HGM Koch Oberst Rodakowski in der Schlacht bei Custozza 1866

Together with the

Dragoons Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat ...

and

Hussars A hussar ( , ; hu, huszár, pl, husarz, sh, husar / ) was a member of a class of light cavalry, originating in Central Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The title and distinctive dress of these horsemen were subsequently widely ...

, the Imperial and Royal Uhlans (german: k.u.k. Ulanen), made up the

cavalry Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from "cheval" meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback. Cavalry were the most mobile of the combat arms, operating as light cavalry ...

of the

Austro-Hungarian Army The Austro-Hungarian Army (, literally "Ground Forces of the Austro-Hungarians"; , literally "Imperial and Royal Army") was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. It was composed of three parts: the joint arm ...

from 1867 to 1918, both in the

Common Army The Common Army (german: Gemeinsame Armee, hu, Közös Hadsereg) as it was officially designated by the Imperial and Royal Military Administration, was the largest part of the Austro-Hungarian land forces from 1867 to 1914, the other two eleme ...

and in the

Austrian Landwehr The Imperial-Royal Landwehr (german: kaiserlich-königliche Landwehr or ''k.k. Landwehr''), also called the Austrian Landwehr, was the territorial army of the Cisleithanian or Austrian half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1869 to 1918. Its cou ...

, where they were known as the Imperial-Royal Landwehr Uhlans (''k.k. Landwehr-Ulanen''). The Austrian monarchy, weakened by losing the war against Prussia in 1866, effectively had to guarantee the autonomy of the Kingdom of Hungary in the so-called Compromise of 15 March 1867. As a result, the Hungarian half of the Empire immediately began to establish its own army, the

Royal Hungarian Landwehr Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a ci ...

(Hungarian: ''Magyar Királyi Honvédség''). Following the signing of the Compromise, the

Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...

half of the Empire also started to build an army, the Imperial-Royal Landwehr (German: ''k.k. Landwehr''). The two new ''

Landwehr ''Landwehr'', or ''Landeswehr'', is a German language term used in referring to certain national army, armies, or militias found in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. In different context it refers to large-scale, low-strength fortif ...

'' forces thus existed alongside the

(''Gemeinsame Armee''), the imperial army of the whole Empire. In effect this meant that

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

had three separate armies at the same time.

Organisation

The Common Army has 11 Uhlan regiments and the Austria Landwehr 6 regiments. By tradition the majority of Uhlans were recruited from the

Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria,, ; pl, Królestwo Galicji i Lodomerii, ; uk, Королівство Галичини та Володимирії, Korolivstvo Halychyny ta Volodymyrii; la, Rēgnum Galiciae et Lodomeriae also known as ...

. The

regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted ...

s were also stationed there, with few exceptions. *In 1914, the Imperial and Royal Cavalry regiments each consisted of 2 divisions (

battalion A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions are ...

s) each of 3

squadron Squadron may refer to: * Squadron (army), a military unit of cavalry, tanks, or equivalent subdivided into troops or tank companies * Squadron (aviation), a military unit that consists of three or four flights with a total of 12 to 24 aircraft, ...

s (''Eskadronen'').

The Imperial and Royal Uhlans (11 regiments)

* 1st Galician Uhlans (Ritter von Brudermann's) (''Galizisches Ulanen-Regiment „Ritter von Brudermann“ Nr. 1'') * 2nd Galician Uhlans (Prince of Schwarzenberg's) (''Galizisches Ulanen-Regiment „Fürst zu Schwarzenberg“ Nr. 2'') * 3rd Galician Uhlans (Archduke Carl's) (''Galizisches Ulanen-Regiment „Erzherzog Carl“ Nr. 3'') * 4th Galician Uhlans (Emperor's) (''Galizisches Ulanen-Regiment „Kaiser“ Nr. 4'') * 5th Ukrainian-Croatian Uhlans (Emperor Nicholas II of Russia's) (''Ukrainisch-Croatisches Ulanen-Regiment „Nikolaus II. Kaiser von Rußland“ Nr. 5'') * 6th Galician Uhlans (Emperor Joseph II's) (''Galizisches Ulanen-Regiment „Kaiser Joseph II.“ Nr. 6'') * 7th Galician Uhlans (Archduke Franz Ferdinand's) (''Galizisches Ulanen-Regiment „Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand“ Nr. 7'') * 8th Galician Uhlans (Count Auersperg's) (''Galizisches Ulanen-Regiment „Graf Auersperg“ Nr. 8'') * 11th Bohemian Uhlans (Emperor Alexander II of Russia's) (''Böhmisches Ulanen-Regiment „Alexander II. Kaiser von Rußland“ Nr. 11'') * 12th Hungarian (Croatian-Slavonian) Uhlans (Count Huyn's) (''Ungarisches (croatisch-slavonisches) Ulanen-Regiment „Graf Huyn“ Nr. 12'') * 13th Galician Uhlans (von Böhm-Ermolli's) (''Galizisches Ulanen-Regiment „von Böhm-Ermolli“ Nr. 13'')

Imperial-Royal Landwehr Uhlans

*1st Landwehr Uhlans (''Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 1'') :Assigned as divisional cavalry: :1 and 2 Sqns: 11th Infantry Division :3 and 4 Sqns: 30th Infantry Division :5 and 6 Sqns: 43rd Landwehr Infantry Division :Nationalities: 65 % Ruthenians - 30 % Polish - 5 % various :Recruiting district: Lemberg :Garrison:

Lemberg Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, western Ukraine, and the List of cities in Ukraine, seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is o ...

*2nd Landwehr Uhlans (''Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 2'') :Assigned as divisional cavalry: :1+2 Sqns: 26th Landwehr Infantry Division :3+4 Sqns: 29th Infantry Division :5+6. Sqns: 10th Infantry Division :Nationalities: 58 % Czechens - 42 % various :Recruiting district: Leitmeritz :Garrison: Hohenmauth *3rd Landwehr Uhlans (''Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 3'') :Assigned as divisional cavalry: :1+2 Sqns: 45th Landwehr Infantry Division :3+4 Sqns: 24th Infantry Division :5+6. Sqns: 2nd Infantry Division :Nationalities: 69 % Poles - 26 % Ruthenians - 5 % various :Recruiting district: Przemysl :Garrison:

Rzeszów Rzeszów ( , ; la, Resovia; yi, ריישא ''Raisha'')) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów has been the capital of the Subcarpathian Vo ...

*4th Landwehr Uhlans (''Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 4'') :Assigned as divisional cavalry: :1+2 Sqns: 5th Infantry Division :3+4 Sqns: 12th Infantry Division :5+6. Sqns: 46th Landwehr Infantry Division :Nationalities: 85 % Poles - 15 % various :Recruiting district:

Krakau Krakau is a municipality in the district of Murau in Styria, Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation ...

:Garrison:

Olmütz Olomouc (, , ; german: Olmütz; pl, Ołomuniec ; la, Olomucium or ''Iuliomontium'') is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 99,000 inhabitants, and its larger urban zone has a population of about 384,000 inhabitants (2019). Located on th ...

*5th Landwehr Uhlans (''Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 5'') :Assigned as divisional cavalry: :1+2 Sqns: 4th Infantry Division :3+4 Sqns: 25th Infantry Division :5+6. Sqns: 13th Landwehr Infantry Division :Nationalities: 97 % Germans - 3 % various :Recruiting district:

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

:Garrison:

Stockerau Stockerau () is a town in the district of Korneuburg in Lower Austria, Austria. Stockerau has 15,921 inhabitants, which makes it the largest town in the Weinviertel.https://statistik.at/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_PDF_FILE&RevisionSelectionMetho ...

*6th Landwehr Uhlans (''Landwehr Ulanen Regiment Nr. 6'') :Assigned as divisional cavalry: :1+2 Sqns: 3rd Infantry Division :3+4 Sqns: 8th Infantry Division :5+6. Sqns: 44th Landwehr Infantry Division :Nationalities: 60 % Germans - 39 % Czechens - 1 % various :Recruiting district:

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

:Garrison:

Wels Wels (; Central Bavarian: ''Wös'') is a city in Upper Austria, on the Traun River near Linz. It is the county seat of Wels-Land, and with a population of approximately 60,000, the eighth largest city in Austria. Geography Wels is in the H ...

Sources

* Austrian State Archives/War Archives in Vienna * Glenn Jewison, Jörg C. Steiner
''The Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918''

Literature

* Johann C. Allmayer-Beck, Erich Lessing: ''Die K.u.k. Armee. 1848-1918''. Verlag Bertelsmann, München 1974, . * ''Das k.u.k. Heer im Jahre 1895'' Schriften des Heeresgeschichtlichen Museums in Wien - Stocker Verlag, Graz 1997 *

k.u.k. Kriegsministerium The Imperial and Royal Minister of War (german: K.u.k. Kriegsminister), until 1911: Reich Minister of War (''Reichskriegsminister''), was the head of one of the three common ministries shared by the two states which made up the dual monarchy of Au ...

„Dislokation und Einteilung des k.u.k Heeres, der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine, der k.k. Landwehr und der k.u. Landwehr“ in: Seidels kleines Armeeschema - Herausg.: Seidel & Sohn Wien 1914 * „Adjustierungsvorschrift für das k.u.k. Heer, die k.k. Landwehr, die k.u. Landwehr, die verbundenen Einrichtungen und das Korps der Militärbeamten“ von 1867 Herausgegeben durch das k.u.k. Kriegsministerium Wien. Fassung von 1911/1912

External links

Google Books: Die Reiter-regimenter der K.k.oesterreichischen Armee: Historische Skizzen, chronologisch geordnete Bruchstücke Regimenterweise bearbeitetAustro-Hungarian Army
at www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk.

Uhlans Uhlans (; ; ; ; ) were a type of light cavalry, primarily armed with a lance. While first appearing in the cavalry of Lithuania and then Poland, Uhlans were quickly adopted by the mounted forces of other countries, including France, Russia, Pr ...

Cavalry Military units and formations established in 1867 Military units and formations disestablished in 1918