Huon-class minehunter

The ''Huon''-class minehunter coastal (MHC) ships are a group of minehunters built for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Following problems with the s, a request for tender was issued in 1993 for a class of six coastal minehunters under the project designation SEA 1555. The tender was awarded in 1994 to the partnership of Australian Defence Industries (ADI) and Intermarine SpA, which was offering a variant of the Italian .

Five of the six ships were constructed completely in Newcastle, New South Wales, while the hull of the first ship was built in Italy, then transported to Australia for fitting out. Construction ran from 1994 to 2003, with lead ship entering service in 1999. All six vessels are based at , in Sydney. In 2006, following a capability review three years prior, one minehunter was placed in reserve, while another was marked for transfer to reserve status; this instruction was reversed prior to 2008, and the two vessels were tasked with supporting border protection operations. As of January 2014, only four vessels were active, with the other two placed in reserve.

Development and tendering

In 1993, the Department of Defence issued a request for tender for six coastal minehunters to replace the problematic s, of which four had been cancelled after the first two demonstrated problems with their sonar array and seakeeping capability. According to an article in ''Jane's International Defence Review'' published just before the tender was opened, three joint ventures between an Australian and a European company were expected to submit designs: Australian Defence Industries (ADI) and Intermarine SpA with the , Australian Submarine Corporation and Karlskronavarvet (later Kockums) with a lengthened version of the , and AMECON and Vosper Thornycroft with the . According to the request for tender, the designs had to be modified to operate in Australian conditions, and at least 60% of each ship and her equipment had to be of Australian manufacture. On 12 August 1994, Project SEA 1555 was awarded to ADI.

Design and construction

The design of the ''Huon'' class is based on the Italian ; specifically the second run of eight ships known as the ''Gaeta'' class.Sharpe (ed.), ''Jane's Fighting Ships, 1996–97'', p. 29 Each ship has a full load displacement of 732 tons (slightly greater than the ''Gaeta''s), is long, has a beam of , and a draught of .Saunders (ed.), ''IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2012–2013'', p. 33 The minehunters' main propulsion system is a single Fincantieri GMT BL230-BN diesel motor, which provides to a single controllable-pitch propeller, allowing the ship to reach .Wertheim (ed.), ''The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World'', p. 23 Maximum range is at , and the vessels have an endurance of 19 days. The standard ship's company consists of 6 officers and 34 sailors, with accommodation for 9 additional (typically trainees or clearance divers). The main armament on a ''Huon''-class vessel is a MSI DS30B 30 mm cannon; this is supplemented by two 0.50 calibre machine guns. The sensor suite includes a Kelvin-Hughes Type 1007 navigational radar, a GEC-Marconi Type 2093M variable-depth minehunting sonar, an AWADI PRISM radar warning and direction-finding system, and a Radamec 1400N surveillance system. Two Wallop Super Barricade decoy launchers are also fitted.

For minehunting operations, the ''Huon''s use three Riva Calzoni azimuth thrusters to provide a maximum speed of : two are located at the stern, while the third is sited behind the variable-depth sonar. Mines are located with the minehunting sonar, and can be disposed of by the vessel's two Double Eagle mine disposal vehicles, the Oropesa mechanical sweep, the Mini-Dyad magnetic influence sweep, or the towed AMASS influence sweep (which is not always carried). To prevent damage in the event a ''Huon''-class ship triggers a mine, the ships were built with a glass-reinforced plastic, moulded in a single monocoque skin with no ribs or framework. As the ships often work with clearance divers, they are fitted with a small recompression chamber.

Six ''Huon''-class ships were built; all were named after famous Australian rivers (the names of which had been carried by previous RAN vessels). The hull of the lead ship, , was laid down during September 1994 at the Intermarine SpA Sarzana shipyard in Italy, and was transferred out to ADI's Newcastle facility as deck cargo, arriving on 31 August 1995. ''Huon'' was completed in Newcastle in 1999, and the other five ships were constructed completely at the Australian shipyard, with 69% Australian content in the project. All six were completed on schedule, with the last, , commissioning on 1 March 2003.Saunders (ed.), ''Jane's Fighting Ships, 2008–2009'', p. 32

Operational history

All six vessels are based at , which serves as the home base of the Mine Warfare and Clearance Diving Group. As part of the force structure changes arising from the 2003 Defence Capability Review two ''Huon''-class ships were deactivated and placed in reserve. HMAS ''Huon'' was deactivated in early 2006, but was reactivated later in the year, while HMAS ''Hawkesbury''s planned deactivation was cancelled so the ships could be used as patrol boats.

Apart from routine service in Australian and regional waters, a number of vessels were deployed to the Solomon Islands as part of the Australian-led RAMSI peacekeeping mission there. Operating as part of Operation Anode from 2003, vessels deployed have included ''Hawkesbury'', ''Diamantina'', ''Yarra'' and ''Gascoyne''. As of 2008, ''Huon'' and ''Hawkesbury'' were taking turns supporting border security operations. However, by October 2011 ''Hawkesbury'' and ''Norman'' were placed into reserve; the Department of Defence predicted that it would take five years to bring both back to operational status and train enough personnel to run all six vessels.

Eventual replacement

'' Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030'', the 2009 Department of Defence white paper, proposed replacing the ''Huon''s, along with the RAN's patrol and hydrographic vessels, with a single class of multi-role offshore combatant vessels (OCVs). The new vessels, which could displace up to 2,000 tonnes and be equipped for helicopter or unmanned aerial vehicle operations, will use a modular mission payload system to change between roles as required. Although the 2013 White Paper committed to the OCV as a long-term plan, it announced that life-extending upgrades to the ''Huon''s would be sought as a short-term solution. In 2020 the Royal Australian Navy announced that the Huon class may be replaced with a modified version of the Arafura-class offshore patrol vessel.

Ships

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{{Huon class minehunter

Mine warfare vessel classes