Inboekstelsel was a system of indentured child labour instituted by Europeans in Southern Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries. The word is derived from the

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

verb ''inboeken'' (register; literally "in-book"), referring to the requirement of entering the names and details of the ''inboekeling'' (also spelled ''inboekseling''), or apprentices, in the Landdros's register. It is widely seen as a form of slavery by historians of South Africa. The system had its origin in the

Cape A cape is a clothing accessory or a sleeveless outer garment which drapes the wearer's back, arms, and chest, and connects at the neck. History Capes were common in medieval Europe, especially when combined with a hood in the chaperon. Th ...

Northern Frontier during the second half of the 18th century, when settlers would capture native children, and force them to work as indentured labourers until adulthood. When Boer trekkers migrated into the Transvaal during the 1840s, they brought the inboekstelsel system with them. Inboekelinge children were captured during raids, or handed over as apprentices by their conquered parents in return for land or goods. In some cases they were sold by Boer settlers to other burghers, in what became known as the trade in "black ivory". In the Transvaal, the inboekelings numbered about 4,000 in 1866, nearly one for every ten settlers. In 1869 the synod of the

Dutch Reformed Church The Dutch Reformed Church (, abbreviated NHK) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century until 1930. It was the original denomination of the Dutch Royal Family and ...

adopted a resolution condemning the practice, but rescinded it two years later on the grounds that the system no longer existed. In the Transvaal, legislation required that males be released from indenture at the age of 25, while females were released at 21, but the law was not always observed in remote frontier districts. British attitudes towards the Inboekstelsel system were ambivalent. The British administration of Transvaal between 1877 and 1881 did not affect it. Historians like Elizabeth Eldredge and Fred Morton have argued that Inboekstelsel was a system of slavery. Although legal slavery was formerly abolished in the Cape colony in 1834, the inboekstelling system allowed white settlers to continue to practice forced labour.

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Slavery in the South African Interior During the 19th Century
Unfree labour Apprenticeship History of South Africa Afrikaans words and phrases

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