The hyoglossus, thin and quadrilateral, arises from the side of the body and from the whole length of the
greater cornu of the
hyoid bone, and passes almost vertically upward to enter the side of the
tongue
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for mastication and swallowing as part of the digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surface (dorsum) is covered by taste ...
, between the
styloglossus
The styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament.
Passing inferiorly and anteriorly between the int ...
and the
inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue. It forms a part of the floor of
submandibular triangle.
Structure
The fibers arising from the body of the hyoid bone overlap those from the
greater cornu.
Structures that are medial/deep to the hyoglossus are the
glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve 9), the
stylohyoid ligament and the
lingual artery and
lingual vein.
The lingual vein passes medial to the hyoglossus, and the lingual artery passes deep to the hyoglossus. Laterally, in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid muscle lay several important structures (from upper to lower):
sublingual gland,
submandibular duct,
lingual nerve
The lingual nerve carries sensory innervation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It contains fibres from both the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3
) and from the facial nerve (CN VII). The fibres from the trigeminal nerv ...
,
vena comitans
Vena comitans is Latin for accompanying vein. It refers to a vein that is usually paired, with both veins lying on the sides of an artery. They are found in close proximity to arteries so that the pulsations of the artery aid venous return. B ...
of hypoglossal nerve, and the
hypoglossal nerve
The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the twelfth cranial nerve, cranial nerve XII, or simply CN XII, is a cranial nerve that innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by ...
. Note, posteriorly, the
lingual nerve
The lingual nerve carries sensory innervation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It contains fibres from both the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3
) and from the facial nerve (CN VII). The fibres from the trigeminal nerv ...
is superior to the submandibular duct and a portion of the submandibular
salivary gland
The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. Humans have three paired major salivary glands ( parotid, submandibular, and sublingual), as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands. Salivary ...
protrudes into the space between the hyoglossus and
mylohyoid muscle
The mylohyoid muscle or diaphragma oris is a paired muscle of the neck. It runs from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity of the mouth. It is named after its two attachments near the molar teeth. It forms the fl ...
s.
Function
The hyoglossus depresses and retracts the tongue and makes the dorsum more convex.
Additional images
Image:Gray186.png, Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged.
Image:Gray385.png, Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
Image:Gray513.png, The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side.
Image:Gray778.png, Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion.
Image:Gray794.png, Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches.
Image:Gray1020.png, Coronal section of tongue
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for mastication and swallowing as part of the digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surface (dorsum) is covered by taste ...
, showing intrinsic muscles.
File:Slide3ss.JPG, Hyoglossus Muscle
References
External links
*
*
Diagram
{{Authority control
Muscles of the head and neck
Tongue