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Gwened, Bro-Gwened (Standard br, Bro-Wened) or Vannetais (french: Pays Vannetais) is a historic realm and county of Brittany in France. It is considered part of Lower Brittany."AM"
"Gwened (Vannes/Vannetais)" in ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia'', Vol. I, p. 860
ABC-CLIO (Santa Barbara, California, Sta. Barbara), 2006. Bro-Gwened was an early medieval principality or kingdom around Vannes in Armorica (Brittany), lasting from around AD 490 to around 635. It was peopled by Celtic Christianity, Christianized Britons (Celtic people), Britons fleeing the Saxon invasions of Britain, who displaced or assimilated the remaining Gaulish religion, pagan Veneti (Gaul), Veneti Gauls. Its Roman Catholic diocese of Vannes, bishop and (usually) court was at Gwened, the site of the former Roman Empire, Roman settlement of Darioritum and the present France, French city of Vannes. Today its territories are included within the modern France, French Departments of France, department of Morbihan.
''The Lives of the Saints'', Vol. XVI, "The Celtic Church and its Saints", p. 103
Longmans, Green, & Co. (New York), 1898. Major settlements at this time included Gwened (Vannes) and Lokmaria (Locmaria). In the mid-7th century, Bro Gwened was united with Domnonia under its king Saint Judicaël, who was descended from a daughter of Waroch. Domnonia's rulers thenceforth reigned as the King of the Bretons, high kings of Brittany, with Bro Gwened forming part of their lands.
The Breton dialects, dialect of Gwened's present inhabitants is known in Breton language, Breton as ' and in French as '. It is distinct from that of the other regions of Brittany to the point of near unintelligibility.Kergoat, Lukian
"Breton Dialects" in ''Celtic Culture'', Vol. I, pp. 250 ff
A primary distinction is that the Gwened dialect has paralleled Irish language, Gaelic in developing Common Celtic, earlier into rather than ; , meanwhile, has disappeared completely rather than merge with as in Viscounty of Léon, Leon although there are certain parts of Gwened (e.g. the city Baud, Morbihan, Baud) where it is still used as an initial mutation of ''d'' and ''t'' and sometimes in the middle and end of a word as a retainment of Middle Breton or θ where the other dialects substituted ''d'' or ''z'' (e.g. in ''hiddiù'' [hiːðiw] ("today") which would be ''hiziv'' [hiːziw] or ''hidiv'' [hiːdiv] in the other dialects (cf. Welsh language, Welsh ''heddiw'' [hɛðɪu̯])). The dialect also has a tendency to close vowels, places vocal stress, stress on the final syllables of words (as in French and Middle Breton), rather than on the penultimate syllable (as in other Breton dialects and Welsh language, Welsh), and (like English) has completely lost its original 2nd person singular pronoun.
Tartan Details—Bro-Wened
". National Records of Scotland (Edinburgh), 2014.
Gwened, Bro-Gwened (Standard br, Bro-Wened) or Vannetais (french: Pays Vannetais) is a historic realm and county of Brittany in France. It is considered part of Lower Brittany."AM""Gwened (Vannes/Vannetais)" in ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia'', Vol. I, p. 860
ABC-CLIO (Santa Barbara, California, Sta. Barbara), 2006. Bro-Gwened was an early medieval principality or kingdom around Vannes in Armorica (Brittany), lasting from around AD 490 to around 635. It was peopled by Celtic Christianity, Christianized Britons (Celtic people), Britons fleeing the Saxon invasions of Britain, who displaced or assimilated the remaining Gaulish religion, pagan Veneti (Gaul), Veneti Gauls. Its Roman Catholic diocese of Vannes, bishop and (usually) court was at Gwened, the site of the former Roman Empire, Roman settlement of Darioritum and the present France, French city of Vannes. Today its territories are included within the modern France, French Departments of France, department of Morbihan.
Name
The Breton placename-element ' ( la, plebs) initially meant a List of Celtic tribes, tribe, but came to signify its territory as well. The Breton language, standard Breton form of the name Breton mutations, mutates Gwened, the Breton name for Vannes, while the local dialect leaves it unchanged as "Bro-Gwened". The French language, modern French name derives from demonym, adjectival form of Vannes. Both ' and ' reflect separate developments of the Latin ', the Ancient Rome, Romans' name for the Gauls, Gaulish list of Celtic tribes, tribe in the area. (It is unrelated to the Wales, Welsh realm and county of Kingdom of Gwynedd, Gwynedd, which developed from Latin '.) The historic realm was also known as Bro Erec ( br, Bro-Ereg, "land of Gwereg (disambiguation), Gwereg") or Bro Waroch (from the gallicisation of the same name) or by numerous variant spellings, although it is unclear whether the namesake Gwereg was Waroch I or Waroch II, II.History
The land was allegedly founded by Caradog Freichfras, Caradog Strongarm. In the early 6th century, Macliau served as one of the earliest Roman Catholic Diocese of Vannes, bishops of Vannes prior to usurping his nephew's inheritance in neighboring Cornouaille. He may have also been king of Broerec or simply the refugee guest of Conmor.Baring-Gould, Sabine''The Lives of the Saints'', Vol. XVI, "The Celtic Church and its Saints", p. 103
Longmans, Green, & Co. (New York), 1898. Major settlements at this time included Gwened (Vannes) and Lokmaria (Locmaria). In the mid-7th century, Bro Gwened was united with Domnonia under its king Saint Judicaël, who was descended from a daughter of Waroch. Domnonia's rulers thenceforth reigned as the King of the Bretons, high kings of Brittany, with Bro Gwened forming part of their lands.
Dialect
The Breton dialects, dialect of Gwened's present inhabitants is known in Breton language, Breton as ' and in French as '. It is distinct from that of the other regions of Brittany to the point of near unintelligibility.Kergoat, Lukian"Breton Dialects" in ''Celtic Culture'', Vol. I, pp. 250 ff
A primary distinction is that the Gwened dialect has paralleled Irish language, Gaelic in developing Common Celtic, earlier into rather than ; , meanwhile, has disappeared completely rather than merge with as in Viscounty of Léon, Leon although there are certain parts of Gwened (e.g. the city Baud, Morbihan, Baud) where it is still used as an initial mutation of ''d'' and ''t'' and sometimes in the middle and end of a word as a retainment of Middle Breton or θ where the other dialects substituted ''d'' or ''z'' (e.g. in ''hiddiù'' [hiːðiw] ("today") which would be ''hiziv'' [hiːziw] or ''hidiv'' [hiːdiv] in the other dialects (cf. Welsh language, Welsh ''heddiw'' [hɛðɪu̯])). The dialect also has a tendency to close vowels, places vocal stress, stress on the final syllables of words (as in French and Middle Breton), rather than on the penultimate syllable (as in other Breton dialects and Welsh language, Welsh), and (like English) has completely lost its original 2nd person singular pronoun.
Tartan
As a historic Breton county, ''Bro-Wened'' is registered as an official tartan with the British government.The Scottish Register of Tartans.Tartan Details—Bro-Wened
". National Records of Scotland (Edinburgh), 2014.
See also
* Domnonia (Domnonée) * Viscounty of Léon, Leon (Léon) * CornouailleReferences
{{DEFAULTSORT:BRO GWENED States and territories established in the 490s States and territories disestablished in the 7th century Geography of Brittany Medieval Brittany Barbarian kingdoms History of Morbihan