Huchuquan was the last
chanyu () of the Southern
Xiongnu
The Xiongnu (, ) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 20 ...
during the late
Eastern Han dynasty and
Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms () from 220 to 280 AD was the tripartite division of China among the dynastic states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. The Three Kingdoms period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and was followed by the West ...
period of China. He was a younger brother of the Xiongnu chanyu in exile,
Yufuluo
Chizhi Shizhu Hou (; 150–196; r. 188–195 AD), personal name Yufuluo (於夫羅), was a puppet chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu during the late Han Dynasty. In 188, he was appointed chanyu by the Han court following the murder of his father Qian ...
.
History
After his brother died in 195, Huchuquan attempted to regain his position as Chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu but was driven back by the same people who had ousted his brother. He came to serve under
Yuan Shang
Yuan Shang (died December 207), courtesy name Xianfu, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was the third son and successor of the warlord Yuan Shao. In the 14th-centu ...
in 202 and was defeated by Cao Cao's officer
Zhong Yao
Zhong Yao (151 – April or May 230), also referred to as Zhong You, courtesy name Yuanchang, was a Chinese calligrapher and politician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China. He served in the state of ...
, after which he surrendered. Huchuquan was kept as an honored prisoner at
Ye and attended
Cao Pi
Cao Pi () ( – 29 June 226), courtesy name Zihuan, was the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the second son of Cao Cao, a warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty, but the eldest ...
's accession ceremony in 220. No new chanyu was proclaimed after Huchuquan's death.
The last vestiges of the Xiongnu were split into five divisions and settled in
Taiyuan Commandery Taiyuan Commandery ( zh, 太原郡) was a commandery of China from the Warring States period to Tang dynasty. It was located in modern central Shanxi province.
The commandery was established by the Qin state in 248 BC, after Qin general Meng Ao a ...
under the supervision of Yufuluo's sons,
Liu Bao
Liu Bao ( 190s–200s) was a Southern Xiongnu chanyu who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China. His father was Yufuluo. His son, Liu Yuan, founded the Han Zhao dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. ...
and
Qubei.
The Xiongnu went on to found three of the short lived
Sixteen Kingdoms:
Former Zhao (304–329),
Northern Liang (397–439), and
Xia
Xia (Hsia in Wade–Giles) may refer to:
Chinese history
* Xia dynasty (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC), the first orthodox dynasty in Chinese history
* Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms) (407–431), a Xiongnu-led dynasty
* Xia (617–621), a state founded by Dou Ji ...
(407–431).
Later Zhao (319–351) was also founded by one of the 19 Southern Xiongnu tribes, but was of
Yuezhi
The Yuezhi (;) were an ancient people first described in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC. After a major defeat ...
descent.
See also
*
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
Footnotes
References
*
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*Taskin B.S., ''"Materials on Sünnu history"'', Science, Moscow, 1968, p. 31 (In Russian)
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Huchuquan
Chanyus
People during the end of the Han dynasty
Cao Wei politicians
Han dynasty politicians
2nd-century monarchs in Asia
3rd-century monarchs in Asia