The House of FitzJames Stuart, or simply FitzJames, is a noble house founded by

James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Liria and Jérica, 1st Duke of Fitz-James (21 August 1670 – 12 June 1734) was an Anglo-French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister o ...

. He was the illegitimate son of James II & VII,

King of England The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies (the Baili ...

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to ...

and

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the s ...

, a monarch of the

House of Stuart The House of Stuart, originally spelt Stewart, was a royal house of Scotland, England, Ireland and later Great Britain. The family name comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland, which had been held by the family progenitor Walter fi ...

.Ruvigny, ''The Nobilities of Europe'', 303. After the Revolution of 1688, the 1st Duke of Berwick followed his father into exile and much of the family's history since then has been in

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , ...

and

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, with several members of the family serving in a military capacity. The house has two main branches. The senior branch, carrying the title of

Duke of Berwick Duke of Berwick () ''()'' is a title that was created in the Peerage of England on 19 March 1687 for James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of James II and VII, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland and Arabella Churchill. The title's name ...

and residing in Spain, derived from the 1st Duke's first marriage to

Honora Burke, Countess of Lucan Honora Burke ( – 1698), married Patrick Sarsfield and went into French exile where he followed her soon afterwards. After his death at the Battle of Landen, she married James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, an illegitimate son of James ...

. This branch has collected many titles throughout its history, including a few

grandee Grandee (; es, Grande de España, ) is an official aristocratic title conferred on some Spanish nobility. Holders of this dignity enjoyed similar privileges to those of the peerage of France during the , though in neither country did they ...

ships of Spain, with some members acting as

ambassador An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or s ...

s or military officers. The junior branch was associated with France and derived from the 1st Duke's second marriage to an Englishwoman, Anne Bulkeley. Perhaps the best-known member of this branch was Édouard de Fitz-James, 6th

Duke of Fitz-James Duke of Fitz-James (French: ''duc de Fitz-James'') was a title of nobility in the peerage of France. It was created by King Louis XIV of France in 1710 for James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, an illegitimate son of King James II of England. This ...

(1776–1838), an

ultraroyalist The Ultra-royalists (french: ultraroyalistes, collectively Ultras) were a French political faction from 1815 to 1830 under the Bourbon Restoration. An Ultra was usually a member of the nobility of high society who strongly supported Roman Cathol ...

who escaped to Italy after the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

and returned to France around the time of the

Bourbon Restoration Bourbon Restoration may refer to: France under the House of Bourbon: * Bourbon Restoration in France (1814, after the French revolution and Napoleonic era, until 1830; interrupted by the Hundred Days in 1815) Spain under the Spanish Bourbons: * Ab ...

, after which he became a prominent politician. This branch became extinct in the male line upon the death of the 10th Duke of Fitz-James in 1967.

Senior branch

Dukes of Berwick and of Liria

* James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick * Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick * Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Berwick * Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 5th Duke of Berwick * Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 6th Duke of Berwick This branch gained the Spanish title of

Duke of Alba Duke of Alba de Tormes ( es, Duque de Alba de Tormes), commonly known as Duke of Alba, is a title of Spanish nobility that is accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain. In 1472, the title of ''Count of Alba de Tormes'', inherited by ...

after the death in 1802 of the childless

María Cayetana de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba María del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva y Silva-Bazán, 13th Duchess of Alba, GE (10 June 1762 – 23 July 1802), was a Spanish aristocrat and a popular subject of the painter Francisco de Goya. Biography María Teresa, as she was called in he ...

. The branch's ancestral link to the dukedom of Alba was through the 4th Duke of Berwick, whose mother was the granddaughter of the 11th Duchess of Alba. * Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 7th Duke of Berwick and 14th Duke of Alba * Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 8th Duke of Berwick and 15th Duke of Alba * Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 9th Duke of Berwick and 16th Duke of Alba * Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 10th Duke of Berwick and 17th Duke of Alba Upon the death of the 10th Duke of Berwick in 1953, his Spanish titles (including the dukedoms of Alba and of Liria) went to his daughter while the Jacobite dukedom of Berwick went to his nephew (who was already the 19th

Duke of Peñaranda de Duero Duke of Peñaranda de Duero ( es, Duque de Peñaranda de Duero), commonly known as Duke of Peñaranda, is a title of Spanish nobility that is accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain. It was granted to Juan de Zúñiga y Bazán 22 May 1 ...

), due to differences between the Spanish and Jacobite succession laws (

male-preference primogeniture Primogeniture ( ) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relativ ...

and

agnatic primogeniture Primogeniture ( ) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relativ ...

respectively).

Junior branch

Dukes of FitzJames

* Henry James Fitz-James, 2nd Duke of Fitz-James * François de Fitz-James, 3rd Duke of Fitz-James * Charles de Fitz-James, 4th Duke of Fitz-James * Jacques Charles de Fitz-James, 5th Duke of Fitz-James * Édouard de Fitz-James, 6th Duke of Fitz-James * Jacques Marie Emmanuel de Fitz-James, 7th Duke of Fitz-James * Édouard Antoine Sidoine de Fitz-James, 8th Duke of Fitz-James * Jacques Gustave Sidoine de Fitz-James, 9th Duke of Fitz-James * Jacques de Fitz-James, 10th Duke of Fitz-James

Sources

Footnotes

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:FitzJames, House of House of Stuart European families of English ancestry