is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

located in the western portion of

Tokyo Metropolis Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...

, Japan. , the city had an estimated

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

of 561,344, and a

population density Population density (in agriculture: Stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical ...

of 3000 persons per km². The total area of the city is .

Geography

Hachiōji is located in the foothills of the Okutama Mountains of western Tokyo, about 40 kilometers west of the center of the 23

special wards of Tokyo are a special form of municipalities in Japan under the 1947 Local Autonomy Law. They are city-level wards: primary subdivisions of a prefecture with municipal autonomy largely comparable to other forms of municipalities. Although the auton ...

. The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains, forming the Hachioji Basin which opens up toward the east in the direction of Tokyo. The mountain ranges in the southwest include

Mount Takao is a mountain in the city of Hachiōji, Tokyo, Japan. It is protected within Meiji no Mori Takao Quasi-National Park. Standing tall and located within an hour of downtown Tokyo, it is a popular hiking spot, with eight hiking trails and more t ...

(599 m) and Mount Jinba (857 m), two popular hiking destinations which can be reached by train and bus, respectively.

Surrounding municipalities

* Machida * Tama *

Fussa is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 56,786, and a population density of 5600 persons per km². The total area of the city is . About one third of the city area is occup ...

* Hino *

Akishima is a Cities of Japan, city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 113,542, and a population density of 6500 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Akishima is loc ...

Akiruno 260px, Akigawa River in the autumn is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 80,177, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Geograph ...

* Hinohara

Kanagawa Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Kanagawa Prefecture is the second-most populous prefecture of Japan at 9,221,129 (1 April 2022) and third-densest at . Its geographic area of makes it fifth-smallest. Kanag ...

Sagamihara is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the city has an estimated population of 723,470, with 334,812 households, and a population density of 1,220 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Sagamihara is the third-most-populous city ...

Climate

Hachiōji has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Hachiōji is 13.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1998 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.3 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.4 °C.

Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Hachiōji has recently plateaued after nine decades of strong growth.

History

The area of present-day Hachiōji was part of ancient Musashi Province. It has been an important junction point and

post town A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system.Royal Mail, ''Address Management Guide'', (2004) Including the correct post town in the address increases ...

along the '' Kōshū Kaidō'', the main road that connected the historical Edo (today's Tokyo) with western Japan. Hachiōji Castle was built during the

Sengoku period The was a period in History of Japan, Japanese history of near-constant civil war and social upheaval from 1467 to 1615. The Sengoku period was initiated by the Ōnin War in 1467 which collapsed the Feudalism, feudal system of Japan under the ...

in 1584 by Hōjō Ujiteru, but was destroyed in 1590 by

Toyotomi Hideyoshi , otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the Cour ...

. During the

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characte ...

, the area was ''

tenryō The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia' ...

'' controlled directly by the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

. In the post-

Meiji Restoration The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ...

cadastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Minamitama District in

. The town of Hachiōji was created on April 1, 1889, with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. Minaitama District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. Hachiōji gained city status on September 1, 1917. During the 1964 Summer Olympics, the city played host to the road cycling events. A

velodrome A velodrome is an arena for track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement ...

in the city played host to the track cycling events. Hachiōji became a

Core city In urban planning, a core city, principal city metropolitan core, or central city, is the largest or most important city or cities of a metropolitan area. A core city is surrounded by smaller satellite cities, towns, and suburbs. A central city ...

on April 1, 2015 with increased local autonomy.

Government

Hachiōji has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a

unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...

city council of 40 members, whose members are elected for a four-year term. Hachiōji contributes five members to the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is divided between the Tokyo 21st district and Tokyo 24th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Mayors of Hachiōji (1917–present)

Economy

During the

Meiji period The is an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868 to July 30, 1912. The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonization ...

, Hachiōji prospered as an important location for the production of silk and silk textiles. The industry faded away, however, in the 1960s. Today, Hachiōji mainly serves as a

commuter town A commuter town is a populated area that is primarily residential rather than commercial or industrial. Routine travel from home to work and back is called commuting, which is where the term comes from. A commuter town may be called by many ...

for people working in Tokyo, and as a location for many large colleges and universities.

Education

Colleges and universities

Chuo University , commonly referred to as or , is a private flagship research university in Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 1885 as Igirisu Hōritsu Gakkō (the English Law School), Chuo is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions in the country. The univer ...

(Tama Campus) * Digital Hollywood University *

Kogakuin University is a private university in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. Its predecessor was named "Koshu Gakko" (工手学校) and was one of the oldest private engineering schools in Japan. History Koshu Gakko (工手学校, lit. technicians school) was founded ...

(Hachioji Campus) * Kyorin University (Hachioji Campus) * Meisei University (Hino Campus) * Nihon Bunka University * Soka University *

Tama Art University or is a private art university located in Tokyo, Japan. It is known as one of the top art schools in Japan. History The forerunner of Tamabi was Tama Imperial Art School (多摩帝国美術学校, Tama Teikoku Bijutsu Gakkō) founded in 1935. ...

(Hachioji Campus) *

Takushoku University Takushoku University (拓殖大学; ''Takushoku Daigaku'', abbreviated as 拓大 ''Takudai'') is a private university in Tokyo, Japan. It was founded in 1900 by Duke Taro Katsura (1848–1913).

(Hachioji Campus) *

Teikyo University is a private university headquartered in the Itabashi ward of Tokyo, Japan. It was established in 1931 as Teikyo Commercial High School (帝京商業高等学校). It became Teikyo University in 1966. It is part of Teikyo Group, a multinational ...

(Hachioji Campus) * Tokyo Junshin University * Tokyo Kasei-Gakuin University (Machida Campus) *

Tokyo Metropolitan University , often referred to as TMU, is a public research university in Japan. Origin The origin of Tokyo Metropolitan University was Prefectural Higher School, under the old system of education, established by Tokyo Prefecture in 1929 as the third pu ...

(Minamiōsawa Campus) * Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology * Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences *

Tokyo University of Technology is a private university Private universities and private colleges are institutions of higher education, not operated, owned, or institutionally funded by governments. They may (and often do) receive from governments tax breaks, public st ...

(Hachiōji Campus) *

Tokyo Zokei University is a private university in Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan, founded in 1966 by Japanese art educator, fashion designer and design journalist, Yoko Kuwasawa (1910-1977). It is a four-year art college offering both bachelor's and master's degrees in studio ...

*Nippon Engineering College *

Primary and secondary education

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education operates nine public high schools, and the metropolis also operates the Hachioji School for the Blind. There are also eleven private high schools. Metropolitan high schools: * (junior and senior high) * * * * * * * * Hachiōji has 70 public elementary schools and 37 public junior high schools operated by the city government, as well as four public combined elementary/junior high schools. Combined public elementary and junior high schools: * Izumi no Mori School ( いずみの森義務教育学校) * Tate ( 館小中学校) Municipal junior high schools: * No. 1 ( 第一中学校) * No. 2 ( 第二中学校) * No. 4 (第四中学校) * No. 6 (第六中学校) * No. 7 ( 第七中学校) * Asakawa (浅川中学校) * Bessho ( 別所中学校) * Hiyodoriyama ( ひよどり山中学校) * Ishikawa ( 石川中学校) * Kamiyugi ( 上柚木中学校) * Kasumi (加住中学校) * Kawaguchi ( 川口中学校) * Konobara (甲ノ原中学校) * Kunigida ( 椚田中学校) * Matsugaya ( 松が谷中学校) * Matsugi (松木中学校) * Minamino (みなみ野中学校) * Minamiosawa (南大沢中学校) * Miyagami ( 宮上中学校) * Moto Hachioji ( 元八王子中学校) * Nagabusa (長房中学校) * Nakayama ( 中山中学校) * Nanakuni ( 七国中学校) * Narahara ( 楢原中学校) * Ongata (恩方中学校) * Ryonan ( 陵南中学校) * Shiroyama (城山中学校) * Uchikoshi (打越中学校) * Yarimizu (鑓水中学校) * Yokokawa (横川中学校) * Yokoyama (横山中学校) * Yotsuya (四谷中学校) * Yugi ( 由木中学校) * Yui ( 由井中学校) Municipal elementary schools: * No. 1 (第一小学校) * No. 2 (第二小学校) * No. 3 (第三小学校) * No. 4 ( 第四小学校) * No. 5 ( 第五小学校) * No. 7 (第七小学校) * No. 8 (第八小学校) * No. 9 ( 第九小学校) * No. 10 ( 第十小学校) * Akibadai ( 秋葉台小学校) * Asakawa ( 浅川小学校) * Atago ( 愛宕小学校) * Bessho ( 別所小学校) * Funeda (船田小学校) * Higashi Asakawa ( 東浅川小学校) * Kami Ichibukata (上壱分方小学校) * Kami Kawaguchi ( 上川口小学校) * Kami Yugi ( 上柚木小学校) * Kashima ( 鹿島小学校) * Kashiwagi ( 柏木小学校) * Kasumi (加住小学校) * Katakuradai (片倉台小学校) * Kawaguchi (川口小学校) * Komiya (小宮小学校) * Kunugida (椚田小学校) * Nagaike (長池小学校) * Matsugaya (松が谷小学校) * Matsugi ( 松木小学校) * Midorigaoka (緑が丘小学校) * Minamino (みなみ野小学校) * Minamino Kimita (みなみ野君田小学校) * Minami Osawa (南大沢小学校) * Miyakami (宮上小学校) * Miyama (美山小学校) * Moto Hachioji (元八王子小学校) * Moto Hachioji Higashi (元八王子東小学校) * Motoki (元木小学校) * Nagabusa (長房小学校) * Naganuma (長沼小学校) * Nakano Kita (中野北小学校) * Nakayama (中山小学校) * Nanakuni (七国小学校) * Narahara (楢原小学校) * Matsue ( 松枝小学校) * Nibukata (弐分方小学校) * Ongata No. 1 (恩方第一小学校) * Ongata No. 2 (恩方第二小学校) * Owada ( 大和田小学校) * Sanda (散田小学校) * Shimizu (清水小学校) * Shimo Yugi ( 下柚木小学校) * Shiroyama (城山小学校) * Takakura (高倉小学校) * Takane (高嶺小学校) * Toyo (陶鎔小学校) * Utsukidai ( 宇津木台小学校) * Yamada (山田小学校) * Yarimizu ( 鑓水小学校) * Yokokawa (横川小学校) * Yokoyama No. 1 (横山第一小学校) * Yokoyama No. 2 (横山第二小学校) * Yugi Chuo ( 由木中央小学校) * Yugi Higashi (由木東小学校) * Yugi Nishi ( 由木西小学校) * Yui No. 1 ( 由井第一小学校) * Yui No. 2 ( 由井第二小学校) * Yui No. 3 (由井第三小学校) Former: * Takaosan Gakuen ( 高尾山学園) - Elementary and junior high

Transportation

Railways

JR East - Chūō Main Line * – – JR logo (east)

JR East -

Yokohama Line The Yokohama Line ( ja, 横浜線, ) is a Japanese railway line of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) connecting Higashi-Kanagawa Station in Yokohama, Kanagawa and Hachiōji Station in Hachiōji, Tokyo. The line forms part of what JR Ea ...

* – –

JR East -

Hachikō Line The Hachikō Line is a 92.0 km (57.2 mi) regional railway line owned and operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It is located within Tokyo, Saitama, and Gunma Prefectures in Japan. It connects Hachiōji Station in Hachi ...

* – – 40px

Keio Corporation () is a private railway operator in Tokyo, Japan, and the central firm of the that is involved in transport, retail, real estate and other industries. The name is derived from taking one character each from the places through which the railw ...

Keiō Line The is a 37.9-km railway line in western Tokyo, Japan, owned by the private railway operator Keiō Corporation. It connects Shinjuku, Tokyo, with the suburban city of Hachiōji. The Keiō Line is part of a network with interchanges and thro ...

* – – 40px

Keiō Takao Line The is a railway line operated by the Japanese private railway operator Keio Corporation. The line connects Kitano Station on the Keio Line, to Takaosanguchi Station, and offers access to Mount Takao at the terminal. It is gauge, electrified ...

* – – – – – – 40px

- Sagamihara Line * – 12px Tokyo Tama Intercity Monorail -

Tama Toshi Monorail Line The , also referred to as the Tama Monorail, is a monorail system in Western Tokyo. Operated by the Tokyo Tama Intercity Monorail Co., Ltd., the double tracked, 16.0 km monorail line carries passengers between the suburban cities of Higash ...

* – – * Takaotozan Railway

Highways

* * * * *

Sister city relations

* Kaohsiung, Taiwan - friendship city since November 1, 2006 * Siheung,

Gyeonggi Province Gyeonggi-do (, ) is the most populous province in South Korea. Its name, ''Gyeonggi'', means "京 (the capital) and 畿 (the surrounding area)". Thus, ''Gyeonggi-do'' can be translated as "Seoul and the surrounding areas of Seoul". Seoul, the na ...

, South Korea - friendship city since November 7, 2006 *

Tai'an Tai'an () is a prefecture-level city in Western Shandong Province of the People's Republic of China. Centered on Mount Tai, the city borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the north, Zibo to the east, Linyi to the southeast, Liaocheng to ...

, Shandong, People's Republic of China - friendship city since September 23, 2006

Local attractions

Hachioji stretches over a large area, combining such diverse parts as the densely populated city center and its shopping district with the hardly populated rural areas in the west. * Mt. Takao (599 m) is a popular hiking destination in the southwest, easily accessible through the

. It is famous for the Shingon Buddhist temple . * Mt. Jinba (855 m) is more difficult to reach, requiring a one-hour bus ride from the city center. It is popular, however, because of the scenic view toward Mt. Fuji. * Tama Forest Science Garden * Tokyo Fuji Art Museum * Kamiyugi Park Baseball Field * Kamiyugi Park Athletic Stadium * Musashi Imperial Graveyard houses the remains of the Taishō and Shōwa emperors. * Takiyama Castle, A castle ruin in the Sengoku period, one of the

Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles The is a list of 100 castle A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders. Scholars debate the scope of the word ''castle'', but usually consider it ...

. * Hachiōji Castle, A castle ruin in the Sengoku period, one of the Japan's Top 100 Castles. File:Sign of Summit of Mt. Takao taken in May 2009.jpg, Mt. Takao File:Mausoleum of Emperor Showa 2012.png, Shōwa emperor's grave File:Imperial Mausoleum-TaishōEmperor.JPG, Taishō emperor's grave File:Bridge of Takiyama Castle.jpg, Reconstructed bridge of Takiyama Castle File:Hachioji Castle Gosyuden entrance.JPG, Stone wall and gate of Hachiōji Castle

References

1964 Summer Olympics official report.
Volume 2. Part 1. p. 263.

External links

Hachiōji City Official Website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hachioji, Tokyo Venues of the 1964 Summer Olympics Cities in Tokyo Olympic cycling venues Western Tokyo