The ISO/IEC 11179 Metadata Registry (MDR) standard is an international ISO/

IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; in French: ''Commission électrotechnique internationale'') is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and r ...

standard for representing

metadata Metadata is "data that provides information about other data", but not the content of the data, such as the text of a message or the image itself. There are many distinct types of metadata, including: * Descriptive metadata – the descriptive ...

for an organization in a metadata registry. It documents the standardization and registration of metadata to make data understandable and shareable.

Intended purpose

Organizations exchange data between computer systems precisely using

enterprise application integration Enterprise application integration (EAI) is the use of software and computer systems' architectural principles to integrate a set of enterprise computer applications. Overview Enterprise application integration is an integration framework comp ...

technologies. Completed transactions are often transferred to separate data warehouse and

business rule A business rule defines or constrains some aspect of business. It may be expressed to specify an action to be taken when certain conditions are true or may be phrased so it can only resolve to either true or false. Business rules are intended to ass ...

s systems with structures designed to support data for analysis. A de facto standard model for data integration platforms is the Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM). Data integration is often also solved as a problem of data, rather than metadata, with the use of so-called

master data Master data represents " data about the business entities that provide context for business transactions". The most commonly found categories of master data are parties (individuals and organisations, and their roles, such as customers, suppliers, ...

. ISO/IEC 11179 claims that it is a standard for metadata-driven exchange of data in an heterogeneous environment, based on exact definitions of data.

Structure of an ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry

The ISO/IEC 11179 model is a result of two principles of semantic theory, combined with basic principles of data modelling. The first principle from semantic theory is the thesaurus type relation between wider and more narrow (or specific) concepts, e.g. the wide concept "income" has a relation to the more narrow concept "net income". The second principle from semantic theory is the relation between a concept and its representation, e.g., "buy" and "purchase" are the same concept although different terms are used. A basic principle of data modelling is the combination of an object class and a characteristic. For example, "Person - hair color". When applied to data modelling, ISO/IEC 11179 combines a wide "concept" with an "object class" to form a more specific "data element concept". For example, the high-level concept "income" is combined with the object class "person" to form the data element concept "net income of person". Note that "net income" is more specific than "income". The different possible representations of a data element concept are then described with the use of one or more data elements. Differences in representation may be a result of the use of synonyms or different value domains in different data sets in a data holding. A value domain is the permitted range of values for a characteristic of an object class. An example of a value domain for "sex of person" is "M = Male, F = Female, U = Unknown". The letters M, F and U are then the permitted values of sex of person in a particular data set. The data element concept "monthly net income of person" may thus have one data element called "monthly net income of individual by 100 dollar groupings" and one called "monthly net income of person range 0-1000 dollars", etc., depending on the heterogeneity of representation that exists within the data holdings covered by one ISO/IEC 11179 registry. Note that these two examples have different terms for the object class (person/individual) and different value sets (a 0-1000 dollar range as opposed to 100 dollar groupings). The result of this is a catalogue of sorts, in which related data element concepts are grouped by a high-level concept and an object class, and data elements grouped by a shared data element concept. Strictly speaking, this is not a hierarchy, even if it resembles one. ISO/IEC 11179 proper does not describe data as it is actually stored. It does not refer to the description of physical files, tables and columns. The ISO/IEC 11179 constructs are "semantic" as opposed to "physical" or "technical". The standard has two main purposes: definition and exchange. The core object is the data element concept, since it defines a concept and, ideally, describes data independent of its representation in any one system, table, column or organisation.

Structure of the ISO/IEC 11179 standard

The standard consists of seven parts: * ISO/IEC 11179-1:2015 Framework (referred to as ISO/IEC 11179-1) * ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005 Classification * ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013 Registry metamodel and basic attributes * ISO/IEC 11179-4:2004 Formulation of data definitions * ISO/IEC 11179-5:2015 Naming and identification principles * ISO/IEC 11179-6:2015 Registration * ISO/IEC 11179-7:2019 Metamodel for data set registration Part 1 explains the purpose of each part. Part 3 specifies the metamodel that defines the registry. Part 7 is released per December 2019 and provides an extension to part 3 for registration of metadata about data sets. The other parts specify various aspects of the use of the registry.

Overview of 11179 Data Element

The data element is foundational concept in an ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry. The purpose of the registry is to maintain a semantically precise structure of data elements. Each Data element in an ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry: * should be registered according to the Registration guidelines (11179-6) * will be uniquely identified within the register (11179-5) * should be named according to Naming and Identification Principles (11179-5) See data element name * should be defined by the Formulation of Data Definitions rules (11179-4) See data element definition and * may be classified in a Classification Scheme (11179-2) See

classification scheme In information science and ontology, a classification scheme is the product of arranging things into kinds of things (classes) or into ''groups'' of classes; this bears similarity to categorization, but with perhaps a more theoretical bent, as cla ...

Data elements that store "Codes" or enumerated values must also specify the semantics of each of the code values with precise definitions.

Adoption of 11179 standards

Software AG Founded in 1969, Software AG is an enterprise software company with over 10,000 enterprise customers in over 70 countries. The company is the second largest software vendor in Germany, and the seventh largest in Europe. Software AG is traded on t ...

's COTS Metadata Registry (MDR) product supports the ISO 11179 standard and continues to be sold and used for this purpose in both commercial and government applications (see Vendor Tools section below). While commercial adoption is increasing, the spread of ISO/IEC 11179 has been more successful in the public sector. However, the reason for this is unclear. ISO membership is open to organizations through their national bodies. Countries with public sector repositories across various industries include Australia, Canada, Germany, United States and the United Kingdom. The United Nations and the US Government refer to and use the 11179 standards. 11179 is strongly recommended on the U.S. government's

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website. and is promoted by The Open Group as a foundation of the

Universal Data Element Framework The Universal Data Element Framework (UDEF) was a controlled vocabulary developed by The Open Group. It provided a framework for categorizing, naming, and indexing data. It assigned to every item of data a structured alphanumeric tag plus a contro ...

.Universal Data Element Framework
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working to enable access to integrated information within and between enterprises based on

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s and global

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Extensions to the ISO/IEC 11179 standard

Although the ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry is 6-part standard comprising several hundreds of pages, the primary model is presented in Part-3 and depicted in UML diagrams to facilitate understanding, supported by normative text. The eXtended Metadata Registry initiative, XMDR led by the US, explored the use of ontologies as the basis for MDR content in order to provide richer semantic framework than could be achieved by lexical and syntax naming conventions alone. The XMDR experimented with a prototype using OWL, RDF and SPARQL to prove the concept. The initiative resulted in Edition 3 of ISO/IEC 11179. The first part published is ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013. The primary extension in Edition 3 is the Concept Region, expanding the use of concepts to more components within the standard, and supporting registration of a Concept system for use within the registry. The standard also supports the use of externally defined concept systems. Edition 3 versions of Parts 1, 5, and 6 were published in 2015. Part 2, Classifications, is subsumed by the Concept Region in Part 3, but is being updated to a Technical Report (TR) to provide guidance on the development of Classification Schemes. Part 4 describes principles for forming data definitions; an Edition 3 has not been proposed.

Examples of ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registries

The following metadata registries state that they follow ISO/IEC 11179 guidelines although there have been no formal third party tests developed to test for metadata registry compliance.
Aristotle Metadata Registry
Wikipedia page
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare - Metadata Online Registry (METeOR)

Minnesota Department of Education Metadata Registry (K-12 Data)

Minnesota Department of Revenue Property Taxation (Real Estate Transactions)

Ohio State University - open Metadata Repository (openMDR)

US Department of Justice - Global Justice XML Data Model
GJXDM
US Environmental Protection Agency - Environmental Data Registry

US Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)

US National Cancer Institute - Cancer Data Standards Repository (caDSR)
<-- Broken Link
US National Information Exchange Model

NIEM NIEM ( ) originated as an XML-based information exchange framework from the United States. NIEM also supports NIEM JSON exchanges. NIEM is currently developinthe NIEM Metamodel and Common Model Formatwhich can be expressed in any data serializa ...

Metadata registry vendor tools that claim ISO/IEC 11179 compliance

Nurocor MDR
* Software AG's OneData Metadata Registry

SALUS MDR Project - EU

Aristotle Metadata Registry (open source registry)

Data Element Hub
No independent agencies certify ISO/IEC 11179 compliance.

References

Citations

Sources

ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee on Metadata Standards Web Site

11179 Document List

ISO/IEC 11179-1:2004 Metadata registries (MDR) - Part 1: Framework

ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005 Metadata registries (MDR) - Part 2: Classification

ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013 Metadata registries (MDR) - Part 3: Registry metamodel and basic attributes

ISO/IEC 11179-4:2004 Metadata registries (MDR) - Part 4: Formulation of data definitions

ISO/IEC 11179-5:2015 Metadata registries (MDR) - Part 5: Naming and identification principles

ISO/IEC 11179-6:2005 Metadata registries (MDR) - Part 6: Registration

Extended Business XML Naming Conventions
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