Hikmet Bayur (also known as Yusuf Hikmet Bayur, 1891–1980) was a Turkish politician. He was born in

Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...

(then known as Constantinople by the Western World). He was the grandson of

Kâmil Pasha Mehmed Kâmil Pasha ( ota, محمد كامل پاشا مصري زاده; tr, Kıbrıslı Mehmet Kâmil Paşa, "Mehmed Kamil Pasha the Cypriot"), also spelled as Kiamil Pasha (1833 – 14 November 1913), was an Ottoman statesman and liberal poli ...

, one of the Grand Viziers of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

Early life

He graduated from

Galatasaray High School Galatasaray High School ( tr, Galatasaray Lisesi, french: Lycée de Galatasaray), established in what was then Constantinople and is now Istanbul, in 1481, is the oldest high school in Turkey. It is also the second-oldest Turkish educational in ...

in 1908 and from the Faculty of Science of

Paris University , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

(

Sorbonne Sorbonne may refer to: * Sorbonne (building), historic building in Paris, which housed the University of Paris and is now shared among multiple universities. *the University of Paris (c. 1150 – 1970) *one of its components or linked institution, ...

) in 1912. After some years in Paris he returned home to teacher at

in 1912, remaining there until 1920.

Career

War

During the

Turkish War of Independence The Turkish War of Independence "War of Liberation", also known figuratively as ''İstiklâl Harbi'' "Independence War" or ''Millî Mücadele'' "National Struggle" (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns waged by th ...

, he joined the

Turkish National Movement The Turkish National Movement ( tr, Türk Ulusal Hareketi) encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries that resulted in the creation and shaping of the modern Republic of Turkey, as a consequence of the def ...

and fought on the

Salihli Salihli is a large town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. Geography The city of Salihli, the seat of the district, is located on İzmir-Ankara (E 96) highway and the parallel railway connections. The urban zone is ...

front. Postwar he was appointed as the director of political affairs. At the end of the war, he was appointed as an adviser to the Turkish delegation to Conference of Lausanne.

Republic

Turkey was proclaimed as the

Turkish Republic Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

on October 29, 1923. Bayur was appointed to various embassies and consulatesLondon (1923–1925), Belgrade (1925–1927) and Kabul (1928)before becoming Secretary General of the Presidency. In the general election of 1935, he was elected as the Republican People's Party (CHP) deputy from the

Manisa Province Manisa Province ( tr, ) is a province in western Turkey. Its neighboring provinces are İzmir to the west, Aydın to the south, Denizli to the southeast, Uşak to the east, Kütahya to the northeast, and Balıkesir to the north. The city of Ma ...

. Between October 27, 1933, and July 9, 1934, he was the Minister of National Education in the

7th government of Turkey The 7th government of Turkey (5 May 1931 – 1 March 1935) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called the ''sixth İnönü government''. Background Following the elections held on 4 May 1931, the former cabinet led by İsmet � ...

. When Atatürk died on November 10, 1938,

İsmet İnönü Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman of Kurdish descent, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three tim ...

was elected as the new president. Bayur was the only deputy in parliament who opposed İnönü.Cemil Koçak:Çağdaş Türkiye (ed. Sina Akşin), p.163

Multiparty period

When the Democrat Party (DP) was founded in 1946, Bayur resigned from the Republican People's Party (CHP) and joined the DP. Following disappointment with the DP, he became one of the charter members of the Nation Party in 1948. Bayour became speaker of the party, before resigning from the Nation Party in 1953 because it was against Kemalism. In the May 2, 1954 and October 27, 1957 elections, he was elected as a DP deputy from

. After the 1960 Turkish coup d'etat, Bayur was arrested and then released in 1963. Following his release from prison, he began a career in journalism and started writing for the newspaper ''Kudret''. He died in Istanbul on March 6, 1980.

Books

*1934: ''Yeni Türkiye Devletinin Harici Siyaseti'' ("Foreign Policy of the new Turkish State") *1940: ''Ahval-i Hazıra'' ("Circumstances of the Present State") *1940–67: ''Türk İnkılabı Tarihi'' ("History of the Turkish Revolution") *1946–50: ''Hindistan Tarihi'' ("History of India") *1963: ''Atatürk, Hayatı ve Eserleri'' ("Atatürk, His Life and His Works") *1974: ''XX. Yüzyılda Türklüğün Tarih ve Acun Siyasası Üzerindeki Etkileri'' ("In the twentieth century the influences of Turkism on History and the World")

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bayur, Hikmet 20th-century Turkish journalists 20th-century Turkish diplomats 1891 births 1980 deaths Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961) politicians Galatasaray High School alumni Leaders of political parties in Turkey Ministers of National Education of Turkey Nation Party (Turkey, 1948) politicians Politicians from Istanbul Republican People's Party (Turkey) politicians Journalists from Istanbul University of Paris alumni Turkish expatriates in France Ambassadors of Turkey to Afghanistan