The following

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Lebanon:

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...

–

sovereign country A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined terr ...

located along the eastern edge of the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...

Southwest Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Ana ...

and the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europ ...

. Lebanon, due to its tense

sect A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, usually an offshoot of a larger group. Although the term was originally a classification for religious separated groups, it can now refer to any organization that ...

arian diversity, has a unique political system, known as confessionalism, in which each religious group is allocated a fixed number of seats in parliament. The country enjoyed a period of relative calm and prosperity before the devastating

Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( ar, الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, translit=Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities a ...

from 1975 to 1990. In 2005, a wave of demonstrations known as the

Cedar Revolution The Cedar Revolution ( ar, ثورة الأرز, ''thawrat al-arz'') or Independence Uprising ( ar, انتفاضة الاستقلال, ''intifāḍat al-istiqlāl'') was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) tri ...

ended the 30-year

Syrian occupation of Lebanon The Syrian occupation of Lebanon ( ar, الاحتلال السوري للبنان, french: Occupation syrienne du Liban) began in 1976, during the Lebanese Civil War, and ended on 30 April 2005 after the Cedar Revolution and several demonstrat ...

. By early 2006, a considerable degree of stability had been achieved throughout much of the country and

Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...

's reconstruction was almost complete, but a debilitating 2006 war and internal strife caused significant economic damage and loss of life. Lebanon has shown remarkable resilience to the

Late 2000s recession The Great Recession was a period of marked general decline, i.e. a recession, observed in national economies globally that occurred from late 2007 into 2009. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At t ...

General reference

Pronunciation Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct pronunciation") or simply the way a particular ...

: * Common English country name:

* Official English country name: The

Lebanese Republic Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus lie ...

or the Republic of Lebanon * Common endonym(s): * Official endonym(s): * Adjectival: Lebanese * Demonym: Lebanese *

Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...

: Name of Lebanon * International rankings of Lebanon *

ISO country codes ISO 3166-1 (''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes'') is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It ...

: LB, LBN, 422 *

ISO region codes ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The ...

: See ISO 3166-2:LB *

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all ...

.lb .lb is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Lebanon. The official registration rules say that it is necessary to have a Lebanese trademark A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a type of intellectual p ...

Geography of Lebanon

Geography of Lebanon Lebanon is a small country in the Middle East, located at approximately 34˚N, 35˚E. It stretches along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and its length is almost three times its width. From north to south, the width of its terrain beco ...

* Lebanon is a

country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while ...

* Location ** Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere **

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...

***

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

****

***** Eastern shore of the

***

The Levant The Levant () is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is eq ...

Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it ...

Eastern European Time Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+02:00 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. The zone uses daylight saving time, so that it uses UTC+03:00 during the summer. A number of African countries use UTC ...

(

UTC+02 UTC+02:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +02:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2020-11-08T23:41:45+02:00. This time is used in: As standard time (year-round) ''Principal cities: Cairo, Pretoria, Cape ...

Eastern European Summer Time Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of the UTC+03:00 time zone, which is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used as a summer daylight saving time in some European and Middle Eastern countries, which makes ...

(

UTC+03 UTC+03:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +03:00. In areas using this time offset, the time is three hours later than the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Following the ISO 8601 standard, a time with this offset would be wri ...

) ** Extreme points of Lebanon *** High:

Qurnat as Sawda' Qurnat as Sawdā ( ar , القرنة السوداء), is the highest point in Lebanon and the Levant, at 3,088 meters above sea level. It is found at the peak of Jabal al Makmel, a mountain range in the Bsharri District, North Lebanon. Name ...

*** Low:

0 m ** Land boundaries: 454 km :: 375 km :: 79 km :* Coastline:

225 km * Population of Lebanon: 6,824,986 - 106th most populous country * Area of Lebanon: 10,452 km² * Atlas of Lebanon

Environment of Lebanon

* Climate of Lebanon * Renewable energy in Lebanon * Geology of Lebanon * Protected areas of Lebanon ** Biosphere reserves in Lebanon ** National parks of Lebanon * Wildlife of Lebanon ** Fauna of Lebanon *** Birds of Lebanon *** Mammals of Lebanon

Natural geographic features of Lebanon

* Glaciers of Lebanon * Islands of Lebanon * Lakes of Lebanon *

Mountains of Lebanon A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher th ...

** Volcanoes in Lebanon *

Rivers of Lebanon This is a list of all waterways named as rivers in Lebanon. Lebanon has 22 rivers all of which are non navigable; 28 rivers originate on the western face of the Lebanon range and run through the steep gorges and into the Mediterranean Sea, the ot ...

** Waterfalls of Lebanon *

Valleys of Lebanon A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over ...

* List of World Heritage Sites in Lebanon

Regions of Lebanon

Ecoregions of Lebanon

List of ecoregions in Lebanon * Ecoregions in Lebanon

Administrative divisions of Lebanon

Administrative divisions of Lebanon * Governorates of Lebanon ** Districts of Lebanon ***

Municipalities of Lebanon The 26 districts of Lebanon are subdivided into municipalities. The following is the list of the municipalities of Lebanon. Akkar Governorate Akkar Governorate : Abboudieh : Aidamoun – Chikhalar : Akkar al-Atika : Andket : Ayat : Bayno – ...

= Governorates of Lebanon

= * Governorates of Lebanon **

Akkar Akkar District ( ar, قضاء عكار) is the only district in Akkar Governorate, Lebanon. It is coextensive with the governorate and covers an area of . The UNHCR estimated the population of the district to be 389,899 in 2015, including 106,935 ...

** Baalbek-Hermel **

** Beqaa ** Mount Lebanon **

Nabatieh Nabatieh ( ar, النبطية, links=no, ', ), or Nabatîyé (), is the city of the Nabatieh Governorate, in southern Lebanon. The population is not accurately known as no census has been taken in Lebanon since the 1930s; estimates range from ...

North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. Etymology The word ''north ...

** South

= Districts of Lebanon

= Municipalities of Lebanon

* Capital of Lebanon:

* Cities of Lebanon

Demography of Lebanon

Demographics of Lebanon This is a demography of the population of Lebanon including population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. About 95% of the population of Lebanon is ...

Religion in Lebanon Lebanon is an eastern Mediterranean country that has the most religiously diverse society within the Middle East, comprising 18 recognized religious sects. The primary religions are Islam (Sunni, Shia, and a small number of Alawites and Ismail ...

***

Christianity in Lebanon Christianity in Lebanon has a long and continuous history. Biblical Scriptures purport that Peter and Paul evangelized the Phoenicians, whom they affiliated to the ancient patriarchate of Antioch. The spread of Christianity in Lebanon was ...

**** Lebanese Maronite Christians ****

Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians (Arabic: المسيحية الأرثوذكسية الرومية في لبنان) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch in Lebanon, which is an autocephalous Greek O ...

****

Lebanese Melkite Christians Lebanese Melkite Christians are the adherents of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church in Lebanon, which is the third largest Christian group in the country after the Maronite Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch. The Lebanese Melkite ...

****

Lebanese Protestant Christians Lebanese Protestant Christians ( ar, بروتستانت لبنان) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of Protestantism in Lebanon and who are a Christian minority in an overwhelmingly Muslim (28% Shia, 28% Sunni), 5.5% Druze and Christi ...

*****

Lebanese Baptists Lebanese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the Lebanese Republic * Lebanese people, people from Lebanon or of Lebanese descent * Lebanese Arabic, the colloquial form of Arabic spoken in Lebanon * Lebanese culture * Lebanese cuisi ...

****

Armenian Apostolic Christians , native_name_lang = hy , icon = Armenian Apostolic Church logo.svg , icon_width = 100px , icon_alt = , image = Էջմիածնի_Մայր_Տաճար.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , a ...

****

Armenian Catholics , native_name_lang = hy , image = St Elie - St Gregory Armenian Catholic Cathedral.jpg , imagewidth = 260px , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illumina ...

****

Minorities (Lebanon) In Lebanese politics Minorities ( ar, أقليات ''’Aqaliyāt'') is a term that includes six different Christian sects; Syriac Orthodox, Syriac Catholics, Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholics, Latin Catholics and Coptic Orthodox.'' ...

***

Islam in Lebanon Islam in Lebanon has a long and continuous history. According to an estimate by the CIA, it is followed by 67.8% of the country's total population. Sunnis make up 31.9%, Shias make up 31.2%, with smaller percentages of Alawites and Ismailis. T ...

****

Lebanese Shia Muslims Lebanese Shia Muslims ( ar, المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيين), historically known as ''matāwila'' ( ar, متاولة, plural of ''mutawālin'' ebanese pronounced as ''metouali'' refers to Lebanese people who are adherents ...

****

Lebanese Sunni Muslims Lebanese Sunni Muslims ( ar, المسلمون السنة اللبنانيين) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is one of the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shias. Sunni Islam ...

****

Lebanese Druze Lebanese Druze ( ar, دروز لبنان, durūz lubnān) are Lebanese people who are Druze. The Druze faith is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion, and an ethnoreligious esoteric group originating from the Near East who self identify as unit ...

****

Alawites in Lebanon Lebanese Shia Muslims ( ar, المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيين), historically known as ''matāwila'' ( ar, متاولة, plural of ''mutawālin'' ebanese pronounced as ''metouali'' refers to Lebanese people who are adherents ...

*** Judaism in Lebanon **

Ethnic groups An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...

***

Syrians in Lebanon Syrians in Lebanon ( ar, السوريون في لبنان) refers to the Syrian migrant workers and, more recently, to the Syrian refugees who fled to Lebanon during the Syrian Civil War. The relationship between Lebanon and Syria includes Maroni ...

***

Palestinians in Lebanon Palestinians in Lebanon include the Palestinian refugees who fled to Lebanon during the 1948 Palestine War, their descendants, the Palestinian militias which resided in Lebanon in the 1970s and 1980s, and Palestinian nationals who moved to Leb ...

***

Armenians in Lebanon The Armenians in Lebanon ( hy, Լիբանանահայեր, translit=Libananahayer; ar, الأرمن في لبنان; french: Arméniens du Liban) are Lebanese citizens of Armenian descent. There has been an Armenian presence in Lebanon for centu ...

***

Iraqis in Lebanon Iraqis in Lebanon are people of Iraqi origin residing in Lebanon and Lebanese citizens of Iraqi ancestry. Statistics for Iraqi refugees in Lebanon vary, but typically put the number at around 50,000. History Iraqis have been present in Lebanon f ...

***

Kurds in Lebanon Kurds in Lebanon are people born in or residing in Lebanon who are of full or partial Kurdish origin. Estimates on the number of Kurds in Lebanon prior to 1985 were around 60,000. Today, there are tens of thousands of Kurds in Lebanon, mainly in ...

***

Turks in Lebanon Lebanese Turkmen ( tr, Lübnan Türkmenleri; ar, أتراك لبنان, ''Atrāk Lubnān''), also known as the Lebanese Turks, are people of Turkish people, Turkish ancestry that live in Lebanon. The historic rule of several Turkic dynasties in ...

***

Assyrians in Lebanon Assyrians in Lebanon ( syr, ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ; ar, الآشوريين في لبنان; french: Libanais-Assyriens) are people of Assyrian descent living in Lebanon. It is estimated that there are approximately 30,000 Assyrians currently r ...

*** Circassians in Lebanon ***

French people in Lebanon French people in Lebanon (or French Lebanese) are French citizens resident in Lebanon, including many binationals and persons of mixed ancestry. French statistics estimated that there were around 21,500 French citizens living in Lebanon in 2011. ...

*** Italians in Lebanon * Handicapped in Lebanon ** Lebanese Physically Handicapped Union

Neighbors of Lebanon

* Syria - to the north and east *

Region of Palestine Palestine ( el, Παλαιστίνη, ; la, Palaestina; ar, فلسطين, , , ; he, פלשתינה, ) is a geographic region in Western Asia. It is usually considered to include Israel and the State of Palestine (i.e. West Bank and Gaza S ...

(

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

) - to the south

Government and politics of Lebanon

Politics of Lebanon Lebanon is a parliamentary democratic republic within the overall framework of confessionalism, a form of consociationalism in which the highest offices are proportionately reserved for representatives from certain religious communities. The ...

* Form of government: * Capital of Lebanon:

Elections in Lebanon Elections in Lebanon are allotted to occur every four years. Every citizen is allowed to vote, but the positions are constitutionally allocated by religious affiliation. In 2014, the Parliament failed to elect a president and extended its own ter ...

2005 Lebanese general election General elections were held in Lebanon in May and June 2005 to elect the 128 members of the Parliament of Lebanon. They were the second elections in thirty years without a Syrian military or intelligence presence in Lebanon. These elections were t ...

2009 Lebanese general election Parliamentary elections were held in Lebanon on 7 June 2009 to elect all 128 members of the Parliament of Lebanon. Background Before the election, the voting age was to be lowered from 21 to 18 years, but as this requires a constitutional a ...

* Political parties in Lebanon

Branches of the government of Lebanon

Government of Lebanon Lebanon is a parliamentary democratic republic within the overall framework of confessionalism, a form of consociationalism in which the highest offices are proportionately reserved for representatives from certain religious communities. The ...

Executive branch of the government of Lebanon

Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

President of Lebanon The President of the Lebanese Republic ( ar, رئيس الجمهورية اللبنانية, rayiys aljumhuriat allubnania; french: Président de la République Libanaise) is the head of state of Lebanon. The president is elected by the parliame ...

, ''vacant'' *

Head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, ...

Prime Minister of Lebanon The Prime Minister of Lebanon, officially the President of the Council of Ministers, is the head of government and the head of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon. The Prime Minister is appointed by the president of Lebanon, with the consent ...

Najib Mikati Najib Azmi Mikati ( ar, نجيب عزمي ميقاتي; born 24 November 1955) is a Lebanese politician and businessman, and three-time Prime Minister of Lebanon whose current term began in September 2021. He also serves as the acting President ...

Parliament of Lebanon The Lebanese Parliament ( ar, مجلس النواب, translit=Majlis an-Nuwwab; french: Chambre des députés) is the national parliament of the Republic of Lebanon. There are 128 members elected to a four-year term in multi-member consti ...

: Headed by Speaker

Nabih Berri Nabih Berri ( ar, نبيه مصطفى بري, translit=Nabīh Muṣṭafā Barriyy, links=hh; born 28 January 1938) is a Lebanese Shia politician who has been serving as Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon since 1992. He heads the Amal Moveme ...

Legislative branch of the government of Lebanon

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...

of Lebanon: Chamber of Deputies (

unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...

)

Judicial branch of the government of Lebanon

* Court system of Lebanon

Foreign relations of Lebanon

Foreign relations of Lebanon * Diplomatic missions in Lebanon *

Diplomatic missions of Lebanon This is a list of diplomatic missions of Lebanon, excluding honorary consulates. Africa * ** Algiers (Embassy) * ** Kinshasa (Embassy) * ** Cairo (Embassy) ** Alexandria (Consulate-General) * ** Libreville (Embassy) * ** Accra (Embassy) * ** ...

International organization membership

The Lebanese Republic is a member of: *

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa The Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique) (المصرف العربي للتنمية الاقتصادية في أفريقيا) was established pursuant to the resolution o ...

(ABEDA) * Arab Fund for Economic and Development (AFESD) *

Arab Monetary Fund The Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) is a regional Arab organization, a working sub-organization of the Arab League. It was founded 1976, and has been operational since 1977. History The first president and director of the Arab Monetary Fund, from 1 ...

(AMF) *

Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...

(FAO) *

Group of 24 The Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs and Development, or The Group of 24 (G-24) was established in 1971 as a chapter of the Group of 77 in order to help coordinate the positions of developing countries on ...

(G24) * Group of 77 (G77) * International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) * International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) *

International Chamber of Commerce The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC; French: ''Chambre de commerce internationale'') is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its over 45 million members in over 100 countries have interests spanning every sec ...

(ICC) *

International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...

(ICAO) *

International Criminal Police Organization The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...

(Interpol) * International Development Association (IDA) * International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) *

International Finance Corporation The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of ...

(IFC) * International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) *

International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...

(ILO) * International Maritime Organization (IMO) *

International Mobile Satellite Organization The International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) is the intergovernmental organization that oversees certain public satellite safety and security communication services provided via the Inmarsat satellites. Some of these services concern: ...

(IMSO) *

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster glo ...

(IMF) *

International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...

(IOC) *

International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Art ...

(ISO) * International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) *

International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Unio ...

(ITU) *

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) is an intergovernmental organization charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat, which was privatized in 2001. It incorporates the principle set forth ...

(ITSO) * Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) *

Islamic Development Bank The Islamic Development Bank ( ar, البنك الإسلامي للتنمية, abbreviated as IsDB) is a multilateral development finance institution that is focused on Islamic finance for infrastructure development and located in Jeddah, Saudi ...

(IDB) *

League of Arab States League or The League may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Leagues'' (band), an American rock band * ''The League'', an American sitcom broadcast on FX and FXX about fantasy football Sports * Sports league * Rugby league, full contact footba ...

(LAS) *

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is an international financial institution which offers political risk insurance and credit enhancement guarantees. These guarantees help investors protect foreign direct investments against ...

(MIGA) * Nonaligned Movement (NAM) *''

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie The (OIF; sometimes shortened to the Francophonie, french: La Francophonie , but also called International Organisation of in English-language context) is an international organization representing countries and regions where French is a ...

'' (OIF) *

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from ...

(OIC) * Organization of American States (OAS) (observer) *

Permanent Court of Arbitration The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is a non-UN intergovernmental organization located in The Hague, Netherlands. Unlike a judicial court in the traditional sense, the PCA provides services of arbitral tribunal to resolve disputes that aris ...

(PCA) *

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...

(UN) *

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the ...

(UNCTAD) *

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

(UNESCO) *

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integrati ...

(UNHCR) *

United Nations Industrial Development Organization The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French: Organisation des Nations unies pour le développement industriel; French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists countries in ...

(UNIDO) *

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) is a UN agency that supports the relief and human development of Palestinian refugees. UNRWA's mandate encompasses Palestinians displaced by the 1948 P ...

(UNRWA) *

Universal Postal Union The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to ...

(UPU) *

World Customs Organization The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. The WCO works on customs-related matters including the development of international conventions, instruments, and tools on topics su ...

(WCO) *

World Federation of Trade Unions The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade unions established in 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the International Federation o ...

(WFTU) *

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of ...

(WHO) *

World Intellectual Property Organization The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; french: link=no, Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). Pursuant to the 1967 Convention Establishi ...

(WIPO) *

World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics. The WMO originated from the Intern ...

(WMO) *

World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations specialized agency entrusted with the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. Its headquarters are in Madrid, Spain. UNWTO is the leading internati ...

(UNWTO) *

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and ...

(WTO) (observer)

Law and order in Lebanon

Law of Lebanon *

Constitution of Lebanon The Constitution of Lebanon was adopted on 23 May 1926. Article 11, on the Official National Language, declares that "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language may be used." The most recent ...

* Crime in Lebanon * Human rights in Lebanon **

LGBT rights in Lebanon Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) persons living in Lebanon may face difficulties not experienced by non-LGBT residents, though they are considerably more free than in other parts of the Arab world. Various courts have ruled ...

** Freedom of religion in Lebanon * Law enforcement in Lebanon

Military of Lebanon

Military of Lebanon A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

* Command ** Commander-in-chief: Joseph Aoun ***

Ministry of National Defense {{unsourced, date=February 2021 A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in states ...

* Forces ** Army of Lebanon ** Navy of Lebanon ** Air Force of Lebanon ** Special forces of Lebanon * Military history of Lebanon ** Wars involving the Lebanon *

Military ranks of Lebanon The Military ranks of Lebanon are the military insignia used by the Lebanese Armed Forces. Being a former French mandate, Lebanon shares a rank structure similar to that of France. Commissioned officer ranks The rank insignia of commissioned offi ...

Local government in Lebanon

History of Lebanon

* Economic history of Lebanon * Military history of Lebanon * History of Lebanon * History of ancient Lebanon ** Prehistory of Lebanon

Culture of Lebanon

Culture of Lebanon The culture of Lebanon and the Lebanese people emerged from various civilizations over thousands of years. It was home to the Phoenicians and was subsequently conquered and occupied by the Assyrians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Persians, t ...

Architecture of Lebanon The architecture of Lebanon embodies the historical, cultural and religious influences that have shaped Lebanon's built environment. It has been influenced by the Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines, Umayyads, Crusaders, Mamluks, Ottomans and F ...

* Cuisine of Lebanon * Ethnic minorities in Lebanon * Festivals in Lebanon *

Languages of Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...

* Lebanese society * Media in Lebanon * Museums in Lebanon *

National symbols of Lebanon National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, c ...

Coat of arms of Lebanon The coat of arms of Lebanon ( ar, شعار لبنان) consists of a red shield with a white bend sinister on which is placed a cedar tree. It is very similar to the flag of Lebanon, with the exception of the Spanish fess on the flag being chan ...

Flag of Lebanon The national flag of Lebanon ( ar, علم لبنان) is formed of two horizontal red stripes enveloping a horizontal white stripe. The white stripe is twice the height (width) of the red ones (ratio 1:2:1)—a Spanish fess. The green cedar (L ...

National anthem of Lebanon The Lebanese National Anthem ( ar, النشيد الوطني اللبناني, ), officially known as "", was written by Rashid Nakhle and composed by Wadia Sabra. It was adopted on 12 July 1927, seven years after the proclamation of the state o ...

* People of Lebanon *

Prostitution in Lebanon Prostitution in Lebanon is nominally legal and regulated. However, no licences have been issued since 1975. In modern Lebanon, prostitution takes place semi-officially via 'super night clubs', and illegally on the streets, in bars, hotels and brothe ...

Public holidays in Lebanon The primary national holiday is Independence Day which is celebrated on November 22. National Holidays Other Holidays References Lebanon Holidays A holiday is a day set aside by custom or by law on which normal activities, especia ...

* Records of Lebanon *

Buddhism in Lebanon It is estimated that in the Middle East, over 900,000 people profess Buddhism as their religion. Buddhist adherents make up just over 0.3% of the Middle East total population. Many of these Buddhists are workers who have migrated from Asia to the ...

Druze in Lebanon Lebanese Druze ( ar, دروز لبنان, durūz lubnān) are Lebanese people who are Druze. The Druze faith is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion, and an ethnoreligious esoteric group originating from the Near East who self identify as unit ...

Hinduism in Lebanon Hinduism can be found in the Arab world from the mid of 19th century, millions of members of the Indian diaspora, of different religions, reside and work in Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Many of them are Hindu. Many came due to the migration ...

** Judaism in Lebanon ** Sikhism in Lebanon * List of World Heritage Sites in Lebanon

Art in Lebanon

* Art in Lebanon *

Cinema of Lebanon The cinema of Lebanon, according to film critic and historian Roy Armes, is the only other cinema in the Arabic-speaking region, beside Egypt's, that could amount to a national cinema.Armes, Roy. ''Arab Filmmakers of the Middle East: a Dictionar ...

* Literature of Lebanon *

Music of Lebanon The music of Lebanon has a long history. Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon, has long been known, especially in a period immediately following World War II, for its art and intellectualism. Several singers emerged in this period, among the most fam ...

Television in Lebanon Television in Lebanon arose as a private initiative and not a state-institution. Lebanon was the first country in the Middle East & the Arab world to have indigenous television broadcasting.''Gale Encyclopedia of the Mideast & N. Africa: Radio and ...

* Theatre in Lebanon

Sports in Lebanon

Sports in Lebanon *

Football in Lebanon Football is the most popular sport in Lebanon. It was introduced to Lebanon in the late-19th century, becoming particularly popular among teachers and students Christian schools. The Lebanese Football Association (LFA) was formed in 1933 as one ...

Lebanon at the Olympics Lebanon's first appearance in the Olympics was in 1936 when a "delegation of officials" attended the Summer Olympics in Berlin. Following the formation of the Lebanese Olympic Committee in 1947, Lebanon participated for the first time at the Olym ...

Basketball in Lebanon Basketball is one of the most popular sports in Lebanon. The Lebanese Basketball Federation FLB is a member of the Asian federation FIBA Asia and international federation FIBA and also a member of the Arab Basketball Federation History The first ...

Skiing in Lebanon Skiing in Lebanon has been a popular sport since an engineering student returning from studying in Switzerland brought back with him the sport of skiing to Lebanon in the early twentieth century.Anthony, Leslie. White Planet: A Mad Dash Through M ...

Ski resorts A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area – a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. In ...

Lebanon Mountain Trail The Lebanon Mountain Trail (LMT) is a long-distance hiking trail in Lebanon. It extends from Andaket in north of Lebanon to Marjayoun in the south along a path that transects more than 75 towns and villages at altitudes ranging from 570 ...

Economy and infrastructure of Lebanon

Economy of Lebanon The economy of Lebanon has been experiencing, as of late 2019, a large-scale, multi-dimensional crisis, including a banking collapse, a liquidity crisis and a sovereign default. It is classified as a developing, lower-middle-income economy. Th ...

* Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 85th (eighty-fifth) *

Agriculture in Lebanon Agriculture in Lebanon is the third most productive sector in the country after the tertiary and industrial sectors. It contributes 5 percent of GDP and 8 percent of the effective labor force. The sector includes a large informal Syrian labor and ...

* Banking in Lebanon **

National Bank In banking, the term national bank carries several meanings: * a bank owned by the state * an ordinary private bank which operates nationally (as opposed to regionally or locally or even internationally) * in the United States, an ordinary p ...

of Lebanon:

Banque du Liban Banque du Liban (BdL, ar, مصرف لبنان, English: Bank of Lebanon) is the central bank of Lebanon. It was established on August 1, 1963, and became fully operational on April 1, 1964. It is currently headed by Riad Salameh. One of the ma ...

Communications in Lebanon Posts and telecommunications have long played an essential role in Lebanon, a small country with an expansive diaspora, a vivid media landscape, and an economy geared toward trade and banking. The sector's history has nonetheless been chaotic, marke ...

** Internet in Lebanon * Companies of Lebanon * Currency of Lebanon: Pound ** ISO 4217: LBP * Economic history of Lebanon * Energy in Lebanon ** Energy policy of Lebanon ** Oil industry in Lebanon * Health care in Lebanon * Mining in Lebanon * National Stock Exchange of Lebanon:

Beirut Stock Exchange The Beirut Stock Exchange (BSE, Arabic: بورصة بيروت) is the principal and only stock exchange of Lebanon. Located in Beirut, it is a public institution run by a committee including a Chairman, a Vice-Chairman and eight members appointed ...

* Tourism in Lebanon *

Transport in Lebanon Transportation in Lebanon varies greatly in quality from the ultramodern Beirut International Airport to poor road conditions in many parts of the country. The Lebanese civil war between 1975 and 1990 and the 2006 Lebanon War with Israel severely ...

** Airports in Lebanon **

Rail transport in Lebanon Rail transport in Lebanon began in the 1890s as French projects under the Ottoman Empire but largely ceased in the 1970s owing to the country's civil war. The last remaining routes ended for economic reasons in the 1990s. At its peak Lebanon had ...

** Roads in Lebanon *

Water supply and sanitation in Lebanon Water supply and sanitation in Lebanon is characterized by a number of achievements and challenges. The achievements include the reconstruction of infrastructure after the 1975–90 Civil War and the 2006 war with Israel, as well as the reform o ...

Education in Lebanon

Education in Lebanon Education in Lebanon is regulated by the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MEHE). In Lebanon, the main three languages, English and/or French with Arabic are taught from early years in schools. English or French are the mandatory media o ...

Ministry of Education and Higher Education The Republic of Lebanon Ministry of Education & Higher Education ( ar, الجمهورية اللبنانية وزارة التربية والتعليم العالي; french: Ministère de l'éducation et l'éducation supérieure) is a government ...

References

External links

; General information
Lebanon
at

The World Factbook ''The World Factbook'', also known as the ''CIA World Factbook'', is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. The official print version is availabl ...

LibanVote
(comprehensive electoral database)

includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports ; News
OTVAl-Manar TVAnNahar newspaper

L'Orient-Le Jour
(Lebanese daily newspaper in French)
Future TVLiban Press
(Lebanese news headlines)
Liban3000.comLebanese Tag

Ya Libnan

NOW Lebanon

United Nations - Mehlis Report
official report of the investigation into Rafiq al-Hariri's assassination ; Government
The Lebanese Governmental Portal for Information & FormsOfficial site of the President of the Lebanese RepublicOfficial site of The Lebanese Parliament

Central Administration for StatisticsThe Lebanese Armed ForcesMinistry of TourismInternal Security ForcesCentral Bank of LebanonBeirut Stock ExchangePermanent Mission of Lebanon to the United Nations
; Non-Governmental Organizations
The Center for Democracy in Lebanon
; Web portals
Lebanon tourism guide
Lebanon panorama tours
Lebanese White Pageswww.lebconnection.com
Business networking site for the Lebanese community
NaharnetLebanese Tag
News and events from Lebanon
Ya Libnan
Live news from Beirut
LebMoon.Com
Arabic Lebanese Forum * LSCCB — Lebanese Society for Children Capacity Building ; Culture and education
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in LebanonAl-Bustan Festival, Beit Meri

Baalbek FestivalBeiteddine Festival

Tyre FestivalByblos FestivalLebanese Cultural Journal

The National Museum of Beirut ; Festivals *[http://www.baalbeck.org.lb/ BaalbeckBaalbeck">The National Museum of Beirut ; Festivals *[http://www.baalbeck.org.lb/ Baalbeck
*[http://www.beiteddine.org/ BeiteddineBeiteddine">Baalbeck">The National Museum of Beirut ; Festivals *[http://www.baalbeck.org.lb/ Baalbeck
*[http://www.beiteddine.org/ Beiteddine
*[http://www.byblosfestival.org/ ByblosByblos">Beiteddine">Baalbeck">The National Museum of Beirut ; Festivals *[http://www.baalbeck.org.lb/ Baalbeck
*[http://www.beiteddine.org/ Beiteddine
*[http://www.byblosfestival.org/ Byblos
*[http://www.tyrefestival.com/ Tyre
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305003937/http://www.estivalesdeirelqamar.org/ Deir el Qamar">Tyre">Byblos">Beiteddine">Baalbeck">The National Museum of Beirut ; Festivals
BaalbeckBeiteddineByblos
*[http://www.tyrefestival.com/ Tyre
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305003937/http://www.estivalesdeirelqamar.org/ Deir el Qamar
; Travel and Tourism * *[https://web.archive.org/web/20181107155547/https://libanon-reise.de/ Libanon-Reise.de
- German website with travel information about Lebanon *[http://www.lebanon-tourism.gov.lb/ Ministry of Tourism
- Official website of the Lebanese Ministry of Tourism *[http://tyros.leb.net/ Lebanon, the Cedars' Land
- Clickable Maps of Lebanon in 7 Languages with famous historic and touristic cities. {{DEFAULTSORT:Lebanon Outlines of countries, Lebanon">Lebanon, the Cedars' Land">ByblosTyreDeir el Qamar
; Travel and Tourism * *[https://web.archive.org/web/20181107155547/https://libanon-reise.de/ Libanon-Reise.de
- German website with travel information about Lebanon *[http://www.lebanon-tourism.gov.lb/ Ministry of Tourism
- Official website of the Lebanese Ministry of Tourism *[http://tyros.leb.net/ Lebanon, the Cedars' Land
- Clickable Maps of Lebanon in 7 Languages with famous historic and touristic cities. {{DEFAULTSORT:Lebanon Outlines of countries, Lebanon
Geography of Lebanon,
Lebanon-related lists,

General reference

Geography of Lebanon

Environment of Lebanon

Natural geographic features of Lebanon

Regions of Lebanon

Ecoregions of Lebanon

Administrative divisions of Lebanon

= Governorates of Lebanon

= Districts of Lebanon

= Municipalities of Lebanon

Demography of Lebanon

Neighbors of Lebanon

Government and politics of Lebanon

Branches of the government of Lebanon

Executive branch of the government of Lebanon

Legislative branch of the government of Lebanon

Judicial branch of the government of Lebanon

Foreign relations of Lebanon

International organization membership

Law and order in Lebanon

Military of Lebanon

Local government in Lebanon

History of Lebanon

Culture of Lebanon

Art in Lebanon

Sports in Lebanon

Economy and infrastructure of Lebanon

Education in Lebanon

See also

References

External links