Haplogroup E-M75 is a
human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of ...
. Along with
haplogroup E-P147, it is one of the two main branches of the older
haplogroup E-M96
Haplogroup E-M96 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is one of the two main branches of the older and ancestral haplogroup DE, the other main branch being haplogroup D. The E-M96 clade is divided into two main subclades: the more common ...
.
Distribution
Sorted frequency table of E-M75+ populations. Note that a "?" specifies that the sublineage of E-M75 was either untested for or unreported in the relevant study.
Subclades
Paragroup E-M75
Haplogroup E-M75(xM41,M54) has been found in 6% (1/18) of a sample of
Dama from Namibia,
4% (1/26) of a sample of
Ganda from Uganda,
3% (1/39) of a sample of
Mandinka from Gambia/Senegal,
and 2% (1/49) of a sample of
Shona
Shona often refers to:
* Shona people, a Southern African people
* Shona language, a Bantu language spoken by Shona people today
Shona may also refer to:
* ''Shona'' (album), 1994 album by New Zealand singer Shona Laing
* Shona (given name)
* S ...
from Zimbabwe.
E-M41
Haplogroup E-M41 has been found mainly in populations of the
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lak ...
and
Upper Nile regions of
Central-
East
East or Orient is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth.
Etymology
As in other languages, the word is formed from the fac ...
Africa, including 67% (6/9) of a sample of
Alur from the DRC,
39% (7/18) of a sample of
Hema from the DRC,
17% (15/88) of a sample from Ethiopia,
8% (2/26) of a sample of
Ganda from Uganda,
5% (2/40) of a sample from Sudan,
4% (3/69) of a sample of
Hutu
The Hutu (), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic or social group which is native to the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where they form one of the p ...
from Rwanda,
3% (1/29) of a sample of
Bantus from Kenya,
and 2% (1/43) of a sample of
Iraqw from Tanzania.
E-M54
Haplogroup E-M54 has been found in 28% (22/80) of a sample of
Xhosa
Xhosa may refer to:
* Xhosa people, a nation, and ethnic group, who live in south-central and southeasterly region of South Africa
* Xhosa language, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa, principally spoken by the Xhosa people
See als ...
from South Africa,
27% (10/37) of a sample of
Rimaibe from Burkina Faso,
22% (4/18) of a sample of
Daba from northern Cameroon,
21% (6/29) of a sample of
Zulu from South Africa,
15% (8/53) of a sample of non-Khoisan Southern Africans,
14% (4/29) of a sample of
Bantus from Kenya,
14% of a sample of
Comorian Shirazi,
11% (1/9) of a small sample of speakers of
Central Sudanic and
Saharan languages from northern Cameroon,
9% (3/35) of a sample of
Malagasy from Madagascar,
8% (3/37) of a sample from Central Africa,
7% (2/28) of a sample of Mandara from northern Cameroon,
6% (2/31) of a sample of
Ngumba from southern Cameroon,
6% (4/64) of a sample of !Kung from South Africa,
6% (1/18) of a sample of Dama from Namibia,
5% (5/100) of a sample of
Fon from Benin,
5% (1/22) of a sample of
Ambo from Namibia,
4% (3/69) of a sample of
Hutu
The Hutu (), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic or social group which is native to the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where they form one of the p ...
from Rwanda,
4% (4/94) of a sample of
Tutsi
The Tutsi (), or Abatutsi (), are an ethnic group of the African Great Lakes region. They are a Bantu-speaking ethnic group and the second largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi (the other two being the largest Bantu ethnic ...
from Rwanda,
4% (2/47) of a sample of
Mbuti
The Mbuti people, or Bambuti, are one of several indigenous pygmy groups in the Congo region of Africa. Their languages are Central Sudanic languages and Bantu languages.
Subgroups
Bambuti are pygmy hunter-gatherers, and are one of the old ...
from the DRC,
4% (1/26) of a sample of Ganda from Uganda,
4% (1/26) of a sample of Khwe from South Africa,
4% (1/28) of a sample of Sotho-Tswana from South Africa,
3% (1/33) of a sample of Bakola from southern Cameroon,
3% (1/34) of a sample of
Wolof from Gambia/Senegal,
3% (2/72) of a sample from Qatar,
2% (1/42) of a sample of Kikuyu and Kamba from Kenya,
2% (1/55) of a sample of
Dogon
Dogon may refer to:
*Dogon people, an ethnic group living in the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa
*Dogon languages, a small, close-knit language family spoken by the Dogon people of Mali
*'' Dogon A.D.'', an album by saxophonist Juliu ...
from Mali,
and approximately 2% of a sample of 121 Arabs from Oman.
It has been suggested that haplogroup E-M85 Y-chromosomes have spread through Sub-Saharan Africa quite recently based on the fact that Y-STR microsatellite haplotypes associated with these chromosomes show a low degree of differentiation throughout their broad geographic range. Furthermore, the mean variance of STR alleles of E-M85 chromosomes is higher in Central-Western Africans than in the Southern African Khoisan, leading researchers to propose that E-M85 might have been involved in the range expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples from Central-Western Africa toward Southern Africa.
E-M98*
E-M98(xM85) has been found in 4% (2/49) of a sample of
Mossi from Burkina Faso.
=E-M200
=
E-M200 has been found in 25% (3/12) of a small sample of
Mbuti
The Mbuti people, or Bambuti, are one of several indigenous pygmy groups in the Congo region of Africa. Their languages are Central Sudanic languages and Bantu languages.
Subgroups
Bambuti are pygmy hunter-gatherers, and are one of the old ...
from the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
.
According to Figure 4 of Cruciani (2002), all three Bambuti who exhibit the M200 mutation share an identical microsatellite haplotype based on seven STR loci with one another and with some E-M85(xM200)
Khoisan (!Kung and/or Khwe) individuals from South Africa.
Phylogenetics
Phylogenetic history
Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being, above all, timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.
Research publications
The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.
Phylogenetic trees
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree
and subsequent published research.
*E-M75 (M75, P68)
**E-M41 (M41/P210)
**E-M98 (M98)
***E-M54 (M54, M90)
****E-M85 (M85)
*****E-M200 (M200)
******E-P45 (P45)
******E-P258 (P258)
See also
Genetics
Y-DNA E subclades
Y-DNA backbone tree
References
Sources for conversion tables
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Additional sources
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{{Refend
External links
Y-DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2008
E
ca:Haplogrup E del cromosoma Y humà
de:Haplogruppe E (Y-DNA)
es:Haplogrupo E ADN-Y
fr:Haplogroupe E (Y-ADN)