Haidian District () is a district of the municipality of

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), Chinese postal romanization, alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the Capital city, capital of the China, People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's Li ...

. It is mostly situated in northwestern Beijing, but also to a lesser extent in the west, where it has borders with

Xicheng District Xicheng District () is a district of Beijing. Xicheng District spans , covering the western half of the old city (largely inside the 2nd Ring Road - the eastern half is Dongcheng District), and has 706,691 inhabitants (2000 Census). Its postal ...

and

Fengtai District Fengtai District () is a district of the municipality of Beijing. It lies mostly to the southwest of the city center, extending into the city's southwestern suburbs beyond the Sixth Ring Road, but also to the south and, to a smaller extent, the s ...

. It is 431 square km in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 2,240,124 inhabitants (2000 Census).

Sister cities

Since 1992, Haidian District has signed official papers and established Sister City relationship with 14 cities and districts from 10 countries of 4 continents. Some sister cities are shown below: South America * Santa Fe, Argentina (May 2010) * La Falda, Cordoba, Argentina (10 September 2009) North America *

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

, United States (8 February 2008) *

Harrisburg Harrisburg is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Dauphin County. With a population of 50,135 as of the 2021 census, Harrisburg is the 9th largest city and 15th largest municipality in ...

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

, United States (15 April 1998) Europe *

Savonlinna Savonlinna (, , ; sv, Nyslott, lit=New Castle) is a town and a municipality of inhabitants in the southeast of Finland, in the heart of the Saimaa lake region, which is why the city is also nicknamed the "Capital of Saimaa". Together with Mi ...

, Finland (9 March 2016) * Olympia,

Peloponnesus The Peloponnese (), Peloponnesus (; el, Πελοπόννησος, Pelopónnēsos,(), or Morea is a peninsula and geographic region in southern Greece. It is connected to the central part of the country by the Isthmus of Corinth land bridge wh ...

, Greece (28 February 2008) *

Groningen Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen (province), Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of t ...

, Netherlands (19 October 2004) * Bures-sur-Yvette, Massy, Palaiseau, in

Paris Region Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...

, France (4 October 1994) East Asia *

Seodaemun-gu Seodaemun District (, "Great West Gate") is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. Seodaemun has a population of 313,814 (2010) and has a geographic area of 17.61 km2 (6.8 sq mi), and is divided into 14 '' dong'' (administrative ne ...

Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the Capital city, capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea ...

, South Korea (27 September 1995) *

Nerima is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. The ward refers to itself as Nerima City. , the ward has an estimated population of 721,858, with 323,296 households and a population density of 15,013 persons per km2, while 15,326 foreign residents are ...

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.46 ...

, Japan (13 October 1992)

Administrative division

The administrative division of the district was reported as follows:Harry's World Atlas
/ref> * 22 subdistricts of the city proper of Beijing * 7

towns A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an or ...

of which carry the "area" () label:

History

Haidian was originally a village outside of Beijing's Inner City.University of Texas Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection: A portion of "Originalkarte der Ebene von Peking und des Gebirkslandes im Westen und Norden der Capitale" from Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt uber Wichtige Neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr. A. Petermann. Erganzungsband 10, 1876. It was first built in the

Yuan Dynasty The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fif ...

and became one of the eight major business areas of the capital during the Qing Dynasty and was the seat of such old shops as Lotus White,

Quanjude Quanjude (, ) is a Chinese restaurant known for its Peking roast duck and its longstanding culinary heritage since its establishment in 1864 in Beijing, China. Company profile and branches The restaurant chain sells over 2 million roast ducks ...

and Hongbin House.Beijing Haidian District People's Government (7 December 2007)
Special Shopping Areas in Haidian District
. Accessed 19 October 2008. NB: this page only loads correctly in

Internet Explorer Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Internet Explorer, commonly abbreviated IE or MSIE) is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft which was used in the Windows line of operating systems (in ...

. The famed

Old Summer Palace The Old Summer Palace, also known as Yuanmingyuan () or Yuanmingyuan Park, originally called the Imperial Gardens (), and sometimes called the Winter Palace, was a complex of palaces and gardens in present-day Haidian District, Beijing, China. ...

and Summer Palace, two grand imperial gardens are also among its reputed features. It became a university district after the building of the

Tsinghua University Tsinghua University (; abbr. THU) is a national public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education. The university is a member of the C9 League, Double First Class University Plan, Projec ...

and

Yenching University Yenching University (), was a university in Beijing, China, that was formed out of the merger of four Christian colleges between the years 1915 and 1920. The term "Yenching" comes from an alternative name for old Beijing, derived from its statu ...

campus in the early twentieth century. It is mentioned in Lao She's novel Camel Xiangzi as an academic village for students. After the foundation of the People's Republic, it was deliberately developed as a university area, with many of the

Yan'an Yan'an (; ), alternatively spelled as Yenan is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west. It administers several counties, including Zhidan (formerly Bao'an) ...

institutions moving there. It officially became an administrative district in June 1954. Since the reform and opening up, it has become the centre of China's IT industry. In the words of ''Time'' magazine: During the later half of the 1990s, out of the Beijing districts, Haidian had the highest per capita GDP. During that period the GDP of Haidian (1) District grew by double digits each year.Wang, Wenfei, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan.
Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing

Archive
. '' Eurasian Geography and Economics'', 2002, 43, No. 2, pp. 104-122. Cited page: p. 117.

Transportation

The northwestern stretches of the 3rd Ring Road,

4th Ring Road The 4th Ring Road () is a controlled-access expressway ring road in Beijing, China which runs around the city, with a radius of approximately from city centre. The total length of the road is . There are 147 bridges and viaducts that run the l ...

, 5th Ring Road and

6th Ring Road The 6th Ring Road () is an expressway ring road in Beijing, China which runs around the city approximately from the center of the city. The 6th Ring Road is approximately long. The road is numbered G4501 and as such is strictly speaking co ...

all run through the area.

Metro & light rail

Haidian is currently served by ten metro lines of the

Beijing Subway The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 25 lines including 20 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links, one maglev line and 2 light rail lines, and 463 stations. The rail network extends ...

and one light rail line: * - Yuquanlu, Wukesong, Wanshoulu, Gongzhufen, Military Museum * - Anheqiao North, Beigongmen, Xiyuan , Yuanmingyuan Park, East Gate of Peking University,

Zhongguancun Zhongguancun () is a major technology hub in Haidian District, Beijing, China. Zhongguancun occupies a band between the northwestern Third Ring Road and the northwestern Fourth Ring Road, in the northwestern part of Beijing. Zhongguancun is ...

, Haidianhuangzhuang ,

Renmin University The Renmin University of China (RUC; ) is a national key public research university in Beijing, China. The university is affiliated to the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. R ...

, Weigongcun,

National Library A national library is a library established by a government as a country's preeminent repository of information. Unlike public libraries, these rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant wo ...

* - Liaogongzhuang, Tiancun, Haidian Wuluju, Cishousi , Huayuanqiao, Baishiqiao South * - Yuxin, Xixiaokou, Yongtaizhuang * -

, Baishiqiao South , Baiduizi, Military Museum * - Lianhuaqiao, Gongzhufen , Xidiaoyutai, Cishousi , Chedaogou, Changchunqiao, Huoqiying, Bagou , Suzhoujie, Haidianhuangzhuang , Zhichunli, Zhichunlu , Xitucheng, Mudanyuan, Jiandemen * - Dazhongsi, Zhichunlu , Wudaokou, Shangdi, Xi'erqi * - Qinghuadongluxikou, Liudaokou, Beishatan * - Beianhe, Wenyanglu, Daoxianghulu, Tundian, Yongfeng, Yongfeng South,

Xibeiwang Xibeiwang Area () is an area and a town on the northeast of Haidian District, Beijing, China. It borders Shigezhuang Subdistrict, Shahe and Shangzhuang Towns to its north, Huilongguan, Qinghe, Shangdi and Malianwa Subdistricts to its east, Q ...

, Malianwa, Nongdananlu, Xiyuan * - Xi'erqi * -

Fragrant Hills Fragrant Hills or Xiangshan Park is a public park and former imperial garden at the foot of the Western Hills in the Haidian District, Beijing, China. It was also formerly known as Jingyi Garden or "Jingyiyuan" (靜宜園). It covers and cons ...

Botanical Garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...

, Wan'an, West Gate of Summer Palace, Bagou Station

Suburban Railway

Haidian is served by one commuter line operated by

Beijing Suburban Railway BCR (''Beijing City Rail'') also known as Beijing Suburban Railway is a commuter rail service that connects urban Beijing with outlying districts beyond the reach of the city's Beijing Subway network. The suburban rail services run on existin ...

(BCR). *

Qinghe railway station Qinghe railway station () is a railway station in Beijing. The old station began its construction in 1905 and opened in 1906. The station closed on October 31, 2016, to be rebuilt into a new high-speed railway station on the Beijing-Baotou Pas ...

Government and infrastructure

Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center Entrance

The

China National Space Administration China National Space Administration (CNSA; ) is the government agency of the People's Republic of China that is responsible for civil space administration and international space cooperation, including organizing or leading foreign exchanges ...

has its headquarters in the district. The

Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center (), formerly known as Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center (; BACCC or BACC), is a command center for the Chinese space program which includes the Shenzhou missions, and is located in a suburb nor ...

which serves as the central command center for the Chinese space program is also located in the district. The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) has its headquarters in

. The People's Liberation Army Military Music Hall is located in the district. The Ministry of State Security has facilities operating in the district.

Economy

In 2017, the regional GDP was 592.48 billion yuan, with a GDP per capita at 170.8 thousand yuan (25293 US dollars). A central part of Haidian's economy, the

electronics district, hosts the Beijing offices of many software and computer-technology companies. * Baidu has its headquarters in the Baidu Campus. *

Sohu Sohu, Inc. () is a Chinese Internet company headquartered in the Sohu Internet Plaza in Haidian District, Beijing. Sohu and its subsidiaries offer advertising, a search engine (Sogou.com), on-line multiplayer gaming (ChangYou.com) and other se ...

has its headquarters in the Sohu.com Internet Plaza. * Sinosteel's headquarters are in the Sinosteel Plaza () in Haidian District. *

Youku Youku Tudou Inc. (formerly Youku Inc.), doing business as Youku (), is a video hosting service based in Beijing, China. It operates as a subsidiary of Alibaba Group Holding Limited. Youku has its headquarters in the Sinosteel Plaza in Haid ...

has its headquarters on the fifth floor of Sinosteel Plaza. *

Wumart Wumart Stores, Inc. doing business as Wumart, (; Chinese for "good product") is a Chinese retail company with its headquarters in Haidian District, Beijing. Wumart was founded in 1994 by Zhang Wenzhong, Wumart Group is one of the earliest and b ...

has its headquarters in the Wumart Commercial Building () in Haidian District. * aigo's head office is in the Ideal Plaza () in the Haidian District. * China Postal Airlines has its headquarters on the 11th through 14th floors of the Ziyu Office Building () in Haidian District. * Sinovac Biotech * The Beijing Civil Aircraft Technology Research Center of COMAC () has its offices on the 8th floor of the Beijing Olympic Building () in Haidian District. *

Xiaomi Corporation (; ), commonly known as Xiaomi and registered as Xiaomi Inc., is a Chinese designer and manufacturer of consumer electronics and related software, home appliances, and household items. Behind Samsung, it is the second largest ...

has its headquarters in the Office Building of Huarun Wucai City (). * Nuctech. * New Oriental *

Google Google LLC () is an American Multinational corporation, multinational technology company focusing on Search Engine, search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, software, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, ar ...

has its Beijing office in Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6 * Everbright International has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in

. *

ByteDance ByteDance Ltd. () is a Chinese internet technology company headquartered in Beijing and incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Founded by Zhang Yiming, Liang Rubo and a team of others in 2012, ByteDance developed the video-sharing social networkin ...

(developer of

Douyin TikTok, known in China as Douyin (), is a short-form video hosting service owned by the Chinese company ByteDance. It hosts user-submitted videos, which can range in duration from 15 seconds to 10 minutes. TikTok is an international version ...

TikTok TikTok, known in China as Douyin (), is a short-form video hosting service owned by the Chinese company ByteDance. It hosts user-submitted videos, which can range in duration from 15 seconds to 10 minutes. TikTok is an international version o ...

) has its global headquarters on Zhichun Road (知春路), Haidian District. *

Lenovo Lenovo Group Limited, often shortened to Lenovo ( , ), is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in designing, manufacturing, and marketing consumer electronics, personal computers, software, business solutions, and related se ...

has its global headquarters in Lenovo Campus, Haidian District. * Grab has its Beijing office in Raycom Infotech Park.

Education

Higher education

Institutions of higher education in Haidian include: * Beihang University (formerly Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) *

Beijing Film Academy Beijing Film Academy (BFA; ) is a coeducational state-run higher education institution in Beijing, China. The film school is the largest institution specializing in the tertiary education for film and television production in Asia. The academy ...

Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU; ), is a public university in Beijing, China. BFSU boasts the oldest language programs in China offering the largest number of foreign language majors on different educational levels. Located in Haidia ...

* Beijing Forestry University * Beijing Institute of Technology *

Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Jiaotong University (Chinese: 北京交通大学), formerly Northern Jiaotong University, is one of the oldest public universities in mainland China. The main campus is located in the Haidian District in central Beijing. Its coordinates ...

* Beijing Language and Culture University *

Beijing Normal University Beijing Normal University (BNU, ), colloquially known as Beishida (), is a public research university located in Beijing, China, with a strong emphasis on humanities and sciences. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China ...

Beijing Sport University Beijing Sport University (BSU) (), formerly known as "Central Institute of Physical Education" () and "Beijing Institute of Physical Education" (), is a nation-level public university located in Beijing, China. It is one of the National Key Univ ...

* Capital Normal University *

China Agricultural University China Agricultural University (CAU, ; abbreviated as 农大) is a public research university in Beijing, People's Republic of China specializing in agriculture, biology, engineering, veterinary medicine, economics, management, humanities ...

* China University of Geosciences Beijing *

China University of Political Science and Law China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL; simplified Chinese: 中国政法大学; traditional Chinese: 中國政法大學; pinyin: ''Zhōngguó Zhèngfǎ Dàxué'', abbr. 法大, ''Fǎ Dà'') is a research university established in 1952 ...

* Minzu University of China (formerly Central University for Nationalities) *

Peking University Peking University (PKU; ) is a public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education. Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its royal charte ...

* Renmin University of China *

* University of International Relations * University of Science and Technology Beijing

Primary and secondary education

The Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (), the local education authority, has its headquarters in the Beijing Olympic Building. Institutions of secondary education *

Beijing Bayi School Beijing Bayi School (), also known as the August 1st School, is a public elementary through high school with three campuses in Haidian District, Beijing. Tetsushi Takahashi of ''Nikkei Shimbun'' wrote that Beijing Bayi School is "prestigious". ...

* Beijing 101 Middle School * Affiliated High School of Peking University *

The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China The High School Affiliated to Renmin University Of China (), known colloquially as Rendafuzhong (RDFZ), is the high school affiliated with Renmin University of China. RDFZ is situated in the Haidian District of Beijing, within the Zhongguancun ...

Tsinghua University High School Tsinghua University High School (), or Tsinghua High School for short (), is a high school in China, located in Beijing. Based on its current status, a more precise translation should be 'The secondary school affiliated to Tsinghua University'. I ...

Private schools include: * Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School (elementary through senior high school) ** Beijing Haidian International School *

Saint Paul American School Saint Paul American School Beijing (SPAS; ) is a defunct private English-language boarding school (''de facto'' education program and part of the Second High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, or SHSBNU) in Haidian District, Beijing ...

Communities

* Wudaokou * Madian *

Xinjiangcun Xinjiangcun () or Xinjiang Village was an ethnic enclave of Uyghur people in the Ganjiakou and Weigongcun areas in Haidian District, Beijing. The Beijing government demolished the settlement in 1999. It is in proximity to a historical Uyghur enc ...

(demolished)

Important areas in Haidian District

( Yuanmingyuan Park) * Summer Palace (Yiheyuan) *

(Xiangshan or Jingyi Palace) * Beijing Botanical Garden (Beijing Zhiwuyuan) *

Jade Spring Hill Jade Spring Hill () is located to the west of the Summer Palace in Beijing, China. It was also formerly known as Jingming Palace (景明宫, "Jǐngmíng gōng"). It contains an imperial garden, the Jingming Garden and is named after the Jade Spr ...

(Yuquanshan or Jingming Palace) * Haidian Park * Pagoda at the Wuta Temple *

Purple Bamboo Park Purple Bamboo Park (Chinese: 紫竹院公园; pinyin: Zǐ Zhú Yuàn Gōngyuán; also called Zizhuyuan Park or Black Bamboo Park) is one of the seven largest parks in Beijing, China. It is located in the Haidian District of northwestern Beijin ...

(Zizhuyuan) *

Yuyuantan Park Yuyuantan Park (, zh, 玉渊潭公园) is one of major urban parks in the city of Beijing. This park covers a territory of about , 61 of which are covered by water. Yuyuantan is the largest water body in the park, and it literally means the Jad ...

* Diaoyutai State Guesthouse * Baidu headquarters *

headquarters * Sinosteel Plaza *

headquarters *

Haidian Christian Church Haidian Christian Church () is a church located in Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing. It is operated by the Three-Self Patriotic Movement, a state-registered Protestant Church in Mainland China. History The church was founded in 1933. The ...

Sports

The Chinese Ice Hockey Association, which governs

ice hockey Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice ...

and

bandy Bandy is a winter sport and ball sport played by two teams wearing ice skates on a large ice surface (either indoors or outdoors) while using sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal. The international governing body for bandy is ...

in China, has its offices at 56, Zhongguacun South Street in Haidian District.FIB Members
, read 20 February 2016

Gallery

Haidian's Technology hubs

File:haidian_beijing_10.jpg, File:haidian_beijing_11.jpg, File:haidian_beijing_12.jpg, File:haidian_beijing_13.jpg, File:haidian_beijing_14.jpg, File:haidian_beijing_15.jpg, File:haidian_beijing_16.jpg,

Climate

Haidian has a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freez ...

(

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, nota ...

''Dwa''). The average annual temperature in Haidian is . The average annual rainfall is with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around .

Notes

References

External links

Haidian District, Beijing Municipality

Haidian District, Beijing Municipality
{{authority control Districts of Beijing