Hall Island (russian: Остров Галля; Ostrov Gallya) is an island of the Russian Arctic archipelago of

Franz Josef Land Franz Josef Land, Frantz Iosef Land, Franz Joseph Land or Francis Joseph's Land ( rus, Земля́ Фра́нца-Ио́сифа, r=Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa, no, Fridtjof Nansen Land) is a Russian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. It is inhabited on ...

History

Hall Island was discovered on 30 August 1873, by the

Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition The Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition was an Arctic expedition to find the North-East Passage that ran from 1872 to 1874 under the leadership of Julius Payer and Karl Weyprecht. The expedition discovered and partially explored Franz Josef La ...

, and named after American Arctic explorer

Charles Francis Hall Charles Francis Hall ( – November 8, 1871) was an American Arctic explorer, best known for his collection of Inuit testimony regarding the 1845 Franklin Expedition and the suspicious circumstances surrounding his death while leading th ...

. It was the first island of the

Franz Josef Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his ...

group which the expedition discovered and, after the smaller Wilczeck Island, the first major island on which they set foot. A small camp was built at Cape Tegethoff in 1898 by the

Walter Wellman Walter E. Wellman (November 3, 1858 – January 31, 1934) was an American journalist, explorer, and aëronaut. Biographical background Walter Wellman was born in Mentor, Ohio, in 1858. He was the sixth son of Alonzo Wellman and the fourth by ...

expedition. It contains a marker commemorating the discovery of the

archipelago An archipelago ( ), sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands. Examples of archipelagos include: the Indonesian Arc ...

. Cape Tegetthoff was named after the main ship of the Austro-Hungarian explorers, which had been named in honor of Austrian admiral

Wilhelm von Tegetthoff Wilhelm von Tegetthoff (23 December 18277 April 1871) was an Austrian admiral. He commanded the fleet of the North Sea during the Second Schleswig War of 1864, and the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. He is often considered by some Austrian historia ...

Geography

Hall Island is almost completely covered by

glacier A glacier (; ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. It acquires distinguishing features, such as ...

s. Its highest point is and it is the summit of the Kupol Moskvy

ice dome Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. The goal of glacial morphology is to gain a better understanding of glaciated landscapes and the way they are shaped. Ty ...

that covers the central part of the island. Besides the ice dome there is a glacier with its terminus in the southern shore, the Sonklar Glacier. The only relatively large areas free of permanent ice are located in its southern end, where there are two headlands, Cape Tegetthoff, and also Cape Ozernyy, on Littrov Peninsula. There is also a very small unglaciated area around its eastern cape, Mys Frankfurt, and another in its northwestern point, Cape Wiggins. Hall Island's area is and it is one of the largest islands in the group. There is a wide bay on the southeastern side of Hall Island known as Hydrographer Bay and a smaller one west of the Littrov Peninsula called Bukhta Surovaya. Hall Island is located very close to the eastern shores of

McClintock Island MacKlintok Island or McClintock Island (russian: Остров Мак-Клинтока; Ostrov Mak-Klintoka) is an island in Franz Josef Land, Russia. This island is roughly square-shaped and its maximum length is . Its area is and it is largely ...

, separated from it by a narrow sound. To the southeast there is a wider strait separating Hall Island from

Salm Island Salm Island (russian: остров Сальм; ) is a roughly round-shaped island in Franz Josef Land, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Salm Island was named by the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition after the Salm-Hoogstraten aristocratic dynas ...

known in Russian as Proliv Lavrova. The strait to the east is the large Avstriskiy Proliv.

Adjacent minor islands

; Berghaus Island : Located northeast off Hall Island's eastern bay. The island is small but steep and unglacierized, with its highest point at . It is named after German geographer

Heinrich Berghaus Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus (3 May 1797 – 17 February 1884) was a German geographer and cartographer who conducted trigonometric surveys in Prussia and taught geodesy at the Bauakademie in Berlin. He taught cartography and produced a pioneeri ...

. ; Brownian Islands : Comprising three small island off Hall Island's northern shore, this group of islands are named after Russian geographer and meteorologist Peter Ivanovich Brownov. ; Newcomb Island : Located west off Hall island's northwestern cape. The island is oval-shaped and

unglacierized A glacier (; ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. It acquires distinguishing features, such as ...

, with its highest point at . It is named after Canadian-American polymath

Simon Newcomb Simon Newcomb (March 12, 1835 – July 11, 1909) was a Canadian–American astronomer, applied mathematician, and autodidactic polymath. He served as Professor of Mathematics in the United States Navy and at Johns Hopkins University. Born in N ...

. p. 630.

References

{{Authority control Islands of Arkhangelsk Oblast Islands of Franz Josef Land

History

Geography

Adjacent minor islands

See also

References