Herbert Eulenberg
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Max Herbert Eulenberg (1876–1949), was a German
poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems ( oral or wri ...
and
author An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states: "''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility f ...
born in
Cologne Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 millio ...
-Mülheim,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
. He was married from 1904 to Hedda Eulenberg.


Biography


1920s

Eulenberg was the publisher of many books, for which he wrote the introductions. His speech on Schiller, which he wrote in 1909, generated heated debates. In 1911 he published Letter of a Father of our Times in the magazine PAN for which he was accused, tried and later acquitted of the charges of circulating obscene writing. In the 1920s, he was one of the most performed playwrights on German stages. His essays on various subjects and topics on literature, theatre, music, and fine arts were published in numerous newspapers and magazines throughout Germany and
Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
. He was awarded prizes and honours for his literary work such as “Der Preis des Frauenbundes zur Ehrung rheinischer Dichter”, the ”Volks-Schiller-Preis”, the “Preis of the Peter Wilhelm Müller Trust”, or the ”Wiener Volksschillerpreis”. In 1919 Eulenberg, together with painters Arthur Kaufmann and Adolf Uzarski, founded the modern union of artists, “ Das Junge Rheinland” in
Düsseldorf Düsseldorf ( , , ; often in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian language, Ripuarian: ''Düsseldörp'' ; archaic nl, Dusseldorp ) is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second- ...
. In May 1922 he was involved in organising the
International Congress of Progressive Artists International Congress of Progressive Artists was organised by Young Rhineland (Junge Rheinland), with help from the November Group, the Darmstadt Secession and the Dresden Secession in Düsseldorf, 29-31 May 1922. The aim of creating an internat ...
, at which he signed the "Founding Proclamation of the Union of Progressive International Artists". In 1923 he lectured in the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
, where he was invited as the “first German after Einstein” to speak at
Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...
. Eulenberg's "Ausgewählte Werke" (Selected Works) were published in 1925/26. In 1926, on the occasion of his 50th birthday, he was made honourable member of the “Rheinische Kunstakademie” in Düsseldorf. He was “sympathizer” of “Die Maler des Jungen Rheinlands”, the painters of the young Rhineland, and was in contact with personalities such as
Hermann Hesse Hermann Karl Hesse (; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. His best-known works include ''Demian'', '' Steppenwolf'', '' Siddhartha'', and ''The Glass Bead Game'', each of which explores an individual's ...
,
Thomas Mann Paul Thomas Mann ( , ; ; 6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. His highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novell ...
, Stefan Zweig,
Hanns Heinz Ewers Hanns Heinz Ewers (3 November 1871 – 12 June 1943) was a German actor, poet, philosopher, and writer of short stories and novels. While he wrote on a wide range of subjects, he is now known mainly for his works of horror, particularly his trilo ...
,
Frank Wedekind Benjamin Franklin Wedekind (July 24, 1864 – March 9, 1918) was a German playwright. His work, which often criticizes bourgeois attitudes (particularly towards sex), is considered to anticipate expressionism and was influential in the de ...
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Gerhart Hauptmann Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (; 15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among the most important promoters of literary naturalism, though he integrated other styles into his work as well. He rece ...
, Lulu von Strauß und Torney, Felix Hollaender,
Else Lasker-Schüler Else Lasker-Schüler (née Elisabeth Schüler) (; 11 February 1869 – 22 January 1945) was a German-Jewish poet and playwright famous for her bohemian lifestyle in Berlin and her poetry. She was one of the few women affiliated with the Expressi ...
,
Erich Mühsam Erich Mühsam (6 April 1878 – 10 July 1934) was a German-Jewish antimilitarist anarchist essayist, poet and playwright. He emerged at the end of World War I as one of the leading agitators for a federated Bavarian Soviet Republic, for which h ...
, Peter Hille,
John Henry Mackay John Henry Mackay, also known by the pseudonym Sagitta, (6 February 1864 – 16 May 1933) was an egoist anarchist, thinker and writer. Born in Scotland and raised in Germany, Mackay was the author of '' Die Anarchisten'' (The Anarchists, 1891) a ...
,
Herwarth Walden Herwarth Walden (actual name Georg Lewin; 16 September 1879, in Berlin – 31 October 1941, in Saratov, Russia) was a German expressionist artist and art expert in many disciplines. He is broadly acknowledged as one of the most important discove ...
,
Emil Ludwig Emil Ludwig (25 January 1881 – 17 September 1948) was a German-Swiss author, known for his biographies and study of historical "greats." Biography Emil Ludwig (originally named Emil Cohn) was born in Breslau, now part of Poland, on 25 Ja ...
,
Franz Werfel Franz Viktor Werfel (; 10 September 1890 – 26 August 1945) was an Austrian- Bohemian novelist, playwright, and poet whose career spanned World War I, the Interwar period, and World War II. He is primarily known as the author of ''The For ...
, Wilhelm Schmidtbonn, and others.


1930s and 1940s

During
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
, Eulenberg's dramas were banned, his books were no longer printed or sold. Yet, he stood firm against the threats of party members, who continuously denounced the pacifist and humanist as a “red-haired
Jew Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
”. If it had not been for his great fame he would have ended up in a Nazi concentration camp. Eulenburg was a member of the Reich Chamber of Literature (part of the
Reich Chamber of Culture The Reich Chamber of Culture (''Reichskulturkammer'') was a government agency in Nazi Germany. It was established by law on 22 September 1933 in the course of the ''Gleichschaltung'' process at the instigation of Reich Minister Joseph Goebbels a ...
).Kürschners Literaturkalender 1943. Walter de Gruyter & Co. Berlin, 1943. P. 244. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, he published short articles under his pseudonyms “Siebenkäs”, “Lynkeus” or “Der lächelnde Zuschauer” in “Der Mittag”, a Düsseldorf daily newspaper. At the same time he wrote a multitude of dramas, in which he sharply attacked and disputed the current political situation. After 1945 he was permanent contributor to the magazines “ Aufbau” and “
Die Weltbühne ''Die Weltbühne'' (‘The World Stage’) was a German weekly magazine for politics, art and the economy. It was founded in Berlin in 1905 as (‘The Theater’) by Siegfried Jacobsohn and was originally a theater magazine only. In 1913 it be ...
”. He received further prizes: 1948 the “Heinrich-Heine Prize” of the "Heinrich-Heine-Gesellschaft" at
Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...
for his biography of Heinrich Heine. In the cultural alliance for the democratic renewal of Germany he committed himself to the rebuilding of a cultural program for the bombed Düsseldorf. In 1948 he received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of
Bonn The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ru ...
. Eulenberg died in
Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth Kaiserswerth is one of the oldest quarters of the City of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 5. It is in the north of the city and next to the river Rhine. It houses the where Florence Nightingale worked. Kaiserswerth has an area of , and 7,923 inh ...
on September 4, 1949 of serious injuries after an accident. In 1949 he was posthumously awarded the Nationalpreis der DDR.


Awards and honours

* 1913 Volks-Schillerpreis and Preis der Peter Wilhelm Müller-Stiftung * 1919 Wiener Volkstheaterpreis * 1946 He was given the freedom of the city of Düsseldorf * 1948 Heinrich-Heine-Preis of the city of Hamburg * 1949 Nationalpreis der DDR of the GDR


Literary works

* ''Anna Walewska. Eine Tragödie in 5 Akten'' Berlin (1899) * ''Münchhausen. Ein deutsches Schauspiel'' Berlin (1900) * ''Leidenschaft. Trauerspiel in fünf Aufzügen'' Leipzig (1901) * ''Ein halber Held. Tragödie in fünf Aufzügen'' Leipzig (1903) * ''Kassandra. Ein Drama'' Berlin (1903) * ''Du darfst ehebrechen! Eine moralische Geschichte. Allen guten Ehemännern gewidmet'' Berlin (1909) * ''Alles um Liebe. Eine Komödie'' Leipzig (1910) * ''Deutsche Sonette'' Leipzig (1910) * ''Schattenbilder. Eine Fibel für Kulturbedürftige in Deutschland'' Berlin (1910) * ''Sonderbare Geschichten'' Leipzig (1910) * ''Brief eines Vaters unserer Zeit In: PAN 1. Jg.'', Nr. 11, 1. (April 1911) S. 358 - 363 * ''Die Kunst in unserer Zeit. Eine Trauerrede an die deutsche Nation'' Leipzig (1911) * ''Alles um Geld. Ein Stück'' Leipzig (1911) * ''Katinka die Fliege. Ein zeitgenössischer Roman'' Leipzig (1911) * ''Ikarus und Daedalus. Ein Oratorium'' Leipzig (1912) * ''Neue Bilder'' (1912) * ''Belinde. Ein Liebesstück in fünf Aufzügen'' Leipzig (1913) * ''Der Frauentausch. Ein Spiel in fünf Aufzügen'' Leipzig (1914) * ''Zeitwende. Ein Schauspiel in fünf Akten'' Leipzig (1914) * ''Der Morgen nach Kunersdorf. Ein vaterländisches Stückchen'' Leipzig (1914) * ''Letzte Bilder'' Berlin (1915) * ''Das Ende der Marienburg. Ein Akt aus der Geschichte'' Stuttgart (1918) * ''Der Bankrott Europas. Erzählungen aus unserer Zeit'' (1919) * ''Mein Leben für die Bühne'' Berlin (1919) * ''Anna Boleyn'' Berlin (1920) * ''Der Übergang. Eine Tragödie'' München (1920) * ''Das grüne Haus. Ein Schauspiel'' (1921) * ''Der Mückentanz. Ein Spiel'' Stuttgart (1922) * ''Liebesgeschichten'' Leipzig (1922) * ''Mückentanz. Ein Spiel'' Stuttgart (1922) * ''Wir Zugvögel. Roman'' Stuttgart (1923) * ''Erscheinungen'' Stuttgart (1923) * ''Die Familie Feuerbach. In Bildnissen'' Stuttgart (1924) * ''Bühnenbilder'' Berlin (1924) * ''Ausgewählte Werke in 5 Bänden. Bd. 1: Lyrische und dramatische Dichtungen'' Stuttgart (1925) * ''Ausgewählte Werke in 5 Bänden. Bd. 2: Dramen aus der Jugendzeit'' ebd. * ''Ausgewählte Werke in 5 Bänden. Bd. 3: Dramen aus dem Mannesalter'' ebd. * ''Ausgewählte Werke in 5 Bänden. Bd. 4: Schattenbilder und Lichtbilder'' ebd * ''Ausgewählte Werke in 5 Bänden. Bd. 5: Erzählende Werke'' ebd * ''Mensch und Meteor'' Dresden (1925) * ''Schattenbilder und Lichtbilder'' Stuttgart (1926) * ''Ein rheinisches Dichterleben'' Bonn & Berlin (1927) * ''Um den Rhein'' Berlin (1927) * ''Glückliche Frauen Hellerau'' (1929) * ''Die letzten Wittelsbacher'' Wien (1929) * Die Windmühle Hamburg (1929) * ''Das Marienbild in: Neue deutsche Erzähler'' Bd. 1 (Max Brod u.a.) Paul Franke, Berlin o. J. (1930) * ''Das Buch vom Rheinland'' München (1931) * ''Glaube, Liebe, Hoffnung'' Berlin (1942) * ''Nachsommer.'' Berlin (1942) * ''Die Prä-Raphaeliten'' Düsseldorf (1946) * ''Freundesworte in: Leo Statz: Der Sillbund Drei Eulen'', Düsseldorf (1946) S. 11 - 20 (Nachruf auf den von den Nazis ermordeten Statz) * ''Heinrich Heine'' Berlin (1947) * ''Meister der Frühe'' Düsseldorf (1947) * ''So war mein Leben'' Düsseldorf (1948) * ''Europa. Ein Hirtenstück aus der griechischen Sagenwelt (zwischen 1940 und 1944)'' Düsseldorf (1949) * ''Schattenbilder. 20 Musikerportraits'' Düsseldorf & Wien (1965)


Literature

* Johann Gottfried Hagens: ''Herbert Eulenberg''. Berlin: Börngräber (1910). (= Der moderne Dichter; 4) * Peter Hamecher: ''Herbert Eulenberg. Ein Orientierungsversuch''. Leipzig: Rowohlt (1911). * Oskar Maurus Fontana: ''Die Dramatiker des Rheinlandes. Herbert Eulenberg und Wilhelm Schmidtbonn''. Augsburg: Filser (1921). * Rudi vom Endt: ''Der Dichter Eulenberg, ganz menschlich gesehen''. Wuppertal-Elberfeld: Putty (1946). * Hedda Eulenberg: ''Im Doppelglück von Kunst und Leben''. Düsseldorf: Die Faehre (1952). * Otto Brües: ''Herbert Eulenberg. Ansprache zu seinem Gedächtnis an seinem 80''. Geburtstag am 25. January 1956 in der Staatlichen Kunstakademie. Düsseldorf: Gesellschaft von Freunden und Förderern der Staatl. Kunstakademie (1956). * Helgard Bruhns: ''Herbert Eulenberg. Drama, Dramatik, Wirkung''. Frankfurt am Main: Akad. Verl.-Ges. (1974). * Michael Matzigkeit: ''Herbert Eulenberg - "Siebenkäs", eine Opposition im Verborgenen. In: Musik, Theater, Literatur und Film zur Zeit des Dritten Reiches''. Düsseldorf (1987), S. 89-95. * Michael Matzigkeit: ''Herbert Eulenberg - Der Prototyp des "rheinischen" Autors''. In: Ders., Literatur im Aufbruch. Schriftsteller und Theater in Düsseldorf 1900 - 1933. Düsseldorf: Verl. d. Goethe-Buchh., (1990), S. 57 - 82; 214 - 221. * Frank Thissen: ''"Edle Arznei für den Alltag"''. Herbert Eulenbergs Düsseldorfer Morgenfeiern und die Romantikrezeption um 1990. Köln u.a.: Böhlau (1992). (= Böhlau forum litterarum; 16) (can be demanded as PDF by the author.) * Bernd Kortländer: ''Rheinischer Internationalismus am Beispiel Herbert Eulenbergs''. In: Literarische Fundstücke, hrsg. v. Ariane Neuhaus-Koch u. Gertrude Cepl-Kaufmann. Heidelberg: Winter (2002). (= Beiträge zur neueren Literaturgeschichte; 188). S. 256-274. * Joseph A. Kruse: ''Der Schriftsteller Herbert Eulenberg (1876-1949)''. Ein "Ehrenbürger der Welt" aus Kaiserswerth am Rhein. In: Geschichte im Westen. 18 (2003) S. 116-128. * Sabine Brenner: ''"Heinrich Heine hat mich gebeten, in seinem Namen folgendes zu erklären"''. Der ’rheinische’ Dichter Herbert Eulenberg und sein literarisches Vorbild Heinrich Heine. In: "... und die Welt ist so lieblich verworren", hrsg. v. Bernd Kortländer. Bielefeld: Aisthesis (2004).


References


External links

*
Haus Freiheit

Heinrich Heine Institut Düsseldorf

Volkmar Hansen: Herbert Eulenberg (1876-1949)
(pdf-Datei)

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Eulenberg, Herbert 1876 births 1949 deaths German poets Writers from Cologne People from the Rhine Province German male poets German male dramatists and playwrights 20th-century German dramatists and playwrights