Hatchway

120px, View of the hold of a container ship

A ship's hold or cargo hold is a space for carrying cargo in the ship's compartment.

Description

Cargo in holds may be either packaged in crates, bales, etc., or unpackaged (bulk cargo). Access to holds is by a large hatch at the top. Ships have had holds for centuries; an alternative way to carry cargo is in standardized shipping containers, which may be loaded into appropriate holds or carried on deck.

Holds in older ships were below the orlop deck, the lower part of the interior of a ship's hull, especially when considered as storage space, as for cargo. In later merchant vessels it extended up through the decks to the underside of the weather deck.

Some ships have built in cranes and can load and unload their own cargo. Other ships must have dock side cranes or gantry cranes to load and unload.

Cargo hatch

A cargo hatch or deck hatch or hatchway is type of door used on ships and boats to cover the opening to the cargo hold or other lower part of the ship. To make the cargo hold waterproof, most cargo holds have cargo hatch. This can be a waterproof door, like a trap door with hinges or a cover that is places on top of the cargo hold opening, covered and held down with a tarp or a latching system. Cargo hatch can also be flexible and roll up on to a pole. A small cargo hatch to a small storage locker is called a Lazarette. Should a cargo hatch fail in a storm, the ship is at risk of sinking, such that has happened on bulk carrier hatches. Some ships that sank due to cargo hatch failure: MV Derbyshire, MV Christinaki, Bark Marques, SS Henry Steinbrenner, SS El Faro, SS Marine Electric, and the SS Edmund Fitzgerald. Most cargo hatches have a coaming, a raised edge around the hatch, to help keep out water.
The term batten down the hatches is used prepare the ship for bad weather. This may included securing cargo hatch covers with wooden battens, to prevent water from entering from any angle. The term cargo hatch can also be a used for any deck opening leading to the cargo holds. Aircraft and spacecraft may also used the term for its cargo doors.marineinsight.com Different Types And Designs of Hatch Covers Used For Ships, By Tanumoy Sinha, January 8, 2021
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:Basic types:»
* Lifting (up to remove)
* Rolling (rolls up on to a pole, trap type)
* Folding (fold up like paper or an accordion
* Sliding (slides on to the deck or over the side of ship)
* Roll stowing (roll up on to a pole, plates)

Gallery

File:SS Stevens A-deck aft cargo hatch 6.jpg, A weathered cargo hatch cover on the SS Stevens
File:VIEW OF WHEELHOUSE FROM STARBOARD SIDE OF HATCH COAMING - Bugeye "Louise Travers", Intersection of Routes 2 and 4, Solomons, Calvert County, MD HAER MD,5-SOLOM,1-16.tif, Cargo hatch coaming (bottom right) on a bugeye
File:JS FUZI(AGB-5001) Cargo hatch at Port of Nagoya 20150530.JPG, Cargo hatch of the ship ''Port of Nagoya''
File:Maya OBO carrier 2.jpg, A sliding Cargo hatch cover on the OBO-carrier ''Maya''
File:Containerladeräume Schiff retouched.jpg, The cargo holds of a container ship
File:StateLibQld 1 148179 Omega (ship).jpg, Deck hatch of the ''Omega'', the last square-rigged sailing cargo ship
File:USS Henderson AP-1.jpg, USS Henderson (AP-1) at Panama Canal in 1933. With two open cargo hatches forward of the bridge.
File:Port Chicago disaster, pier diagram.jpg, Layout from above of the five cargo holds of a Liberty ship and a Victory ship from Port Chicago disaster.
File:Port Repair Ship diagram.jpg, Holds of U.S. Army Engineer Port Repair ship
File:USSRankinCargoHold.jpg, The cargo hold of USS Rankin (AKA-103) for Combat loading
File:Charles W. Morgan cargo hold.jpg, Wood cargo hold on the SS Charles W. Morgan at Mystic Seaport
File:Mini-bulker loading scrap iron.jpg, Loading scrap iron in to a cargo hold with sliding covers
File:Cargo hold in MAGDALENE VINNEN with crew men positioning wool bales, March 1933 (6958570450).jpg, Positioning wool bales in a hold in 1933 into the ''Magdalene Vinnen (1921)''
Image:Hatch covers on bulk carrier.jpg, The sliding hatch covers of ''Zaira.''
File:Bulk carrier midship section en.svg, Bulk carrier hold midship cross section view
File:Sabrina I cropped.jpg, ''Sabrina I'' with five large holds
File:Expositie Russische kunstschatten te Den Haag, Bestanddeelnr 919-4826.jpg, Cargo hold
File:Alberg 22 sailboat Due Point lazarette 2504.jpg, A lazarette with a white cargo hatch cover

See also

* Plug door
*Cargo aircraft
* Edward Edgar Foden
Ships with Holds:
* Container ship newer mode
* Liberty ship
* Thames sailing barge
* Type C1 ship
* Type C2 ship
* Type C3 ship
* Victory ship

References

Notes

Sources

*Sawyer, L.A. and W.H. Mitchell. ''Victory ships and tankers: The history of the ‘Victory’ type cargo ships and of the tankers built in the United States of America during World War II'', Cornell Maritime Press, 1974, 0-87033-182-5.
*United States Maritime Commission

*Victory Cargo Ship

External links

''SS Jeremiah O'Brien'', Liberty museum ship moored at Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco, California


* ttp://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116liberty_victory_ships.htm Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in WarA lesson on Liberty ships and Victory ships from the National Park Service's Teaching with Historic Places.

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Ship compartments
Shipping