Hip (slang)

''Hip'', like '' cool'', does not refer to a quality. What is considered hip is continuously changing. Being ''hip'' is also about being informed about the latest ideas, styles, and developments.

Origin of term

The term ''hip'' is recorded in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) in the early 1900s. In the 1930s and 1940s, it had become a common slang term, particularly in the African-American-dominated jazz scene.

The origin of ''hip'' is unknown; there are many explanations for the etymology of ''hip'', but they remain unproven. Research and speculation by both amateur and professional etymologists suggest that "hip" is derived from an earlier form, ''hep'' but that is disputed. Many etymologists believe that the terms ''hip'', ''hep'' and ''hepcat'' derive from the west African Wolof language word ''hepicat'', which means "one who has his eyes open". Some etymologists reject this, tracing the origin of this putative etymology to David Dalby, a scholar of African languages who tentatively suggested the idea in the 1960s and some have even adopted the denigration "to cry Wolof" as a general dismissal or belittlement of etymologies they believe to be based on "superficial similarities" rather than documented attribution..

Alternative theories trace the word's origins to those who used opium recreationally. Because opium smokers commonly took the drug lying on their sides or ''on the hip'', the term became a coded reference to the practice and because opium smoking was a practice of socially influential trend-setting individuals, the cachet it enjoyed led to the circulation of the term ''hip'' by way of a kind of synecdoche. This etymology is rejected by Sheidlower. Slang dictionaries of past centuries give a term ''hip'' or ''hyp'' meaning melancholy or bored, shortened from the word ''hypochondriac''. This usage, more prevalent around 1800, was virtually extinct by 1900.

Development

The word ''hip'' in the sense of "aware, in the know" is first attested in a 1902 cartoon by Tad Dorgan and first appeared in print in a 1904 novel by George Vere Hobart, ''Jim Hickey, A Story of the One-Night Stands'', where an African-American character uses the slang phrase "Are you hip?" Early currency of the term (as the past participle ''hipped'', meaning informed) is further documented in the 1914 novel ''The Auction Block'' by Rex Beach "His collection of Napoleana is the finest in this country; he is an authority on French history of that period—in fact, he's as nearly hipped on the subject as a man of his powers can be considered hipped on anything".

After the Second World War, the term moved into general parlance. The English humorist P. G. Wodehouse has his aristocratic narrator, Bertie Wooster, use the term "get hep" in his 1946 novel ''Joy in the Morning''. Jack Kerouac described his mid-century contemporaries as "the new American generation known as the 'Hip' (the Knowing)". In 1947, Harry "The Hipster" Gibson wrote the song "It Ain't Hep" about the switch from ''hep'' to ''hip'',

Hey you know there's a lot of talk going around about this hip and hep jive. Lots of people are going around saying "hip." Lots of squares are coming out with "hep." Well the hipster is here to inform you what the jive is all about.



The jive is hip, don't say hep

That's a slip of the lip, let me give you a tip

Don't you ever say hep it ain't hip, NO IT AIN'T

It ain't hip to be loud and wrong

Just because you're feeling strong

You try too hard to make a hit

And every time you do you tip your mitt

It ain't hip to blow your top

The only thing you say is mop, mop, mop

Keep cool fool, like a fish in the pool

That's the golden rule at the Hipster school

You find yourself talking too much

Then you know you're off the track

That's the stuff you got to watch

Everybody wants to get into the act

It ain't hip to think you're "in there"

Just because of the zooty suit you wear

You can laugh and shout but you better watch out

Cause you don't know what it's all about, man

Man you ain't hip if you don't get hip to this hip and hep jive

Now get it now, look out

Man get hip with the hipster, YEAH!
Got to do it!

The 1936 drama film ''August Week End'' uses the term "hip" in dialogue. Norman Mailer, one of the voices of the Hipster-Movement, formulated the content-related interpretation of the terms "hip" and "square" in an Essay in 1957 as opposites in attitudes towards life,

Hip - Square / wild - practical / romantic - classic / instinct - logic / Negro - white / inductive - programmatic / the relation - the name / spontaneous - orderly / perverse - pious / midnight - noon / nihilistic - authoritarian / associative - sequential / a question - an answer / obeying the form of the curve - living in the cell of the square / self - society / crooks - cops / free will - determinism.
Norman Mailer: ''The Hip and the Square: 1. The List''. In: ''Advertisements for Myself''. Putnam’s, New York 1959

See also

* Hip hop music
* Etymology of ''hippie''
* Hipster (1940s subculture)
* Hipster (contemporary subculture)
* ''Square'' (slang)
* Woke

References

{{reflist

Further reading

* Anatole Broyard, 'A Portrait of the Hipster' ''Partisan Review'' June 1948
* Norman Mailer, 'The Hip and the Square' ''1. The List.'' In: ''Advertisements for Myself'' Putnam’s, New York 1959

External links

Crying Wolof: Does the word hip really hail from a West African language?
by Jesse Sheidlower at ''Slate''

"Hip Song (It Does Not Pay to be Hip)"
lyrics of Shel Silverstein song recorded by Chad Mitchell Trio on 1964 album ''Reflecting''

The New Cab Calloway's Hepsters Dictionary: Language of Jive, 1944

Slang
1940s slang
1950s slang
1960s slang