Haplogroup V is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is believed to have originated over 14,000 years ago in the

Near East The ''Near East''; he, המזרח הקרוב; arc, ܕܢܚܐ ܩܪܒ; fa, خاور نزدیک, Xāvar-e nazdik; tr, Yakın Doğu is a geographical term which roughly encompasses a transcontinental region in Western Asia, that was once the hist ...

Origin

Haplogroup V derives from the HV0a subclade of haplogroup HV. In 1998 it was argued that V spread over Europe from an Ice Age refuge in

Iberia The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese language, Aragonese and Occitan language, Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a pe ...

. However more recent estimates of the date of V would place it in the

Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several pa ...

Distribution

Haplogroup V is a relatively rare mtDNA haplogroup, occurring in around 4% of native Europeans. Its highest concentration is among the

Saami The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI, pronounced "Sammy") is an association of American manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components. SAAMI is an accredited standards developer that publishes several America ...

people of northern

Fennoscandia __NOTOC__ Fennoscandia ( Finnish, Swedish and no, Fennoskandia, nocat=1; russian: Фенноскандия, Fennoskandiya) or the Fennoscandian Peninsula is the geographical peninsula in Europe, which includes the Scandinavian and Kola penin ...

(~59%). It has been found at a frequency of approximately 10% among the Maris of the Volga-Ural region, leading to the suggestion that this region might be the source of the V among the Saami. Haplogroup V has been observed at higher than average levels among

Cantabrian people The Cantabrians ( Cantabrian and es, cántabros) are an ethnic group who inhabit the autonomous community of Cantabria, in northern Spain."Even today, Cantabrians (the Pasiego included, Lebaniegos excluded), at the North of Spain, seem to be a ...

(15%) of northern

, and among the adjacent

Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

(10.4%). Haplogroup V is also found in parts of

Northwest Africa The Maghreb (; ar, الْمَغْرِب, al-Maghrib, lit=the west), also known as the Arab Maghreb ( ar, المغرب العربي) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of North Africa and the Arab world. The region includes Algeria, ...

. It is mainly concentrated among the

Tuareg The Tuareg people (; also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym: ''Imuhaɣ/Imušaɣ/Imašeɣăn/Imajeɣăn'') are a large Berber ethnic group that principally inhabit the Sahara in a vast area stretching from far southwestern Libya to southern Al ...

inhabiting the

Gorom-Gorom Gorom-Gorom is a town in northern Burkina Faso. Its name translates as "''you sit down, (and) we'll sit down''", reminiscent of its role as an important crossroads in the Sahel. It is the capital of Oudalan Province. Known for its market and man ...

area in

Burkina Faso Burkina Faso (, ; , ff, 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮, italic=no) is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of , bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana t ...

(21%), Sahrawi in the

Western Sahara Western Sahara ( '; ; ) is a disputed territory on the northwest coast and in the Maghreb region of North and West Africa. About 20% of the territory is controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), while the ...

(17.9%), and

Berbers , image = File:Berber_flag.svg , caption = The Berber ethnic flag , population = 36 million , region1 = Morocco , pop1 = 14 million to 18 million , region2 = Algeria , pop2 ...

Matmata, Tunisia Matmata ( ar, مطماطة '; Berber: ⵎⴰⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰ) is a small Berber speaking town in southern Tunisia. Some of the local Berber residents live in traditional underground " troglodyte" structures. In 2004 it had a population of 2,1 ...

(16.3%). The rare V7a subclade occurs among

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

ns in

Oran Oran ( ar, وَهران, Wahrān) is a major coastal city located in the north-west of Algeria. It is considered the second most important city of Algeria after the capital Algiers, due to its population and commercial, industrial, and cultural ...

(1.08%) and Reguibate Sahrawi (1.85%).
S5 Table
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Ancient DNA

MtDNA haplogroup V has been reported in Neolithic remains of the

Linear Pottery culture The Linear Pottery culture (LBK) is a major archaeological horizon of the European Neolithic period, flourishing . Derived from the German ''Linearbandkeramik'', it is also known as the Linear Band Ware, Linear Ware, Linear Ceramics or Inc ...

at Halberstadt, Germany c. 5000 BC and Derenburg Meerenstieg, Germany c. 4910 BC. Haplogroup V7 was found in representative

Maykop culture The Maykop culture (, , scientific transliteration: ''Majkop,''), c. 3700 BC– 3000 BC, was a major Bronze Age archaeological culture in the western Caucasus region. It extends along the area from the Taman Peninsula at the Kerch Strait to ...

samples in the excavations conducted by

Alexei Rezepkin Alexei Rezepkin (russian: Алексей Дмитриевич Резепкин; born 25 March 1949) is a Russian archaeologist who made some significant archeological discoveries. He is a senior researcher at the Institute of History of Material ...

. Haplogroup V has been detected in representatives Trypil'ska and Unetice culture. Haplogroup V has also been found among

Iberomaurusian The Iberomaurusian is a backed bladelet lithic industry found near the coasts of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It is also known from a single major site in Libya, the Haua Fteah, where the industry is locally known as the Eastern Oranian.The " ...

specimens dating from the

Epipaleolithic In archaeology, the Epipalaeolithic or Epipaleolithic (sometimes Epi-paleolithic etc.) is a period occurring between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic during the Stone Age. Mesolithic also falls between these two periods, and the two are somet ...

at the Taforalt prehistoric site 14,000 years BP. Haplogroup V has also been found among Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture specimens dating from the Bronze Age from Western Hungary https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478968v1.full.pdf

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup V subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser ''Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation'' and subsequent published research. *V **V1 ***V1a found mostly from central to northeast Europe ****V1a1 found in Scandinavia (including Lapland), Finland and Baltic countries ****V1a2 found in Bronze Age Poland ***V1b **V2 found in the British Isles ***V2a found in Ireland ****V2a1 *****V2a1a ***V2b found in England ****V2b1 ***V2c found in England **V3 found in northwest Europe / found in Late Neolithic Hungary (Bell Beaker) ****V3b ****V3c found in northern, central and eastern Europe **V4 found in France **V5 found in Lapland **V6 found in northwest Europe **V7 ***V7a found mostly in Slavic countries, but also in Scandinavia, Germany and France ***V7b found in eastern Europe and France **V8 found in North Europe **V9 ***V9a found in the British Isles ****V9a1 ****V9a2 **V10 found in the British Isles, northwest France and Sweden / found in Bell Beaker Scotland ***V10a ***V10b found in EBA England **V11 **V12 found in Germany **V14 found in Poland and Iberia **V15 found in England, Norway and Armenia ***V15a **V16 found in Britain, Germany and Denmark **V17 found in England / found in Late Neolithic France **V18 found in the Netherlands, Germany and Italy **V19 **V20 found in Norway **V21 **V22 **V23 **V24 **V25 found in South Europe **V26 **V27 **V28 **V29 **V30 **V31 **V32 **V33 **V34 **V35 **V36 **V37 **V38 **V39 **V40 **V41 **V42 **V43 **V44 **V45 **V46 **V47 **V48 **V49 **V50 **V51 **V52 **V53 **V54 **V55 **V56 **V57 **V58 **V59 **V60 **V61 **V62 **V63 **V64 **V65 **V66 **V67 **V68 **V69 **V70 **V71 **V72 **V73 **V74 **V75 **V76 **V77 **V78

References

{{Reflist

External links