Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''IL2RB''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Also known as CD122; IL15RB; P70-75.
Function
The interleukin 2 receptor, which is involved in T cell-mediated immune responses, is present in 3 forms with respect to ability to bind
interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible f ...
. The low affinity form is a monomer of the alpha subunit (also called
CD25
Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (also called CD25) is the human protein encoded by the ''IL2RA'' gene.
The interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor alpha (IL2RA) and beta ( IL2RB) chains, together with the common gamma chain (IL2RG), constitute the high-a ...
) and is not involved in signal transduction. The intermediate affinity form consists of a gamma/beta subunit heterodimer, while the high affinity form consists of an alpha/beta/gamma subunit heterotrimer. Both the intermediate and high affinity forms of the receptor are involved in
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane ( invagination). Th ...
and transduction of mitogenic signals from interleukin 2. The protein encoded by this gene represents the beta subunit and is a type I membrane protein.
This protein also forms one of the three subunits of the
IL-15 receptor.
Activation of the receptor increases proliferation of CD8+ effector
T cell
A T cell is a type of lymphocyte. T cells are one of the important white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell r ...
s.
Interactions
IL2RB has been shown to
interact
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with:
*
CISH CISH may refer to:
* Chromogenic in situ hybridization, a technique in molecular biology
* CISH (gene), coding for the cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein
* International Committee of Historical Sciences
The International Committee of Hist ...
,
*
HGS,
*
Janus kinase 1,
and
*
SHC1
SHC-transforming protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SHC1'' gene. SHC has been found to be important in the regulation of apoptosis
Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of pro ...
.
See also
*
IL-2 receptor
The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a heterotrimeric protein expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, that binds and responds to a cytokine called IL-2.
Composition
IL-2 binds to the IL-2 receptor, which ha ...
*
IL-15 receptor
References
Further reading
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{{Interleukin receptor modulators