Frederick Charles Hannen Swaffer (1 November 1879 – 16 January 1962) was an English journalist and drama critic. Although his views were left-wing, he worked mostly for right-wing publications, many of them owned by Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, Lord Northcliffe. He was a proponent of spiritualism, and an opponent of capital punishment.

Life and career

Hannen Swaffer was born in Lindfield, West Sussex, Lindfield, Sussex, the eldest of eight children of a Folkestone draper, Henry Joseph Swaffer, and his wife, Kate Eugenie Hannen.Andrews, Linton
"Swaffer, Hannen (1879–1962)"
''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, January 2011 He was educated first at St George's Church of England School in Ramsgate and then at Stroud Green Grammar School, Kent, and joined a local newspaper in Folkestone as an apprentice reporter. His first published article was a review of a performance by George Grossmith at the local town hall. Swaffer's reviews were so vituperative that he was banned from the local theatre, the first of many such bans during his career. While at Folkestone he read Robert Blatchford's book of socialist essays, ''Merrie England (book), Merrie England'', and adopted its left-wing views for the rest of his life."Mr Hannen Swaffer", ''The Times'', 17 January 1962, p. 14 After further experience in provincial journalism, he joined the ''Daily Mail'' in 1902, and worked for its proprietor Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, Alfred Harmsworth (later Lord Northcliffe) for the next seventeen years. Swaffer married Helen Hannah, daughter of John Sitton, a Clapham grocer, in 1904; they had no children. They remained married until her death in 1956, although he left her at intervals for various mistresses. He was editor of Northcliffe's ''Sunday Dispatch, Weekly Dispatch'' and then helped develop the ''Daily Mirror'', originally a paper for women, into a mass-market title. In 1913, he initiated "Mr Gossip" for the ''Daily Sketch''. He also began "Mr London" for ''The Graphic, The Daily Graphic'', and contributed the "Plays and Players" column to ''The Sunday Times''."Swaffer, Hannen"
''Who Was Who'', Oxford University Press, 2014 Swaffer was appointed editor of ''The Sunday People, The People'' in 1924, but was unsuited to the duties of editing a paper, and held the post for only a few months. He became drama critic of the ''Daily Express'' and its sister ''Sunday Express'' in 1926. Later, he said that although he enjoyed the company of actors, he disliked having to watch them acting, and he accused Noël Coward and others of being "non-existent talents".Black, Sheila. "The man who had seen, heard, and done it all", ''The Times'', 28 March 1974, p. 14 Swaffer became interested in spiritualism in the 1930s; it became one of the causes he promoted, along with socialism and the abolition of the death penalty. He claimed that his spiritualist circle had conjured up the ghost of his former employer, Northcliffe, as well as those of other dead celebrities. ''The Guardian, The Manchester Guardian'' commented on Swaffer's "air of self-importance equal to that of George Bernard Shaw, Bernard Shaw himself … he raised professional egotism to a fine art.""'Pope of Fleet Street': Mr Hannen Swaffer", ''The Guardian'', 17 January 1962, p. 2 Described by ''The Times'' as "something of a ''poseur''", he was conspicuous for his flamboyant clothes, and was, according to ''The British Journalism Review'', "remembered for little more than the mixture of dandruff and cigarette ash on his velvet collar, and for defining freedom of the press as 'freedom to print such of the proprietor's prejudices as the advertisers don't object to'.""A matter of honours"
, ''British Journalism Review'', Vol. 16 No. 1, 2005 He claimed to have renounced his early Antisemitism, anti-Semitic views, but it has been said that he remained implacably racist and attempted to have black actors banned from the theatre. On the other hand, a study of the press and the holocaust highlighted his "solitary voice of protest" and outrage in the ''Daily Herald'' against mass pogroms of Jews in Poland. For some years in the 1950s, he wrote a regular column in the then popular Sunday paper ''The People'', headed by an image of his part-profile and trademark hat. Swaffer died in London at the age of eighty-two, having outlived his wife by six years. His books included ''Northcliffe's Return'' (1925), ''Really Behind the Scenes'' (1929), ''Hannen Swaffer's Who's Who'' (1929) and ''Inspiration'' (1929). After the British Press Awards were established in the year of his death, they were, for their first four years, named in his honour."Press Awards winners 1962-1969"
, The Press Awards, retrieved 22 October 2015 A biography of Swaffer by Tom Driberg was published in 1974.

Notes

External links

YORKSGEN-L Archives information

Hannen Swaffer (1879–1962) portraits
in the National Portrait Gallery (London), National Portrait Gallery, London *
Portrait of Hannen Swaffer (1879–1962)
by Laurence Bradshaw, FRBS {{DEFAULTSORT:Swaffer, Hannen 1879 births 1962 deaths British newspaper editors British theatre critics English male journalists English socialists English spiritualists The Sunday People people People from Lindfield, West Sussex