Greek mythology A major branch of classical mythology, Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of Ancient Greek folklore. These stories concern the origin and nature of the world, the lives and activities o ...

, Hellen (; grc, Ἕλλην) is the eponymous progenitor of the Hellenes. He is the child of

Deucalion In Greek mythology, Deucalion (; grc-gre, Δευκαλίων) was the son of Prometheus; ancient sources name his mother as Clymene, Hesione, or Pronoia.A scholium to ''Odyssey'' 10.2 (='' Catalogue'' fr. 4) reports that Hesiod called Deucal ...

(or

Zeus Zeus or , , ; grc, Δῐός, ''Diós'', label= genitive Boeotian Aeolic and Laconian grc-dor, Δεύς, Deús ; grc, Δέος, ''Déos'', label= genitive el, Δίας, ''Días'' () is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek relig ...

) and Pyrrha, and the father of three sons, Dorus,

Xuthus In Greek mythology, Xuthus (; grc, Ξοῦθος ''Xouthos'') was a Phthian prince who later became a king of Peloponnesus. He was the founder (through his sons) of the Achaean and Ionian nations. Etymology According to the author, Robert ...

, and

Aeolus In Greek mythology, Aeolus or Aiolos (; grc, Αἴολος , ) is a name shared by three mythical characters. These three personages are often difficult to tell apart, and even the ancient mythographers appear to have been perplexed about which A ...

, by whom he is the ancestor of the Greek peoples.

Family

The ''

Catalogue of Women The ''Catalogue of Women'' ( grc, Γυναικῶν Κατάλογος, Gunaikôn Katálogos)—also known as the ''Ehoiai '' ( grc, Ἠοῖαι, Ēoîai, )The Latin transliterations ''Eoeae'' and ''Ehoeae'' are also used (e.g. , ); see Title ...

'' (sixth century BC?) is a fragmentary poem attributed to

Hesiod Hesiod (; grc-gre, Ἡσίοδος ''Hēsíodos'') was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He is generally regarded by western authors as 'the first written poet i ...

; the work is structured around a large genealogy of mortals, Hellen's family being described in Book 1 of the poem. According to a

scholion Scholia (singular scholium or scholion, from grc, σχόλιον, "comment, interpretation") are grammatical, critical, or explanatory comments – original or copied from prior commentaries – which are inserted in the margin of th ...

Apollonius of Rhodes Apollonius of Rhodes ( grc, Ἀπολλώνιος Ῥόδιος ''Apollṓnios Rhódios''; la, Apollonius Rhodius; fl. first half of 3rd century BC) was an ancient Greek author, best known for the '' Argonautica'', an epic poem about Jason and ...

' ''

Argonautica The ''Argonautica'' ( el, Ἀργοναυτικά , translit=Argonautika) is a Greek epic poem written by Apollonius Rhodius in the 3rd century BC. The only surviving Hellenistic epic, the ''Argonautica'' tells the myth of the voyage of Jas ...

'', Hellen, in the poem, is called the son of Pyrrha, by either Deucalion, or alternatively, by

Prometheus In Greek mythology, Prometheus (; , , possibly meaning " forethought")Smith"Prometheus". is a Titan god of fire. Prometheus is best known for defying the gods by stealing fire from them and giving it to humanity in the form of technology, kn ...

(who is called the father of Deucalion in the same passage). The latter parentage, however, it seems was not a part of the ''Catalogue'', but rather a mistake on the part of the scholion. A scholion on the ''

Odyssey The ''Odyssey'' (; grc, Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia, ) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the '' Iliad'', ...

'' similarly calls Hellen a son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, giving his siblings as

Amphictyon Amphictyon or Amphiktyon (; grc, Ἀμφικτύων), in Greek mythology, was a king of Thermopylae and later Athens. In one account, he was the ruler of Locris. Pseudo-Scymnos, ''Circuit de la terre'' 587 ff. Etymology The name of Amphict ...

Protogeneia Protogeneia (; Ancient Greek: means "the firstborn"), in Greek mythology, may refer to: *Protogeneia, a Phthian princess as the daughter of King Deucalion of Thessaly and Pyrrha, mythological progenitors of the Hellenes. She was the sister of ...

, and

Melanthea In Greek mythology, Melantheia or Melanthea (Ancient Greek: Μελανθείας) was the daughter of the river-god Alpheus, and thus she can be counted as a naiad. Melanthea bore to Poseidon, Eirene whom the earlier name of Calaurea was call ...

( Melantho). The scholion, however, also states that "some say that Hellen was the son of Zeus by birth but was said to be the son of Deucalion", leading

M. L. West Martin Litchfield West, (23 September 1937 – 13 July 2015) was a British philologist and classical scholar. In recognition of his contribution to scholarship, he was awarded the Order of Merit in 2014. West wrote on ancient Greek music, Gree ...

to consider Hellen's real father in the ''Catalogue'' to in fact be Zeus, and Deucalion only, in West's words, his "nominal father".

Plutarch Plutarch (; grc-gre, Πλούταρχος, ''Ploútarchos''; ; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for hi ...

, in his ''

Moralia The ''Moralia'' ( grc, Ἠθικά ''Ethika''; loosely translated as "Morals" or "Matters relating to customs and mores") is a group of manuscripts dating from the 10th–13th centuries, traditionally ascribed to the 1st-century Greek scholar Pl ...

'', quotes a passage from the ''Catalogue'' in which Hellen is the father of three sons, Dorus,

, and

. He does not, however, give the source of the passage; it is instead the Byzantine poet

John Tzetzes John Tzetzes ( grc-gre, Ἰωάννης Τζέτζης, Iōánnēs Tzétzēs; c. 1110, Constantinople – 1180, Constantinople) was a Byzantine poet and grammarian who is known to have lived at Constantinople in the 12th century. He was able to pr ...

who attributes it to the ''Catalogue''. Though no mother is specified in the passage, West suggests that she was one "Othryis", the nymph of Mount Othrys, based upon the mothers given by

Apollodorus Apollodorus (Greek: Ἀπολλόδωρος ''Apollodoros'') was a popular name in ancient Greece. It is the masculine gender of a noun compounded from Apollo, the deity, and doron, "gift"; that is, "Gift of Apollo." It may refer to: :''Note: A f ...

and a scholion on

Plato Plato ( ; grc-gre, Πλάτων ; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution ...

's ''

Symposium In ancient Greece, the symposium ( grc-gre, συμπόσιον ''symposion'' or ''symposio'', from συμπίνειν ''sympinein'', "to drink together") was a part of a banquet that took place after the meal, when drinking for pleasure was acc ...

'' (see below). A scholion on

Thucydides Thucydides (; grc, , }; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His '' History of the Peloponnesian War'' recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of " scienti ...

' ''

History of the Peloponnesian War The ''History of the Peloponnesian War'' is a historical account of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), which was fought between the Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta) and the Delian League (led by Athens). It was written by Thucydides, an ...

'' attributes to Hecataeus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC) a very different genealogy of Hellen, in which he is not the son of Deucalion but rather the grandson, being the son of one "

Pronous ''Pronous'' is a genus of South American and African orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1881. Species it contains sixteen species: *'' Pronous affinis'' Simon, 1901 – Malaysia *'' Pronous beatus'' ( O. Pickard-Cam ...

", himself the son of Deucalion, alongside " Orestheus" and " Marathonius". According to a scholion on

's ''

'' citing Hellanicus (fl. late fifth century BC), Hellen "was born to Deukalion and Pyrrha, or according to some, to Zeus and Pyrrha", and was the father, by "Othreis", of Dorus, Xuthus, Aeolus, and in addition a daughter, named Xenopatra.

Conon Conon ( el, Κόνων) (before 443 BC – c. 389 BC) was an Athenian general at the end of the Peloponnesian War, who led the Athenian naval forces when they were defeated by a Peloponnesian fleet in the crucial Battle of Aegospotami; later he ...

(before 444 BC – after 394 BC), in his ''Narrations'' (as recounted by

Photius Photios I ( el, Φώτιος, ''Phōtios''; c. 810/820 – 6 February 893), also spelled PhotiusFr. Justin Taylor, essay "Canon Law in the Age of the Fathers" (published in Jordan Hite, T.O.R., & Daniel J. Ward, O.S.B., "Readings, Cases, Materia ...

) similarly considers Hellen the son of Deucalion (though "some" says is the son of Zeus), and the father of Dorus, Xuthus, Aeolus. A scholion on

Pindar Pindar (; grc-gre, Πίνδαρος , ; la, Pindarus; ) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes. Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved. Quintilian wrote, "Of the nine lyric poets, Pindar ...

, in contrast, makes Deucalion the brother of Hellen (rather than the father), and them both sons of Prometheus.

Vitruvius Vitruvius (; c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC) was a Roman architect and engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled '' De architectura''. He originated the idea that all buildings should have three attribut ...

(c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC), in his ''

De Architectura (''On architecture'', published as ''Ten Books on Architecture'') is a treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect and military engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide ...

'', calls Dorus the son of Hellen by the "nymph Phthia", while

Dionysius of Halicarnassus Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( grc, Διονύσιος Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἁλικαρνασσεύς, ; – after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Emperor Augustus. His literary styl ...

(c. 60 BC – after 7 BC) apparently considered

to be Hellen's son (usually Hellen's brother).

Hyginus Gaius Julius Hyginus (; 64 BC – AD 17) was a Latin author, a pupil of the scholar Alexander Polyhistor, and a freedman of Caesar Augustus. He was elected superintendent of the Palatine library by Augustus according to Suetonius' ''De Grammati ...

(c. 64 BC – AD 17), in his ''

Fabulae Gaius Julius Hyginus (; 64 BC – AD 17) was a Latin author, a pupil of the scholar Alexander Polyhistor, and a freedman of Caesar Augustus. He was elected superintendent of the Palatine library by Augustus according to Suetonius' ''De Grammati ...

'', at one point calls Hellen the son of Zeus by Pyrrha, while later, he is listed among the sons of

Poseidon Poseidon (; grc-gre, Ποσειδῶν) was one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth, god of the sea, storms, earthquakes and horses.Burkert 1985pp. 136–139 In pre-Olympian Bronze Age Greece, he was venerated as ...

, where he is called his son by Antiope (the son of

, who is usually Hellen's descendant), and the brother of Boeotus. According to the mythographer

(first or second century AD), Hellen's parents are Deucalion and Pyrrha, and his siblings Amphictyon and Protogeneia, or according to "some", his parents are Zeus and Pyrrha. Apollodorus, similarly to the ''Catalogue'' and other sources, calls him the father of Dorus, Xuthus and Aeolus; however, he specifies the nymph

Orseis In Greek mythology, Orseïs (; Ancient Greek: Ὀρσηΐς, derived from ὄρσω - ''orsô'', "to rouse, stir, awaken, excite or arise") was the water-nymph (Naiad) of a spring in Thessalia, Greece, and the mythical ancestor of the Greeks. In ...

(rather than Othreis) as their mother. According to the Byzantine chronicler

John Malalas John Malalas ( el, , ''Iōánnēs Malálas''; – 578) was a Byzantine chronicler from Antioch (now Antakya, Turkey). Life Malalas was of Syrian descent, and he was a native speaker of Syriac who learned how to write in Greek later ...

(c. 491 – 578), Hellen was the son of "Picus Zeus", and the father (rather than son) of Deucalion. According to

Stephanus of Byzantium Stephanus or Stephan of Byzantium ( la, Stephanus Byzantinus; grc-gre, Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, ''Stéphanos Byzántios''; centuryAD), was a Byzantine grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled ''Ethn ...

(fl. 6th century AD), the historian Archinus had Hellen as the father of one "

Neonus In Greek mythology, Neonus (Ancient Greek: Νεώνου) was a Phthian prince as the son of King Hellen of Thessaly, the son of Deucalion, the Hellenic progenitor. His mother was possibly the nymph Orseis (Othreis), and thus probably the broth ...

", father of "

Dotus In Greek mythology, Dotus (Ancient Greek: Νεώνου) was the eponym of Dotium in Thessaly. He was the son of Neonus, son of Hellen, son of Deucalion.Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Dotion' Note References * Stephanus of Byzantium Steph ...

", the latter of which gave his name to Dotium in Thessaly.

Progenitor and Eponym of the Hellenes

Hellen was

Thessalian Thessaly ( el, Θεσσαλία, translit=Thessalía, ; ancient Thessalian: , ) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thess ...

Homer Homer (; grc, Ὅμηρος , ''Hómēros'') (born ) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'', two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the ...

, in the part of the ''

Iliad The ''Iliad'' (; grc, Ἰλιάς, Iliás, ; "a poem about Ilium") is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the ''Ody ...

'' known as the

Catalogue of Ships The Catalogue of Ships ( grc, νεῶν κατάλογος, ''neōn katálogos'') is an epic catalogue in Book 2 of Homer's ''Iliad'' (2.494–759), which lists the contingents of the Achaean army that sailed to Troy. The catalogue gives the na ...

, mentions the Hellenes () as a small tribe in Thessalic

Phthia In Greek mythology Phthia (; grc-gre, Φθία or Φθίη ''Phthía, Phthíē'') was a city or district in ancient Thessaly. It is frequently mentioned in Homer's ''Iliad'' as the home of the Myrmidones, the contingent led by Achilles in the ...

, among those commanded by

Achilles In Greek mythology, Achilles ( ) or Achilleus ( grc-gre, Ἀχιλλεύς) was a hero of the Trojan War, the greatest of all the Greek warriors, and the central character of Homer's '' Iliad''. He was the son of the Nereid Thetis and Pe ...

. Similarly, according to a scholion on Apollonius of Rhodes, Hecataeus and "Hesiod" considered Deucalion's descendants to be Thessalian. According to

Achaea Phthiotis Achaea Phthiotis ( grc, Ἀχαΐα Φθιῶτις, "Achaea of Phthia") or simply Phthiotis (Φθιῶτις) was a historical region of ancient Thessaly in ancient Greece. It lay in southeastern Thessaly, between Mount Othrys and the northern s ...

, as the birthplace of Hellen, was the home of the Hellenes; he says that before Hellen the name "Hellas" () didn't exist, but rather there were various tribes which went under different names, particularly "

Pelasgian The name Pelasgians ( grc, Πελασγοί, ''Pelasgoí'', singular: Πελασγός, ''Pelasgós'') was used by classical Greek writers to refer either to the predecessors of the Greeks, or to all the inhabitants of Greece before the emergenc ...

". It was only when Hellen and his sons "grew strong in Phthiotis" that they allied with various cities in war and these cities, one by one, through their association with Hellen and his sons, came to be called "Hellenes", though it was a long time before the name came to be applied to all.

''Melanippe Wise''

Though primarily genealogical in importance, Hellen does feature briefly in

Euripides Euripides (; grc, Εὐριπίδης, Eurīpídēs, ; ) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars ...

' lost play ''Melanippe Wise'' (c. 420 BC). In the play,

Melanippe :''The name Melanippe is the feminine counterpart of Melanippus.'' In Greek mythology, Melanippe () referred to several different people: * Melanippe, daughter of the Centaur Chiron. Also known as Hippe or Euippe. She bore a daughter to Aeolus, Me ...

, the daughter of

(and thus the granddaughter of Hellen), becomes by

the mother of twins,

and Boeotus. They are placed in a cowshed, leading Aeolus to think they are the "unnatural offspring of a cow", and Hellen convinces Aeolus to burn the twins. This story is depicted on a Apulian volute krater dating to the late 4th century BCE, in which a shepherd shows the twins to Hellen, in the presence of Melanippe, Aeolus, and Aeolus' son

Cretheus In Greek mythology, Cretheus (; Ancient Greek: Κρηθεύς ''Krētheus'') may refer to the following characters: * Cretheus, king and founder of Iolcus, the son of King Aeolus of Aeolia (son of Hellen) by either Enarete or Laodice. He was ...

.'' LIMC'
64 Hellen (S) 1image 1 of 1

Michael C. Carlos Museum The Michael C. Carlos Museum is an art museum located in Atlanta on the historic quadrangle of Emory University's main campus. The Carlos Museum has the largest ancient art collections in the Southeast, including objects from ancient Egypt, Greece ...

br>1994.001
Bing, p. 13; Oakley
p. 619, figure 18
For an extensive discussion of the vase, see Bing, pp. 13–6; see also Gantz, pp. 734–5; Collard and Cropp
p. 570
The only iconographic representation of Hellen, Bing, p. 14 describes him here as a "hooded, grizzled old man" and Gantz, p. 735 as "grim".

Genealogy

Notes

References

, ''Apollodorus. The Library, Volume I: Books 1-3.9'', translated by James G. Frazer,

Loeb Classical Library The Loeb Classical Library (LCL; named after James Loeb; , ) is a series of books originally published by Heinemann in London, but is currently published by Harvard University Press. The library contains important works of ancient Greek and ...

No. 121, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retir ...

, 1921.
Online version at Harvard University PressOnline version at the Perseus Digital Library
* Asquith, Helen, "From genealogy to ''Catalogue'': the Hellenistic adaptation of the Hesiodic catalogue form", in ''The Hesiodic ''Catalogue of Women'': Constructions and Reconstructions'', edited by Richard Hunter, Cambridge University Press, 2005. . * Bing, Peter, "Afterlives of a Tragic Poet: Anecdote, Image and Hypothesis in the Hellenistic Reception of Euripides", in ''Antike Und Abendland'', Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 1–17
Online version at De Gruyter
* Bury, J. B., "The History of the Names Hellas, Hellenes", in ''

The Journal of Hellenic Studies ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'' is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal covering research in Hellenic studies. It also publishes reviews of recent books of importance to Hellenic studies. It was established in 1880 and is published by Camb ...

'', Vol. 15, pp. 217–238. . * Caduff, Gian Andrea, ''Antike Sintflutsagen'', Gottingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1986.
Internet Archive
* Cardin, Marta, and Filippomaria Pontani, "Hesiod's Fragments in Byzantium", in ''Poetry in Fragments: Studies on the Hesiodic Corpus and its Afterlife'', edited by Christos Tsagalis,

De Gruyter Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter (), is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature. History The roots of the company go back to 1749 when Frederick the Great granted the Königliche Realschule in Be ...

, 2017.
Online version at De Gruyter
* Cufalo, Domenico, ''Scholia Graeca in Platonem, I: Scholia ad Dialogos Tetralogiarumi - VII Continens'', Roma, Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 2007. . * D'Alessio, Giovan Battista, "Ordered from the ''Catalogue'': Pindar, Bacchylides, and Hesiodic genealogical poetry", in ''The Hesiodic ''Catalogue of Women'': Constructions and Reconstructions'', edited by Richard Hunter, Cambridge University Press, 2005. . * Dindorf, Karl Wilhelm, ''Scholia Graeca in Homeri Odysseam'', Volume II, Oxford, E. Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1855
Internet ArchiveOnline version at the Perseus Digital Library
*

, '' Roman Antiquities, Volume II: Books 3-4'', translated by Earnest Cary,

No. 347, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

, 1939.
Online version at Harvard University Press
* Drachmann, Anders Bjørn, ''Scholia Vetera in Pindari Carmina, Vol. I: Scholia in Olympionicas'',

Bibliotheca Teubneriana The Bibliotheca Teubneriana, or ''Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana'', also known as Teubner editions of Greek and Latin texts, comprise one of the most thorough modern collection published of ancient (and some medieva ...

, Leipzig, Teubner, 1903
Internet ArchiveOnline version at De Gruyter (1997 reprint)Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
*

, ''Fragments: Aegeus-Meleager'', edited and translated by Christopher Collard and Martin Cropp,

No. 504, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

, 2008.
Online version at Harvard University Press
* Fowler, R. L. (1998), "Genealogical thinking, Hesiod's ''Catalogue'', and the Creation of the Hellenes", in ''Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society'', Vol. 44, pp. 1–19. . * Fowler, R. L. (2000), ''Early Greek Mythography: Volume 1: Text and Introduction'', Oxford University Press, 2000.
Google Books
* Fowler, R. L. (2013), ''Early Greek Mythography: Volume 2: Commentary'', Oxford University Press, 2013.
Google Books
* Gantz, Timothy, ''Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources'', Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: (Vol. 1), (Vol. 2). * Grimal, Pierre, ''The Dictionary of Classical Mythology'', Wiley-Blackwell, 1996.
Internet Archive
* Hall, Jonathan M., "The Role of Language in Greek Ethnicities", in ''Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society'', Vol. 41, pp. 83–100. . * Hard, Robin, ''The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"'', Psychology Press, 2004.
Google Books
* Harry, René, ''

: Bibliothèque. Tome III: Codices 186-222'', ''

Collection Budé The ''Collection Budé'', or the ''Collection des Universités de France'', is an editorial collection comprising the Greek and Latin classics up to the middle of the 6th century (before Emperor Justinian). It is published by Les Belles Lettres, ...

'', Paris,

Les Belles Lettres Les Belles Lettres is a French publisher specialising in the publication of ancient texts such as the '' Collection Budé''. The publishing house, originally named ''Société Les Belles Lettres pour le développement de la culture classique'', ...

, 1962. . *

Herodotus Herodotus ( ; grc, , }; BC) was an ancient Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria (Italy). He is known fo ...

, ''

The Persian Wars The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. The collision between the fractious political world of the ...

, Volume I: Books 1-2'', translated by

A. D. Godley Alfred Denis Godley (22 January 1856 – 27 June 1925) was an Anglo-Irish classical scholar and author of humorous poems. From 1910 to 1920 he was Public Orator at the University of Oxford, a post that involved composing citations in Latin for ...

No. 117, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

, 1920.
Online version at Harvard University PressOnline version at the Perseus Digital Library
*

, ''

'', in ''Hesiod: The Shield, Catalogue of Women, Other Fragments'', edited and translated by Glenn W. Most,

No. 503, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

, 2007, 2018.
Online version at Harvard University Press
* Hirschberger, Martina, ''Gynaikōn Katalogos und Megalai Ēhoiai: Ein Kommentar zu den Fragmenten zweier hesiodeischer Epen'', Munich and Leipzig, K. G. Saur Verlag, 2004. . *

, ''

, Volume I: Books 1-12'', translated by A. T. Murray, revised by William F. Wyatt,

No. 170, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

, 1924.
Online version at Harvard University PressOnline version at the Perseus Digital Library
* Hude, Karl, ''Scholia in Thucydidem'',

, Leipzig, Teubner, 1927
Internet Archive (1973 reprint)
* Hunter, Richard, ''Hesiodic Voices: Studies in the Ancient Reception of Hesiod's Works and Days'', Cambridge University Press, 2014. . * Hyginus, Gaius Julius, ''

'', in ''The Myths of Hyginus'', edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960
Online version at ToposText
* Hyginus, Gaius Julius, ''

De Astronomica ''De Astronomica'', or the ''Astronomy'', also known as ''Poeticon Astronomicon'', is a book of stories whose text is attributed to "Hyginus", though the true authorship is disputed. During the Renaissance, the work was attributed to the Roman ...

'', in ''The Myths of Hyginus'', edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960
Online version at ToposText
* Leone, Pietro Luigi, ''Scholia vetera et paraphrases in Lycophronis Alexandram'', Galatina, Congedo, 2002. . * Malalas, John, ''The Chronicle of John Malalas'', translated by Elizabeth Jeffreys, Michael Jeffreys and Roger Scott, Brill, 1986.
Online version at Brill
* Merkelbach, R., and

, ''Fragmenta Hesiodea'',

Clarendon Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...

Oxford, 1967. . * Nauck, Johann August, ''Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta'',

, Leipzig, Teubner, 1889
Internet Archive
* Papathomopoulos, Manolis, ''Exēgēsis Iōannou Grammatikou tou Tzetzou eis tēn Homērou Iliada'', Athens, Akademia Athenon, 2007. . *

, ''

, Volume IX: Table-Talk, Books 7-9. Dialogue on Love'', translated by Edwin L. Minar, F. H. Sandbach, and W. C. Helmbold,

No. 425, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

, 1961.
Online version at Harvard University Press
* Smith, William, ''

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' (1849, originally published 1844 under a slightly different title) is an encyclopedia/ biographical dictionary. Edited by William Smith, the dictionary spans three volumes and 3,700 ...

'', London (1873)
Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
*

Solinus Solinus may refer to: * Gaius Julius Solinus, a 3rd century Latin author * Solinus (horse), a British racehorse (1975–1979) * Solinus, Duke of Ephesus, a character in William Shakespeare's play ''The Comedy of Errors'' See also * Salinas (disam ...

, "Gaius Iulius Solinus and his Polyhistor", translated by Arwen Elizabeth Apps, Ph.D. dissertation, Macquarie University, 2011
Online version at ToposText
*

, ''Stephani Byzantii Ethnica: Volumen II Delta - Iota'', edited by Margarethe Billerbeck and Christian Zubler,

, 2011.
Online version at De GruyterInternet ArchiveGoogle Books
*

, ''

The Peloponnesian War The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world. The war remained undecided for a long time until the decisive intervention of th ...

'', London, J. M. Dent; New York, E. P. Dutton, 1910
Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
* Trzaskoma, Stephen M., R. Scott Smith, and Stephen Brunet, ''Anthology of Classical Myth: Primary Sources in Translation'', Hackett Publishing, 2004.
Google Books
*

, ''On Architecture, Volume I: Books 1-5'', translated by Frank Granger,

No. 251, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

, 1931.
Online version at Harvard University Press
* Wendel, Carl, ''Scholia in Apollonium Rhodium vetera'', Hildesheim, Weidmann, 1999. . * West, M. L. (1985), ''The Hesiodic Catalogue of Women: Its Nature, Structure, and Origins'',

Oxford, 1985. . * Yasumura, Noriko, ''Challenges to the Power of Zeus in Early Greek Poetry'', Bloomsbury Academic, London, 2011.
Google Books
{{refend Legendary progenitors Kings in Greek mythology Mythological kings of Thessaly Deucalionids Children of Zeus Demigods in classical mythology Thessalian characters in Greek mythology Thessalian mythology