Hallum is a village in the province of

Friesland Friesland (, ; official fry, Fryslân ), historically and traditionally known as Frisia, is a province of the Netherlands located in the country's northern part. It is situated west of Groningen, northwest of Drenthe and Overijssel, north of ...

, the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. It is a village in the municipality of

Noardeast-Fryslân Noardeast-Fryslân is a municipality of Friesland in the northern Netherlands. It was established 1 January 2019 and consists of the former municipalities of Dongeradeel, Ferwerderadiel and Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland, all three of which diss ...

and it had a population of around 2,746 in January 2017. The primary language spoken is West Frisian. Before 2019, the village was part of the

Ferwerderadiel Ferwerderadiel () is a former municipality of Friesland in the northern Netherlands. Its official name is West Frisian, the Dutch name is Ferwerderadeel (). In 2019 it merged with the municipalities of Dongeradeel and Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisla ...

municipality. The monastery was located in Hallum between 1163 and 1578.

History

The village was first mentioned in the 13th century as Hallem. The etymology is unclear. Hallum is a ''

terp A ''terp'', also known as a ''wierde, woerd, warf, warft, werf, werve, wurt'' or ''værft'', is an artificial dwelling mound found on the North European Plain that has been created to provide safe ground during storm surges, high tides an ...

'' (artificial living mound) village with a radial structure which developed several centuries

Before Christ The terms (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The term is Medieval Latin and means 'in the year of the Lord', but is often presented using "our Lord" instead of "the Lord", ...

. During the 11th or 12th century, a

dike Dyke (UK) or dike (US) may refer to: General uses * Dyke (slang), a slang word meaning "lesbian" * Dike (geology), a subvertical sheet-like intrusion of magma or sediment * Dike (mythology), ''Dikē'', the Greek goddess of moral justice * Dikes ...

was built linking the village to

Stiens Stiens is a town in the municipality of Leeuwarden, Netherlands. As of January 2017, the town has a population of about 7,545. Between 1944 and 2018, it was the capital of the municipality of Leeuwarderadeel. History The village was first mentione ...

and

Marrum Marrum is a village in Noardeast-Fryslân municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 1,462 in January 2017. Before 2019, the village was part of the Ferwerderadiel municipality. 2006 horse rescue oper ...

. The former Premonstratensian monastery (Hortus sanctae Mariae) was located about 1 km to the west of Hallum. It was founded in 1163 by

Frederik van Hallum Saint Frederick of Hallum ( West Frisian: Freark fan Hallum) (c. 1113 – March 5, 1175) was a Premonstratensian priest and regular canon, founder and first abbot of Mariengaarde Abbey in Friesland in the Netherlands. He was also the parish pries ...

. Later a nunnery was built in Bartlehiem as an outpost. In 1578, it was destroyed during the

Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...

and in 1580, all possessions were seized by the

States of Friesland The States of Friesland were the sovereign body that governed the province of Friesland under the Dutch Republic. They were formed in 1580 after the former Lordship of Frisia (a part of the Habsburg Netherlands) acceded to the Union of Utrec ...

. The Dutch Reformed church has elements from the 12th century. The medieval tower collapsed in 1804 and was rebuilt between 1805 and 1806. Offinga State was a castle along the coast of the

Middelzee The Middelzee (Dutch for "middle sea"; fry, Middelsee), also called Bordine, was the estuary mouth of the River Boorne (West Frisian: ''Boarn'') now in the Dutch province of Friesland. It ran from as far south as Sneek northward to the Wadden Se ...

and probably dated from the 11th century. In 1566, the van Aebingas swore loyalty to Philip II of Spain and were appointed ''

grietman A grietman (from Old Frisian ''greta'' to accuse, to summon) is partly a forerunner of the current rural mayor in the province of Friesland, and partly the forerunner of a judge. The area of jurisdiction was the municipality or gemeente. In the ...

'' (mayor and judge) of

Menaldumadeel Menameradiel (; nl, Menaldumadeel ) is a former municipality in Friesland, Netherlands. On 1 January 2018 it merged with the municipalities of Franekeradeel, het Bildt and parts of Littenseradiel to form the new municipality Waadhoeke. Populat ...

, but lost possession of the island of

Ameland Ameland (; West Frisian: It Amelân) is a municipality and one of the West Frisian Islands off the north coast of the Netherlands. It consists mostly of sand dunes. It is the third major island of the West Frisians. It neighbours islands Ter ...

to the Camminghas. In 1598, during the Dutch Revolt, the estate was plundered and Schelte van Aebinga was briefly imprisoned. In 1738, the estate was demolished. In 1840, Hallum was home to 1,178 people. There used to be a station on the

North Friesland Railway The Noord-Friesche Locaalspoorweg-Maatschappij (North Friesland Railway) was a railway serving the sparsely populated north of the Dutch province of Friesland. It was operated by the North Friesland Local Railway Company (Dutch: ''Noord-Friesche Lo ...

which opened in 1901 and closed in December 1940. A restored

windmill A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, specifically to mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications, in some ...

used to be located near the village. In 2000 it was moved to

Burgwerd Burgwerd ( fry, Burchwert) is a small village in Súdwest-Fryslân in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 315 in January 2017."Aylvapoldermolen".

Notable people

* Jurjen Bosch (born 1985), professional football player * Barthold Douma van Burmania (1695-1766), statesman and ambassador to the court of Vienna * Marijke Groenewoud (born 1999), long-distance long-track speed skater and inline speed skater *

( 1125–1175), priest and regular canon, founder of Mariëngaarde * Maria Sterk (born 1979), marathon speed skater *

Douwe de Vries Douwe de Vries (born 14 June 1982) is a Dutch former professional marathon speed skater and long track speed skater. He resides in Heerenveen, Friesland. Douwe de Vries, who was a member of the commercial team of LottoNL-Jumbo, is the current ho ...

(born 1982), former professional marathon speed skater and long track speed skater

Gallery

File:Genazarethkloosterpoldermolen.jpg, Windmill ''Genezareth'' File:Hallum, kerk2 foto3 2009-09-19 16.39.JPG, De Hoeksteen File:Mariengaarde.nr1.jpg, Remains of the monastery Mariëngaarde File:Mariengaarde door A Rademaker.png, Drawing of the ruins of Mariëngaarde ( 1725)

References

External links

{{Authority control Noardeast-Fryslân Populated places in Friesland