Hart's Rules

''Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford''—today published under the short title ''New Hart's Rules''—is an authoritative reference book and style guide published in England by Oxford University Press (OUP). ''Hart's Rules'' originated as a compilation of best practices and standards by English printer and biographer Horace Hart over almost three decades during his employment at other printing establishments, but they were first printed as a single broadsheet page for in-house use by the OUP in 1893 while Hart's job was controller of the university press. They were originally intended as a concise style guide for the staff of the OUP, but they developed continuously over the years, were published in 1904, and soon gained wider use as a source for authoritative instructions on typesetting style, grammar, punctuation, and usage.

''Hart's Rules'' has been revised and republished under different titles, including ''The Oxford Guide to Style'' (2002), ''The Oxford Style Manual'' (2003, also including ''The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors'' of 2000), ''New Hart's Rules'' (2005, an updated but abridged, pocket-size version), and ''New Oxford Style Manual'' (2012, inclusive of ''New Hart's Rules'' and ''The New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors'' of 2005, together notably shorter than the 2003 combined edition). A revised second edition of ''New Hart's Rules'' (without the ''Dictionary'') was released in 2014, and a second ''New Oxford Style Manual'' was compiled in 2016, using the 2014 versions of both of the individual volumes.

Publishing history

After their first appearance, Hart's rules were reissued in a second edition in 1894, and two further editions in 1895. They were continually revised, enlarged and reissued, and had reached their 15th edition by the time they were eventually published as a book in March 1904. New editions and reprints continued to appear over almost eight decades, until the 39th edition (1983) which was reprinted fifteen times—the last in 2000. Three of these reprints included corrections: 1986, 1987, and 1989.

In February 2002, Oxford University Press published a new and much longer version (what would have been the 40th edition of ''Hart's'') under the title ''The Oxford Guide to Style'' and the editorship of Robert M. Ritter, promoted as "Hart's Rules for the 21st Century". It departed from earlier editions by providing considerably more information about editing style than ''Hart's Rules'' did, but also less about typography.

''The Oxford Style Manual'' (2003) combined in a single volume, of 1033 pages, ''The Oxford Guide to Style'' (2002) and ''The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors'' (2000).

From this version was adapted ''New Hart's Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors'', first published in September 2005. While ''New Hart's Rules'' (''NHR'') rewrites some material from the 2002/2003 version, it also abridged some, to fit into its small format.

''The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors'', also compiled by Ritter, had been available since 2000 as a separate companion volume to ''Hart's'', in line with the eleven editions of the dictionary's famous predecessor, the ''Authors' and Printers' Dictionary'' by Frederick Howard Collins (first published in 1905 and renamed in 1983). A freshly compiled successor, published in 2005, returned to the "traditional small handbook form", matching ''New Hart's Rules'', and is titled ''The New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors''. It is intended for "people who work with words—authors, copy-editors, proofreaders, students writing essays and dissertations, journalists, people writing reports or other documents, and website editors."Preface, ''New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors'', OUP (2005). This edition was reprinted with a new cover in 2014, to match a make-over of various Oxford reference publications. It is distinct from the similarly titled '' ewOxford Dictionary for Scientific Writers and Editors'' (originally 1991; currently 2nd edition, 2009), a companion volume of technical terminology not included in any of the compilation editions.

In 2012, Oxford University Press published a new combined edition, ''New Oxford Style Manual''. It includes ''New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors'' and ''New Hart's Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors'', both from 2005.

A second edition of ''NHR'', under the full title ''New Hart's Rules: The Oxford Style Guide'', was published in October 2014, under new editor Anne Waddingham. It added over 40 pages of material, and has a cover matching the style of the 2014 printing of the ''Dictionary for Writers and Editors''. Another combined edition, again titled ''New Oxford Style Manual'' (3rd edition, ), was released in May 2016, with the content of the 2014 editions of ''New Hart's Rules'' and ''New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors'', and matching their cover style. ''New Oxford Dictionary for Scientific Writers and Editors'' (2009) remains a separate volume.

See also

* ''Fowler's Modern English Usage''
* ''The King's English''
* '' Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities'' (OSCOLA), often called ''Oxford style'' or ''Oxford style guide''.

References

* ''The Oxford Manual of Style'' (OUP, 2001) Introduction
* ''The Meaning of Everything'' (OUP, 2003)
* {{cite book , last=Hart , first=Horace , author-link=Horace Hart , year=1905 , title=Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford , edition=19th , url=https://archive.org/details/rulesforcomposi00bradgoog , access-date=26 September 2012

External links

''New Hart's Rules''
– sales specification at the OUP

''New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors: The Essential A–Z Guide to the Written Word''
– sales specification at the OUP

1893 non-fiction books
Academic style guides
Oxford University Press books
Style guides for British English