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Grimoald III ( – 806) was the Lombard Prince of Benevento from 788 until his own death. He was the second son of Arechis II and
Grimoald III ( – 806) was the Lombard Prince of Benevento from 788 until his own death. He was the second son of Arechis II and Adelperga
Adelperga (born c. 740 – died after 787) was a Lombard noblewoman, Duchess of Benevento by marriage to Arechis II of Benevento. She acted as regent of Benevento for her son Grimoald in 787-788. She was the third of four daughters of Deside ...
. In 787, he and his elder brother Romoald were sent as hostages to Charlemagne
Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first E ...
who had descended the Italian peninsula as far as Salerno
Salerno (, , ; nap, label= Salernitano, Saliernë, ) is an ancient city and ''comune'' in Campania (southwestern Italy) and is the capital of the namesake province, being the second largest city in the region by number of inhabitants, after ...
to receive the submission of Benevento. In return for peace, Arechis recognised Charlemagne's suzerainty and handed Grimoald over as a hostage.
When his father and brother both died in 788, Grimoald was allowed to return to Italy. He recognised Frankish overlordship, but was permitted practical independence in return for defending Italy from the Eastern Romans. In 788 he faced a Roman invasion commanded by Adelchis, the son of the last Lombard king, Desiderius
Desiderius, also known as Daufer or Dauferius (born – died ), was king of the Lombards in northern Italy, ruling from 756 to 774. The Frankish king of renown, Charlemagne, married Desiderius's daughter and subsequently conquered his realm. Des ...
. A Frankish army under Winigis and Hildebrand, Duke of Spoleto, joined Grimoald and defeated Adelchis on the coast soon after his landing.
Later, Grimoald tried to throw off Frankish suzerainty, but Charlemagne's sons, Pepin of Italy
Pepin or Pippin (or ''Pepin Carloman'', ''Pepinno'', April 777 – 8 July 810), born Carloman, was the son of Charlemagne and King of the Lombards (781–810) under the authority of his father.
Pepin was the second son of Charlemagne by his th ...
and Charles the Younger
Charles the Younger or Charles of Ingelheim (c. 772 – 4 December 811) was a member of the Carolingian dynasty, the second son of Charlemagne and the first by his second wife, Hildegard of Swabia and brother of Louis the Pious and Pepin Carloma ...
, forced him to submit in 792.
Sources
* Gwatkin, H. M., Whitney, J. P. (edd.) ''The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume II—The Rise of the Saracens and the Foundations of the Western Empire''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1926. * Oman, Charles. ''The Dark Ages 476-918''. London: Rivingtons, 1914. * Hodgkin, Thomas. ''Italy and her Invaders''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895. *McKitterick, Rosamond. ''The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751–987''. London: Longman, 1983. . {{DEFAULTSORT:Grimoald 03 Of Benevento 8th-century births 806 deaths Princes of Benevento Lombard warriors 8th-century rulers in Europe 9th-century rulers in Europe 8th-century Lombard people 9th-century Lombard people