Guanshanhu District (), formerly the Jinyang New Area (JYND; ), is one of 6 urban districts of the

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of China ...

of Guiyang, the capital of

Guizhou Province Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to ...

, in

Southwest China Southwest China () is a region in the south of the People's Republic of China. Geography Southwest China is a rugged and mountainous region, transitioning between the Tibetan Plateau to the west and the Chinese coastal hills (东南丘陵) and ...

. Located to the northwest of Guiyang's city centre, Guanshanhu District is situated beyond the city's mountains on high-plains interspersed with rolling hills,Guiyang City Government Website
, retrieved 2009-11-18 at an average altitude of . The district spans an area of , and has a population of 642,634 as of 2020. As a new city district of Guiyang, the Guanshanhu District is focused on government, finance, real estate, high-tech, transportation, aerospace and commercial services. Since its inception in 2001, through the end of 2008, 43 billion yuan was invested in the Guanshanhu District. Guanshanhu District is home to Guiyang's municipal government offices.

Toponymy

Prior to being established as a

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...

, the area was incorporated as the Jinyang New Area (JYND; ). However, in order to avoid confusion with

Jinyang County Jinyang County (; Yi: ) is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Liangshan (; Yi: ''Niep Sha'', pronounced ), officially the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, is a ...

Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the ...

(which is written and pronounced identically), upon the area's re-organization as a district, it was renamed to Guanshanhu District (), after a prominent

lake A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much large ...

in the district.

History

In the early part of 2000, the municipal government of Guiyang devised a plan to build a new urban area to the northwest of the existing core, in response to the increased congestion caused by the city's recent growth. On April 14, the municipal government established a group to organize the development of such an area, then-called the Jinyang New Area (JYND; ). The Jinyang New Area was first carved out of areas from Wudang District and Baiyun District, and was transferred additional areas from the two districts in 2006 and 2007. By the end of 2011, the Jinyang New Area spanned an area of , and had a population of about 240,000. Guanshanhu District was formally established as a district on December 21, 2012. At the time of its establishment, the district spanned an area of , and had a population of 240,700.

Geography

Guanshanhu District spans west to east from 106° 33' to 106° 41', and south to north from 26°33' to 26°40'. 46.01% of the district's area is forested.

Climate

The district has a humid subtropical climate.

Administrative divisions

Guanshanhu District administers seven

subdistricts A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district. Equivalents * Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language * Kelurahan, in Indonesia * Mukim, a township in Brunei, Indon ...

and three towns. These

township-level divisions The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area. The constitution of China provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there ...

then, in turn, administer 49 administrative villages and 90 residential communities.

Subdistricts

The district's seven subdistricts are , , , , , , and .

Towns

The district's three towns are , , and .

Demographics

Guanshanhu District had a permanent resident population of 642,634 per the

2020 Chinese Census The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (), also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh national census conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Census wo ...

. As of 2020, Guanshanhu District's population accounted for 10.73% of Guiyang's total population. 51.56% of Guanshanhu District's population is

male Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilization. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to ...

as of 2020, giving it a

sex ratio The sex ratio (or gender ratio) is usually defined as the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. Many species d ...

of 106.46 males per 100

females Female (symbol: ♀) is the sex of an organism that produces the large non-motile ova (egg cells), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete during sexual reproduction. A female has larger gametes than a male. Females ...

. 19.07% of the district's population is 14 years old or under as of 2020, 70.37% is between the ages of 15 and 59, and the remaining 10.56% is 60 years old or over. 7.07% of the district's population is 65 years and older. The district has a

crude birth rate The birth rate for a given period is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population divided by the length of the period in years. The number of live births is normally taken from a universal registration system for births; populati ...

of 21.09

per thousand Per mille (from Latin , "in each thousand") is an expression that means parts per thousand. Other recognised spellings include per mil, per mill, permil, permill, or permille. The associated sign is written , which looks like a percent si ...

, and a crude death rate of 18.73 per thousand, giving it a

rate of natural increase In Demography, the rate of natural increase (RNI), also known as natural population change, is defined as the birth rate minus the death rate of a particular population, over a particular time period. It is typically expressed either as a number ...

of 2.36 per thousand.

Ethnic minorities The term 'minority group' has different usages depending on the context. According to its common usage, a minority group can simply be understood in terms of demographic sizes within a population: i.e. a group in society with the least number o ...

in Guanshanhu District include the Miao, the Bouyei, and the Tujia.

Historical population

The area's population has grown dramatically in the 21st century, largely driven by the relocation of major governmental and economic institutions to the district. From 2004 to 2008, the district's population grew from 70,000 to 180,000. By the end of 2011, the district's population was approximately 240,000, and was estimated to be about 240,700 by December 2012. Guanshanhu District's population continued to grow throughout the mid and late 2010s, reaching 642,634 by 2020.

Economy

As of 2020, Guanshanhu District has a

gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is oft ...

(GDP) of 65.352 billion renminbi (RMB), a 6.5% increase from the previous year. Of this, 0.441 billion RMB (0.67% of the total economy) comes from the district's

primary sector The primary sector of the economy includes any Industry (economics), industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining. The primary sector tends to make up a larger portio ...

, 10.255 billion RMB (15.69%) comes from the district's

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...

, and 54.656 billion RMB (83.63%) comes from the district's

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...

. Guiyang's municipal government is seated in Guanshanhu District, and employs 20,000 people and is adjacent to the sprawling Guanshanhu Park in the district's center.Guiyang City Government Website
, (in Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-10 Century Town, located in the district's south, is the largest planned urban development in the district with 40,000 residences and the Century Town shopping complex with 3 interconnected shopping malls and several office buildings.Century Town Website
,(In Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-23. Guanshanhu District is also home to China West Technology Park (CWTP), a large hi-tech

office park A business park or office park is a designated area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together. These types of developments are often located in suburban areas where land and building costs are more affordable, and are typically ...

composed of seven class-A multi-use buildings comprising 174,000 square meters (1.8 million sq.ft.) of office, lab, meeting, residential, hotel, dining and retail space. It is anticipated that within 3 years of opening in 2012, between 6,000 and 10,000 workers will be employed in CWTP. Current tenants include the regional head offices of China Mingsheng Bank,

Sinopec China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (中国石油化工股份有限公司) or Sinopec (), is a Chinese oil and gas enterprise based in Beijing. It is listed in Hong Kong and also trades in Shanghai. Sinopec Limited's parent, Sinopec ...

, and the Guizhou Province Talent City, a provincial-scale job market and training center JV between the Shanghai Municipal Government agency and the Guiyang High-Tech Development Zone administration. CWTP initial occupancy began in late 2012.China West Technology Park Website
(In Chinese) Retrieved 2009-11-22 In 2011, Guizhou Provincial General Hospital announced the location of a provincial medical center campus in the Guanshanhu District, north of the City's government administrative complex. The new medical campus is anticipated for completion in 2015-2016 and will be a large-scale medical and research center employing over 10,000 physician and staff. Guanshanhu District is home to the regional headquarters of several large companies including

China Mobile China Mobile is the trade name of both China Mobile Limited () and its ultimate controlling shareholder, China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd. (, formerly known as China Mobile Communications Corporation, "CMCC"), a Chinese state-ownedSt ...

, China Southern Coal,

China Datang Corporation China Datang Corporation (CDT) is one of the five large-scale power generation enterprises in China, established on the basis of former State Power Corporation of China in 2002. It is a solely state-owned enterprise directly managed by the S ...

China Hydro Engineering
and

Kweichow Moutai Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd. is a partial publicly traded, partial state-owned enterprise in China, specializing in the production and sales of the spirit Maotai baijiu, together with the production and sale of beverage, food and packaging materi ...

.Article about company headquarters in Jinyang
Retrieved 2009-11-24

Minerals

Mineral deposits within Guanshanhu District include

coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when ...

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...

silicon Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic ta ...

, and barite.

Transportation

Road

The Guanshanhu District has a road network with a of signalized multi-lane roadways which provide access to the Guiyang–Zunyi Expressway, the Guiyang Outer Ring Road and Second Ring Road highways. The Gui-Zun Expressway, the Guiyang Outer Ring Road and Guiyang Second Ring Road highways pass through the district and are part of the national trunk highway system. These divided multi-lane motorways provide the district with rapid vehicular access to the city center, Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport, and all points within Guizhou including the cities of

Zunyi Zunyi () is a prefecture-level city in northern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, situated between the provincial capital Guiyang to the south and Chongqing to the north, also bordering Sichuan to the northwest. Along with Guiyang an ...

Anshun Anshun () is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city proper had a population o ...

, and Kaili, as well as the large regional cities of Chongqing,

Chengdu Chengdu (, ; simplified Chinese: 成都; pinyin: ''Chéngdū''; Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ), alternatively romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese pro ...

, Kunming,

Guilin Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''; alternatively romanized as Kweilin) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the nort ...

Changsha Changsha (; ; ; Changshanese pronunciation: (), Standard Chinese, Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is the Capital city, capital and the largest city of Hunan Province of China. Changsha is the 17th most populous city in China with a popul ...

, Nanning, and

Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...

. The G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway, the

G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway The Shanghai–Kunming Expressway (), commonly referred to as the ''Hukun Expressway'' () is an expressway that connects the cities of Shanghai, China, and Kunming, Yunnan. It is in length. The entire route forms part of Asian Highway 3. Route Th ...

, and the

G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway The Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway (), designated as G76 and commonly referred to as the Xiarong Expressway () is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Xiamen, Fujian, and Chengdu, Sichuan. When complete, it will be in length. Route Fu ...

run through the

. Guanshanhu District is home to the JinYang Regional Bus Terminal, the largest coach and bus terminal in Guizhou Province, servicing over 7 million passengers annually.

Rail

Major railways that run through Guanshanhu District include the Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway, the Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway, the Chengdu–Guiyang high-speed railway, and the Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway all run through the district. The Guiyang–Nanning high-speed railway will also service the district upon completion. The district is home to the Guiyang North railway station, which is connected to the country's high-speed rail network. Situated in the eastern area of the Guanshanhu District, the station opened in December 2014. The station is serviced by passenger and freight service on CRH bullet trains that travel at average speed of . These bullet trains travel from Guiyang to Chongqing in 1.5 hours, Chengdu in 3 hours,

in 3 hours,

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowin ...

in 8 hours, and

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...

in 9 hours.China Highway article about Guiyang High Speed Rail Station
(In Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-24 Other cities connected by rail include

and

Wuhan Wuhan (, ; ; ) is the capital of Hubei Province in the People's Republic of China. It is the largest city in Hubei and the most populous city in Central China, with a population of over eleven million, the ninth-most populous Chinese city an ...

. About 100 CRH bullet trains service the station daily. Both lines of the Guiyang Metro run through Guanshanhu District, with 11 stations along Line 1 from through to servicing the district. Guiyang is currently building a three-line urban light rails system with the city's fline-1 of the system anticipated to be operational in 2015, connecting the Guanshanhu District to the older, established Guiyang central business district, several established high-density inner-city residential neighborhoods, and the airport.Guiyang Metro article about Jinyang
(In Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-10

Culture

Parks

Parks within Guanshanhu District include Guanshanhu Park (), Guiyang Karst Park (), Baihua Lake (), Baihua Lake Forest Park (), Xiaowanhe Wetlands Park (), Yueshan Lake Wetlands Park (), and Donglin Park ().

Sports

The

Guiyang Olympic Sports Center The Guiyang Olympic Sports Centre Stadium () is a sports venue in Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, China. With a capacity of 51,636 people, it is the largest sports venue in Guizhou Province. Construction began in 2006, and the center was opened in ...

in Guanshanhu District opened in 2011 and was host to the 9th Chinese Traditional Games for Ethnic Nationalities. The Olympic Center includes a 52,000 seat stadium, a swimming and diving hall, and 17 tennis courts. The total area is 289,000 square meters. The Center also used to host the Guizhou Renhe Football Club of the

Chinese Super League The Chinese Football Association Super League, commonly known as Chinese Super League or CSL, currently known as the China Ping An Chinese Football Association Super League for sponsorship reasons, is the highest tier of professional association ...

prior to their relocation to

Tourism

Guiyang International Exhibition and Convention Center opened in 2011, with 2 million square meters of space, and can host conventions with as many as 20,000 visitors.Guiyang Web
(In Chinese), retrieved 2009-11-03. The Convention and Exhibition Center annually hosts the Global Eco-Forum Guiyang jointly sponsored by the Chinese Government and the United Nations. The Conference center also is adjacent to the new 366-room Hyatt Regency Guiyang,Hyatt Hotels website
retrieved 2011-11-02 several smaller domestic hotels, and the Zhongtian Super Mall, a 330,000 square meter (3.5 million square feet) multi-level shopping center scheduled to open in 2014. The Marriott International Corporation opened the 340-room Renaissance Guiyang Hotel in February 2012.Marriott Renaissance Guiyang Website
Retrieved 2011-11-02 The hotel adjoins Guanshanhu Park and is also adjacent to the Municipal Government Administration Complex. Other major hotels in the district include the 306-roo
New World Hotel Guiyang
and the 351-room
Empark Grand Hotel Guiyang

References

External links

Guiyang City Government

Jinyang Government Website

Guiyang National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone

Guiyang City Government

Guiyang, City of Forests
{{New Area County-level divisions of Guizhou Guiyang New areas (China)