Hans Hass (23 January 1919 – 16 June 2013) was an Austrian biologist and

underwater diving Underwater diving, as a human activity, is the practice of descending below the water's surface to interact with the environment. It is also often referred to as diving, an ambiguous term with several possible meanings, depending on contex ...

pioneer. He was known mainly for being among the first scientists to popularise

coral reefs A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. ...

, stingrays, octopuses and

sharks Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimorp ...

. He pioneered the making of documentaries filmed underwater and led the development of a type of

rebreather A rebreather is a breathing apparatus that absorbs the carbon dioxide of a user's exhaled breath to permit the rebreathing (recycling) of the substantially unused oxygen content, and unused inert content when present, of each breath. Oxygen i ...

. He is also known for his energon theory and his commitment to protecting the environment.

Early years

Hass was born in Vienna; his father was an attorney and Hass initially pursued law. However, Hass had a formative encounter with the American diver Guy Gilpatric while on a

Riviera ''Riviera'' () is an Italian word which means "coastline", ultimately derived from Latin , through Ligurian . It came to be applied as a proper name to the coast of Liguria, in the form ''Riviera ligure'', then shortened in English. The two area ...

holiday in 1938 which included underwater hunting and photography. After making expeditions to the

Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea ( es, Mar Caribe; french: Mer des Caraïbes; ht, Lanmè Karayib; jam, Kiaribiyan Sii; nl, Caraïbische Zee; pap, Laman Karibe) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexic ...

and writing his first professional articles in 1938-39, in 1940 Hass switched from reading

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

to studying

zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, an ...

and graduated with a Ph.D. from the

University of Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (german: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a German public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative ...

in 1943 at the Faculty of Biology. His thesis was the first scientific research project that used an autonomous rebreather diving equipment. In his early diving he used

s, which he had made for him by the German diving gear makers

Dräger Dräger or Draeger may refer to * Dräger (surname) * Dräger (company), a German company which makes breathing and protection equipment, gas detection and analysis systems, and noninvasive patient monitoring technologies. *Mount Draeger Mount ...

: he had these sets made with the breathing bag on his back, as he did not like the bag-on-chest "

frogman A frogman is someone who is trained in scuba diving or swimming underwater in a tactical capacity that includes military, and in some European countries, police work. Such personnel are also known by the more formal names of combat diver, com ...

look". Hass and his team of researchers logged over 2000 dives utilising oxygen rebreathers from 1942 to 1953. Although Don Stewart, one of the first scuba operators on the Caribbean island of

Bonaire Bonaire (; , ; pap, Boneiru, , almost pronounced ) is a Dutch island in the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. Its capital is the port of Kralendijk, on the west ( leeward) coast of the island. Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao form the ABC ...

, blames Hass for single-handedly hunting the

Atlantic goliath grouper The Atlantic goliath grouper or itajara (''Epinephelus itajara''), formerly known as the jewfish, is a saltwater fish of the grouper family and one of the largest species of bony fish. The species can be found in the west ranging from northeaste ...

to local extinction in a book by Callum Roberts, the author clearly refutes that claim later in the same paragraph.

Wartime period

Hass published "Diving to Adventure," his first book of underwater photographs, in 1939 and some credit him with developing one of the first underwater cameras. Hass completed his first underwater film called ''Pirsch unter Wasser'' (''Stalking under Water'') in 1940. It was published by the

Universum Film AG UFA GmbH, shortened to UFA (), is a film and television production company that unites all production activities of the media conglomerate Bertelsmann in Germany. Its name derives from Universum-Film Aktiengesellschaft (normally abbreviated as ...

, originally lasting only 16 minutes and was shown in cinemas before the main film, but would eventually be extended by additional filming done in the

Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to th ...

close to

Dubrovnik Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranea ...

. Hass moved from Vienna to

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...

in 1941, where he founded the tax privileged society ''Expedition für biologische Meereskunde'' (''Expedition for biological oceanography''). Hass was excused from serving in the German military during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

because of poor circulation in his feet caused by Raynaud's disease. From the proceeds of his hundreds of lectures, Hass was able to buy the sailing ship ''Seeteufel'' in 1942. However, he was not able to use the ship for his planned expedition because the ship was in the harbour of

Stettin Szczecin (, , german: Stettin ; sv, Stettin ; Latin: ''Sedinum'' or ''Stetinum'') is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major s ...

and it was not possible to bring it to the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on ...

during the war. Therefore, Hass rented a ship in

Piraeus Piraeus ( ; el, Πειραιάς ; grc, Πειραιεύς ) is a port city within the Athens urban area ("Greater Athens"), in the Attica region of Greece. It is located southwest of Athens' city centre, along the east coast of the Saro ...

and sailed for several months in the

Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea ; tr, Ege Denizi ( Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος: "Egéo Pélagos", Turkish: "Ege Denizi" or "Adalar Denizi") is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans ...

and the

Sea of Crete 300px, Map of the Sea of Crete The Sea of Crete (, ''Kritiko Pelagos''), or Cretan Sea, is a sea, part of the Aegean Sea, located in its southern extremity, with a total surface area of . The sea stretches to the north of the island of Crete, eas ...

in 1942. Before the war, this ship had been owned by the

University of Vienna The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich hi ...

. During this expedition he filmed and took photos underwater. Hass had read the book ''Die Raubfischer in Hellas'' (The Pirate Fishers in Greece) written in 1939 by Werner Helwig. Hass found this group near

Skiathos Skiathos ( el, Σκιάθος, , ; grc, Σκίαθος, ; and ) is a small Greek island in the northwest Aegean Sea. Skiathos is the westernmost island in the Northern Sporades group, east of the Pelion peninsula in Magnesia on the mainland ...

and was able to film their dynamite fishing under water. In spring and summer of 1943, Hass stayed for several months at the

Stazione Zoologica The Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn is a research institute in Naples, Italy, devoted to basic research in biology. Research is largely interdisciplinary involving the fields of evolution, biochemistry, molecular biology, neurobiology, cell bio ...

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adm ...

and

Capri Capri ( , ; ; ) is an island located in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Sorrento Peninsula, on the south side of the Gulf of Naples in the Campania region of Italy. The main town of Capri that is located on the island shares the name. It has be ...

to study and collect

Bryozoa Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about long, they have a special feeding structure called a ...

, aquatic invertebrate animals, for his doctoral thesis in zoology. In February 1944, he completed the thesis to become a

Doctor of Science Doctor of Science ( la, links=no, Scientiae Doctor), usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D., or D.S., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries, "Doctor of Science" is the degree used f ...

. Until the end of the war Hass lived and worked in the film studios of

Babelsberg Babelsberg () is the largest quarter ('' Stadtteil'') of Potsdam, the capital city of the German state of Brandenburg. The affluent neighbourhood named after a small hill on the Havel river is famous for Babelsberg Palace and Park, part of the Pala ...

near Berlin to cut and finish his film about the expedition in the Aegean Sea. This 84 minute underwater film, ''Menschen unter Haien'' (Men among Sharks), was released in 1947. It shows marine life including wrasse, jellyfish, sponges, sea anemones and rays. The highlights of this film include dynamite fishing and interaction of divers with sharks. In Babelsberg he met

Hannelore Schroth Hannelore Emilie Käte Grete Schroth (; 10 January 1922 – 7 July 1987) was a German film, stage, and television actress whose career spanned over five decades. Career Born in Berlin in 1922, she was the daughter of popular stage and film acto ...

, a famous German actress. Hans and Hannelore married in 1945.

Post war activity and fame

In 1945 the ''Seeteufel'' was lost when the

Soviets Soviet people ( rus, сове́тский наро́д, r=sovyétsky naród), or citizens of the USSR ( rus, гра́ждане СССР, grázhdanye SSSR), was an umbrella demonym for the population of the Soviet Union. Nationality policy in ...

captured

Königsberg Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was ...

. In 1947 his film ''Menschen unter Haien'' had its world premiere in Zurich, and his most popular book with a very similar title was released in 1948. As a consequence, he got contracts with Herzog-Film (

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...

) and Sascha-Film (Vienna). He also went on his first expedition with his new research ship named 'Xarifa', which was mostly financed through photo

safari A safari (; ) is an overland journey to observe wild animals, especially in eastern or southern Africa. The so-called "Big Five" game animals of Africa – lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, and Cape buffalo – particularly form an impor ...

s in the

Red Sea The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; ...

and by the BBC. Hass's marriage to

produced a son, Hans Hass, Jr. The marriage ended in 1950 and he married his second wife, Lotte Baierl, that same year. Hass produced 105 commercial films, many featuring himself and his second wife, who was an expert diver. In 1951, Hass's film '' Under the Red Sea'' was awarded the first prize at the

Venice Film Festival The Venice Film Festival or Venice International Film Festival ( it, Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica della Biennale di Venezia, "International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art of the Venice Biennale") is an annual film festival h ...

. After expeditions in

East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historica ...

and

South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;; ...

, his first TV series was developed in 1959, in 1961 for the first time about creatures outside the water. This was followed by behavioural research and the 'energon theory' from 1963 to 1966. From his behavioural research, Hass formed his energon hypothesis, the focus of his work in later years. It posits that the behaviours of all life-forms — human, nonhuman animal and plant — have common origins. Combined with

management Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body. It is the art and science of managing resources of the business. Management includes the activitie ...

strategies, Hass published about commonalities with evolution in 1969. In the 1970s he addressed environmental and commercial themes and was appointed to a

professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who professes". Professo ...

ship by the

. In 1983, he started long term studies and tutorials about predatory instincts in profession. Hass consolidated

marine biology Marine biology is the scientific study of the biology of marine life, organisms in the sea. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifi ...

, behaviour research and management theories under one umbrella. He believed that his energon theory could not be disproved. In 1989, he addressed himself to environmental themes. Krov Menuhin with Prof

After the Australian Prime Minister

Harold Holt Harold Edward Holt (5 August 190817 December 1967) was an Australian politician who served as the 17th prime minister of Australia from 1966 until his presumed death in 1967. He held office as leader of the Liberal Party. Holt was born in ...

disappeared in the waters of

Cheviot Beach Cheviot Beach is a beach near Point Nepean in Victoria, Australia. It was named after the SS ''Cheviot'', which broke up and sank nearby with the loss of 35 lives on 20 October 1887. It was the site of the disappearance of Prime Minister Har ...

Portsea Portsea may refer to: * Portsea, Victoria, a seaside town in Australia * Portsea Island, an island on the south coast of England contained within the city of Portsmouth * Portsea, Portsmouth Portsea Island is a flat and low-lying natural i ...

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

on 17 December 1967, Hass visited

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...

and explored the area where Holt disappeared for his 1971 film documentary ''Das Geheimnis der Cheviot Bay'' (''The Secret of Cheviot Bay''). In an interview with Harry Martin for the ABC's current affairs programme "A.M" Hass said that having observed the underwater conditions of the area with its sharp and jagged rocks, he was convinced that Holt had been trapped in the structure of one of these rocks and his body considerably torn by the nature of the forces of the sea and the sharp rocks. Hass acknowledged a rivalry with the better-known

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

scientist

Jacques Cousteau Jacques-Yves Cousteau, (, also , ; 11 June 191025 June 1997) was a French naval officer, oceanographer, filmmaker and author. He co-invented the first successful Aqua-Lung, open-circuit SCUBA ( self-contained underwater breathing apparatus). T ...

; according to the ''

New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

'' obituary, Hass told historian Tim Ecott that "For Cousteau there exists only Cousteau. He never acknowledged others or corrected the impression that he wasn't the first in diving or

underwater photography Underwater photography is the process of taking photographs while under water. It is usually done while scuba diving, but can be done while diving on surface supply, snorkeling, swimming, from a submersible or remotely operated underwater ...

." Hass died on 16 June 2013 in Vienna. He was 94 and was survived by his wife and daughter Meta.

Lotte Hass Lotte Hass (born Charlotte Hildegard Baierl; 6 November 1928 – 14 January 2015 (age 86)) was an Austrian underwater diver, model and actress. She was the second wife of the Austrian naturalist and diving pioneer Hans Hass (1919–2013), and wor ...

died in January 2015. Hass's son Hans Hass Jr., an actor and composer, committed suicide in 2009. In 2002 the Historical Diving Society established the ''Hans Hass Award'' which is awarded to individuals that display international achievement in underwater science, technology, or arts and literature. Heinke Underwater Swimming Products

Innovation in diving technology

His main innovations in diving technology were: * 1938: New light-weight UW photo camera for ROBOT * 1940: First UW colour photos (Catalina Island, USA) and UW film * 1941: Development of the technique of swim diving for research, industry and sport. * 1944: Construction of a heliox rebreather (prototype) * 1949: New system of deep-sea-film and photography (called 'Bathyopthalm') * 1949: Worldwide patents for a new method of fishing by radio signals (called 'Elektro-Marina')' * 1949: System Hans Hass swim fin designed by Hans Hass and manufactured from 1949 by

Semperit Semperit AG Holding is a manufacturer of industrial polymer and plastic products based in Vienna, Austria. From the middle 20th century, it produced bicycle tires for the Austrian road bicycle sold by Sears & Roebuck, including the classic white ...

of Vienna and from 1951 by Barakuda of Hamburg and Heinke of London. * 1950: UW camera housing 'Leica System Hans Hass' with electronic flash * 1954: UW camera housing ' Rolleimarin System Hans Hass', also as stereo camera * 1955: Co-development and promotion of a UW watch (ENICAR Sherpa) * 1956: New patented design of swim fins (called 'Superfish') * 1973: Construction of a UW habitat (Almeria, Spain) * 1977: Construction of a small submersible together with the German firm BRUKER for deep-sea research, tourism and oil exploration. * 1983: Development and promotion of an innovative decompression computer (called 'Deco-Brain')

Publications

* 4 popular films * about 70 television films * more than 25 books, including: ** 1939: Jagd unter Wasser mit Harpune und Kamera (Hunt under water with harpoon and camera) ** 1941: Unter Korallen und Haien (Among corals and sharks) ** 1942: Fotojagd am Meeresgrund (Photo-hunt at the sea-bottom) ** 1947: Drei Jäger auf dem Meeresgrund (Three hunters on the sea-bottom) ** 1949: Menschen und Haie (Humans and sharks) ** 1952: Manta, Teufel im Roten Meer (Manta, devil in the Red Sea): English version: Manta, Under the Red Sea with Spear and Camera, English translation by James Cleugh, 1952, Rand McNally & Co., Library of Congress Card Cat. No. 53-6152. ** 1954: Ich fotografierte in den 7 Meeren (I photographed in the 7 seas) ** 1957: Wir kommen aus dem Meer (We come from the sea) ** 1958: Fische und Korallen (Fish and corals) ** 1961: Expedition ins Unbekannte (Expedition into the unknown) ** 1968: Wir Menschen. Das Geheimnis unseres Verhaltens (We humans. The secret of our behaviour) ** 1970: Energon: Das verborgene Geheimnis (Energon: The hidden secret) ** 1971: In unberührte Tiefen. Die Bezwingung der tropischen Meere. (Into untouched depths. Conquest of the tropical seas) ** 1972: Vorstoss in die Tiefe. Ein Magazin über Abenteuer bei der Erforschung der Meere. (Raid into the depth. A magazine about adventure while researching the seas) ** 1973: Welt unter Wasser. Der abenteuerliche Vorstoss des Menschen ins Meer. (World under water. The adventurous raid of humans in the sea) ** 1976: Eroberung der Tiefe. Das Meer - seine Geheimnisse, seine Gefahren, seine Erforschung. (Conquest of the deeps. The sea - its secrets, its dangers, its research) ** 1976: Der Hans-Hass-Tauchführer. Das Mittelmeer. Ein Ratgeber für Sporttaucher und Schnorchler. (The Hans Hass dive guide. The

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on ...

. A guide for sport divers and

snorkeller Snorkeling ( British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped breathing tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins. In cooler waters, ...

s.) ** 1977: Der Hai. Legende eines Mörders. (The

shark Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachi ...

. Legend of a killer) ** 1978: Die Schöpfung geht weiter. Station Mensch im Strom des Lebens. (The creation continues. Station of humans in the river of life) ** 1979: Wie der Fisch zum Menschen wurde. Die faszinierende Entwicklungsgeschichte unseres Körpers. (How fish became humans. The fascinating history of the development of our body) ** 1980: Im Roten Meer. Wiederkehr nach 30 Jahren. (In the

. Return after 30 years) ** 1985: Stadt und Lebensqualität. (City and quality of life) ** 1986: Abenteuer unter Wasser. Meine Erlebnisse und Forschungen im Meer. (Adventure under water. My experiences and research in the sea) ** 1987: Der Ball und die Rose (The ball and the rose) ** 1988: Der Hai im Management. Instinkte steuern und kontrollieren. (The shark in management. Steering and controlling instincts) ** 1991: Vorstoss in unbekannte Meere (Push into unknown seas) ** 1994: Die Hyperzeller. Das neue Menschenbild der Evolution. (Hyper-cellular organisms. The new human picture of

evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...

) ** 1996: Aus der Pionierzeit des Tauchens. In unberührte Tiefen. (From the pioneer era of diving. Into untouched depths) ** 2004: Erinnerungen und Abenteuer. (Memories and adventures)

Awards

* First Prize of the Chancellor for the "best movie idea for an Austrian propaganda film" (1949) * Gold Medal of the Photographic Society in Vienna (1950) * Biennale Prize (1951) * The film "Adventure in the Red Sea" received the International Prize for feature-length documentaries at the 2nd Mostra Internazionale del Film Scientifico e del Documentario d'Arte in Venice (1951) * The TV series "Diving to Adventure" is voted "Programme of the Year" by the BBC (1956) * Outstanding Underwater Photographer of the Year of the Underwater Photographic Society (USA, International Underwater Film Festival 1959) *

Oscar Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People * Oscar (given name), an Irish- and English-language name also used in other languages; the article includes the names Oskar, Oskari, Oszkár, Óscar, and other forms. * Oscar (Irish mythology) ...

for extraordinary

for the film ''Under the Caribbean'' (1959) * Honorary Member of the Association of German Sports Divers (1974) * Honorary title of "Professor" awarded by Science Minister Hertha Firnberg (1977) * Honorary Member of the German publishing house Europäische Bildungsgemeinschaft Verlags-GmbH ("European Education Community Publishers Ltd."), Stuttgart (1978) * Science Medal of the City of

Linz Linz ( , ; cs, Linec) is the capital of Upper Austria and third-largest city in Austria. In the north of the country, it is on the Danube south of the Czech border. In 2018, the population was 204,846. In 2009, it was a European Capital ...

(1987) * IADS Lifetime Achievement Award (International Association of Diving Schools, 1989) * Golden Badge of Honour of the Association of German Sports Divers ( VDST, 1994) * Honorary President of the Förderkreis Sporttauchen (Sports Diving Support Group) (1994) * Reg Vallintine Achievement Award for Historical Diving (UK, 1994) * Reaching Out Award (Diving Equipment & Marketing Association, United States; 1997) * Diving Pioneer Trophy of the Historical Diving Society (USA, 1997) * Diving Pioneer Award of the Historical Diving Society (Italy, 1997) *

Austrian Decoration for Science and Art The Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (german: Österreichisches Ehrenzeichen für Wissenschaft und Kunst) is a state decoration of the Republic of Austria and forms part of the Austrian national honours system. History The "Austrian ...

(1997)* * Two

NOGI Awards The NOGI Awards is an award presented annually by the Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences (AUAS) to diving luminaries and is "considered the Oscar of the ocean world." Selection of recipients is based on their record of accomplishments and ...

for Science and Distinguished Service (USA, 1998) * Gold Medal of Honour of

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

(1999) * Honorary President of the PEN Club Liechtenstein (1999) *

Konrad Lorenz Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (; 7 November 1903 – 27 February 1989) was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch. He is often regarde ...

Award for Conservation (1999) * Golden Medal of Honour of the Austrian Federal Guild of Photographers (1999) * DANUBIUS Donauland Sachbuchpreis (Danubia Non-Fiction Prize) (1999) * Goldenes Lot (Gold plumb) award of the Association of German surveyors (1999) * International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame, 2000 * Dieter Plage Lifetime Achievement Award for special achievements in the nature film sector (2001) * Christopher Parsons Award for outstanding achievement in the field of nature films (2004) * Peace Prize for Biology of the "World Association of Private Schools and Universities for Complementary Healing Practices" (2005) * Cayman Islands International Scuba Diving Hall of Fame Award (2006) * Wyland ICON Award (2006) * Beneath the Sea Special Award (2006) * Pannatura Prize for outstanding services in the nature film sector (2006) * Schmitz-Salue Medal awarded by the Friends of Aquazoo-Löbbecke Museum, Düsseldorf (2009) * Elisabeth Mann Borgese marine prize (Schleswig-Holstein, 2009) * DIVA - German Entertainment Prize (2011) * Platinum Romy award for lifetime achievement (2012) * A

cone snail A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines con ...

found in the Philippines was named after him ('' Protoconus hanshassi'') (2012) * A park in Vienna was named "Hans Hass Park" (2018).
Hans-Hass-Park.
'. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

References

External links

Hans-Hass-Institut für Submarine Forschung und Tauchtechnik
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hass, Hans 1919 births 2013 deaths Austrian underwater divers Scientists from Vienna Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art Underwater photographers History of scuba diving Theresian Military Academy alumni