Hepato-biliary diseases include liver diseases and biliary diseases. Their study is known as hepatology.

Liver diseases

Viral hepatitis

* Acute hepatitis A * Acute hepatitis B * Acute

hepatitis C Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. During the initial infection people often have mild or no symptoms. Occasionally a fever, dark urine, a ...

* Acute hepatitis D – this is a superinfection with the delta-agent in a patient already infected with hepatitis B * Acute hepatitis E * Chronic viral hepatitis * Other viral hepatitis viruses may exist but their relation to the disease is not firmly established like the previous ones ( hepatitis F,

GB virus C GB virus C (GBV-C), formerly known as hepatitis G virus (HGV) and also known as human pegivirus – HPgV is a virus in the family ''Flaviviridae'' and a member of the ''Pegivirus'', is known to infect humans, but is not known to cause human dise ...

, hepatitis X)

Other infectious diseases

* Hepatitis: **

cytomegalovirus ''Cytomegalovirus'' (''CMV'') (from ''cyto-'' 'cell' via Greek - 'container' + 'big, megalo-' + -''virus'' via Latin 'poison') is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Betaherpe ...

infection ** herpesviral: herpes simplex infection * Toxoplasmosis * Hepatosplenic

schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, bilharzia, and Katayama fever, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes. The urinary tract or the intestines may be infected. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody s ...

Portal hypertension Portal hypertension is abnormally increased portal venous pressure – blood pressure in the portal vein and its branches, that drain from most of the intestine to the liver. Portal hypertension is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient gr ...

* Liver disease in

syphilis Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium ''Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''. The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, an ...

* Epstein–Barr virus infection * yellow fever virus infection *

rubella Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild, with half of people not realizing that they are infected. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and ...

virus infection *

leptospirosis Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacteria ''Leptospira''. Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild (headaches, muscle pains, and fevers) to severe ( bleeding in the lungs or meningitis). Weil's disease, the acute, severe ...

* Echinococcosis * Amoebiasis

Other inflammatory diseases

liver abscess A liver abscess is a mass filled with pus inside the liver. Common causes are abdominal conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis due to haematogenous spread through the portal vein. It can also develop as a complication of a liver injury. ...

* autoimmune hepatitis * primary biliary cholangitis (

primary biliary cirrhosis Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. It results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build ...

) * phlebitis of the

portal vein The portal vein or hepatic portal vein (HPV) is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver. This blood contains nutrients and toxins extracted from digested contents. Approxima ...

* granulomatous hepatitis ** berylliosis ** sarcoidosis *

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is excessive fat build-up in the liver without another clear cause such as alcohol use. There are two types; non-alcoholic ...

(NASH)

Alcohol

This may cause fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis and sclerosis leading to cirrhosis and finally liver failure.

Toxins

This includes mostly drug-induced hepatotoxicity, (DILI) which may generate many different patterns over liver disease, including * cholestasis *

necrosis Necrosis () is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis. Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, or trauma which result in the unregulated dige ...

* acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis of different forms, * cirrhosis
Effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
* other rare disorders like

focal nodular hyperplasia Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign tumor of the liver ( hepatic tumor), which is the second most prevalent tumor of the liver (the first is hepatic hemangioma). It is usually asymptomatic, rarely grows or bleeds, and has no malignant pot ...

Hepatic fibrosis Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease, is the impaired liver function caused by the formation of scar tissue known as fibrosis due to damage caused by liver disease. Damage causes tissue repai ...

peliosis hepatis Peliosis hepatis is an uncommon vascular condition characterised by multiple, randomly distributed, blood-filled cavities throughout the liver. The size of the cavities usually ranges between a few millimetres and 3 cm in diameter. Chapter 80 ...

and veno-occlusive disease. Liver damage is part of Reye syndrome.

Tumours

Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. The most frequent forms are metastatic malignant neoplasm of liver) * liver cell carcinoma **

hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It occurs in t ...

hepatoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It occurs in t ...

cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. Symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma may include abdominal pain, yellowish skin, weight loss, generalized itching, and fever. Light colored stool ...

* hepatoblastoma * angiosarcoma of liver * Kupffer cell sarcoma * other sarcomas of liver Benign neoplasm of liver include hepatic hemangiomas, hepatic adenomas, and

(FNH).

End-stage liver disease

Chronic liver diseases like chronic hepatitis, chronic

alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse encompasses a spectrum of unhealthy alcohol drinking behaviors, ranging from binge drinking to alcohol dependence, in extreme cases resulting in health problems for individuals and large scale social problems such as alcohol-relat ...

or chronic toxic liver disease may cause * liver failure and hepatorenal syndrome * fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver Cirrhosis may also occur in

. Rarely, cirrhosis is congenital.

Metabolic diseases

* metabolic diseases (chapter E in ICD-10) ** haemochromatosis ** Wilson's disease ** Gilbert's syndrome ** Crigler–Najjar syndrome ** Dubin–Johnson syndrome **

Rotor syndrome Rotor syndrome (also known as Rotor type hyperbilirubinemia) is a rare cause of mixed direct (conjugated) and indirect (unconjugated) hyperbilirubinemia, relatively benign, autosomal recessive bilirubin disorder characterized by non-hemolytic jau ...

Vascular disorders

* chronic passive congestion of liver * central haemorrhagic necrosis of liver * infarction of liver *

* veno-occlusive disease *

portal hypertension Portal hypertension is abnormally increased portal venous pressure – blood pressure in the portal vein and its branches, that drain from most of the intestine to the liver. Portal hypertension is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient gr ...

Budd–Chiari syndrome Budd–Chiari syndrome is a very rare condition, affecting one in a million adults. The condition is caused by occlusion of the hepatic veins that drain the liver. It presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites, and liver enlarge ...

Cysts

Congenital A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is an abnormal condition that is present at birth regardless of its cause. Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental. The disabilities can ...

cystic disease of the liver * Cysts caused by Echinococcus * Polycystic liver disease

Others

Amyloid degeneration of liver

Gallbladder and biliary tract diseases

* malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder * malignant neoplasm of other parts of biliary tract ** extrahepatic bile duct **

ampulla of Vater The ampulla of Vater, also known as the or the hepatopancreatic duct, is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. The ampulla is specifically located at the major duodenal papilla. The ampulla of Vater is an import ...

* cholelithiasis * cholecystitis * others (excluding

postcholecystectomy syndrome Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Symptoms occur in about 5 to 40 percent of patients who undergo cholecystectomy, and can be transient, persistent or li ...

), but including ** other obstructions of the gallbladder (like strictures) ** hydrops, perforation, fistula ** cholesterolosis **

biliary dyskinesia Biliary dyskinesia is a disorder of some component of biliary part of the digestive system in which bile cannot physically move in the proper direction through the tubular biliary tract. It most commonly involves abnormal biliary tract peristalsis ...

* ICD-10 code K83: other diseases of the

biliary tract The biliary tract, (biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile. Bile consists of water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and co ...

: ** cholangitis (including

ascending cholangitis Ascending cholangitis, also known as acute cholangitis or simply cholangitis, is inflammation of the bile duct, usually caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It tends to occur if th ...

and

primary sclerosing cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a long-term progressive disease of the liver and gallbladder characterized by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts, which normally allow bile to drain from the gallbladder. Affected individuals may ha ...

) ** obstruction, perforation, fistula of

(bile duct) ** spasm of sphincter of Oddi ** biliary cyst **

biliary atresia Biliary atresia, also known as extrahepatic ductopenia and progressive obliterative cholangiopathy, is a childhood disease of the liver in which one or more bile ducts are abnormally narrow, blocked, or absent. It can be congenital or acquired. I ...

References

ICD-10 codes K70-K77: Liver Disease

{{Gastroenterology Diseases of liver Hepatology