White collar crime – Widow – Widow's election – Widower – Will (law), Will – Will contest – Willful violation, Willful – Willfully – Winding up – Window tax – Telephone tapping, Wiretap – Witchhunt – Witness – Witness stand – Witness statement – Words of art – Work stoppage – Workers' compensation – Workers' compensation acts – Workmen's compensation – Great Ape Project#World Declaration on Great Apes, World Declaration on Great Apes – World Intellectual Property Organization – World Trade Organization – Writ – Writ of attachment – Writ of coram nobis – Writ of execution – Writ of mandate – Wrongful death – Wrongful dismissal, Wrongful discharge – Wrongful dismissal – Wrongful dismissal, Wrongful termination – Wrongful trading

X

Nothing Law related seems to begin with X, if you find something please add it!

Y

Yellow Dog contract – Yeshiva – Youthful offender

Z

Zoning

References

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