The Grand Orient of Italy (GOI) ( it, Grande Oriente d'Italia) is an Italian

masonic Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...

grand lodge A Grand Lodge (or Grand Orient or other similar title) is the overarching governing body of a fraternal or other similarly organized group in a given area, usually a city, state, or country. In Freemasonry A Grand Lodge or Grand Orient is the us ...

founded in 1805; the

viceroy A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the French word ''roy'', meaning " ...

Eugene of Beauharnais was instrumental in its establishment. It was based at the Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome, Italy from 1901 until 1985 and is now located at the . Its current Grand Master is Italian journalist Stefano Bisi. the Grand Orient had 22,675 members in 842 lodges, a significant growth over the preceding three-year period. The international influence of the Grand Orient has decreased since it lost the official recognition of the "Home Grand Lodges" (of England, Ireland, and Scotland) owing to alleged corruption, although it remains regular in government and practice.

History

The Grand Orient of Italy was founded in 1805, during the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy; the viceroy Eugene of Beauharnais was instrumental in its establishment. Past

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have included: * Giuseppe Garibaldi, *Adriano Lemmi, 1885–96 *Sculptor Ettore Ferrari,Entry "Giuseppe Mazzini" i
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of ''10,000 Famous Freemasons'', William R. Denslow, 1957, Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co., Inc. *

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Ernesto Nathan Ernesto Nathan (5 October 1848 – 9 April 1921) was an English-Italian politician, and mayor of Rome, Italy from November 1907 to December 1913. Biography Nathan was born in London in 1848 to Sara Levi, an Italian from Pesaro, and Mayer Moses ...

Freemasonry was suppressed by

Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...

in 1925, being restarted after the

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Regularity

Recognition by the

United Grand Lodge of England The United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) is the governing Masonic lodge for the majority of freemasons in England, Wales and the Commonwealth of Nations. Claiming descent from the Masonic grand lodge formed 24 June 1717 at the Goose & Gridiron ...

(UGLE) is a key factor in maintaining the status of a Regular Masonic jurisdiction. The Grand Orient of Italy was once a significant player within international Freemasonry, and in 1972 it was recognised as regular by the UGLE.What was the P2 Lodge?
Anti-masonry Frequently Asked Questions
Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon
/ref> However, this recognition was withdrawn in 1993, due to accusations of corruption and

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involvement. Today the Regular Grand Lodge of Italy is the only Italian Grand Lodge recognized by the UGLE, or the other home constitutions of Ireland and Scotland. However, the Grand Orient is fully recognised by a large majority of the other regular masonic jurisdictions, both in Europe and worldwide. This situation is highly unusual, in that most regular authorities recognise the Grand Orient, but its status is complicated by the lack of recognition from the three most senior jurisdictions, which normally give a lead in terms of international recognition. To further complicate the situation, the United Grand Lodge of England has publicly stated that the Grand Orient of Italy is regular in both origins and practices, but that it must remain unrecognised due to the issues surrounding alleged corruption. Propaganda Due, the lodge that investigative journalists have identified as being implicated in the murder of

Roberto Calvi Roberto Calvi (13 April 1920 – 17 June 1982) was an Italian banker, dubbed "God's Banker" () by the press because of his close association with the Holy See. He was a native of Milan and was chairman of Banco Ambrosiano, which collapsed in ...

, was originally chartered by the Grand Orient, although the Grand Orient revoked its charter in 1974.

List of Grand Masters

Prior to Gustavo Raffi's grand mastership two terms of five years was the maximum tenure for a grand master. This, however was changed during Raffi's time, and his three-term grand mastership which began in 1999 ended in 2014.

References

Bibliography

*Enrico Simoni, ''Bibliografia della Massoneria in Italia'', Foggia, Edizioni Bastogi, 1° volume 1992 (3471 schede), 2° volume 1993 (indici sistematici degli articoli delle Riviste massoniche del dopoguerra; 3762 schede), 1° volume di aggiornamento 1997 (schede da 3472 a 4584), 3° volume 2006 (indici sistematici degli articoli della "Rivista della Massoneria Italiana" e della "Rivista Massonica"; 1870–1926; 6478 schede), 2° volume di aggiornamento 2010 (schede da 4585 a 6648)

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Grand Orient Of Italy 1805 establishments in Italy Freemasonry in Italy

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1805 establishments in the Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)