Gospić

Gospić () is a town in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika, Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Lika-Senj County. Gospić is located near the Lika River in the middle of a karst field ( Ličko Polje).

Gospić is the third smallest seat of a county government in Croatia. Its status as the county capital helped to spur some development in it, but the town as well as the entire region have suffered a constant decrease in population over the last several decades. Scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla was born in the nearby village of Smiljan and grew up in Gospić.

Municipality

* Aleksinica, population 169
* Barlete, population 28
* Bilaj, population 162
* , population 25
* Brušane, population 134
* Budak, population 151
* Bužim, population 74
* Debelo Brdo I, population 61
* Debelo Brdo II, population 8
* Divoselo, population 4
* Donje Pazarište, population 125
* Drenovac Radučki, population 0
* Gospić, population 6,575
* Kalinovača, population 94
* Kaniža Gospićka, population 401
* Klanac, population 100
* Kruščica, population 0
* Kruškovac, population 20
* Kukljić, population 13
* Lički Čitluk, population 4
* Lički Novi, population 298
* Lički Osik, population 1,914
* Lički Ribnik, population 93
* Mala Plana, population 7
* Medak, population 62
* Mogorić, population 110
* Mušaluk, population 228
* Novoselo Bilajsko, population 112
* Novoselo Trnovačko, population 84
* Ornice, population 6
* Ostrvica, population 16
* Oteš, population 99
* Pavlovac Vrebački, population 33
* Počitelj, population 4
* Podastrana, population 51
* Podoštra, population 177
* Popovača Pazariška, population 93
* Rastoka, population 33
* Rizvanuša, population 29
* Smiljan, population 418
* Smiljansko Polje, population 135
* Široka Kula, population 116
* Trnovac, population 96
* Vaganac, population 30
* Velika Plana, population 52
* , population 47
* Vranovine, population 43
* Vrebac, population 44
* Zavođe, population 4
* Žabica, population 163

History

The first organised inhabitation of the area was recorded in 1263 as ''Kaseg'' or ''Kasezi''. The name ''Gospić'' is first mentioned in 1604, which likely originates from the Croatian word for "lady" (''gospa'') or another archaic form, ''gospava''. It was ruled by Ottoman Empire as part of Sanjak of Lika initially in Rumeli Eyalet (1528–1580), later in Bosnia Eyalet (1580–1686).

Today's town was built around two Ottoman forts (the towers of Aga Senković and of Aga Alić). The Turkish incursion was repelled by the end of the 17th century and Gospić became an administrative centre of the Lika region within the Military Frontier.

Until 1918, Gospić (named ''GOSPICH'' before 1850) was part of the Austrian monarchy (Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia after the compromise of 1867), in the Croatian Military Frontier, Likaner Regiment N° I. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Gospić was part of the Lika-Krbava County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

During the Genocide of Serbs by the Ustaše in WWII, the district of Gospić experienced the first large-scale massacres which occurred in the Lika region, as some 3,000 Serb civilians were killed between late July and early August 1941. A concentration camp was established in Gospić in which (together with other camps that belonged to the same complex) the Ustaše might have killed between 24,000-42,000 people, most of them being Serbs and Jews, but some of the prisoners were also Croatian.

In the 1990s, during the course of the Croatian War of Independence, Gospić suffered greatly during the Battle of Gospić. The town was held by Croatian government forces throughout the war, while the rebel Serb forces of the Republic of Serbian Krajina occupied positions directly to the east and often bombarded the town from there. In February 1992, a statue of the Serb scientist Nikola Tesla in downtown Gospić was destroyed in an explosion. The perpetrators were never apprehended. The town was the site of the Gospić massacre, where between 100-120 predominantly Serb civilians were killed by Croatian military units. Control of the area finally devolved to the Croatian government with the success of Operation Storm in August 1995.

Gospic is also the site of one of the regional branches of the Croatian State Archives, the Državni arhiv Gospić, at Kaniška 17. It was founded 30 September 1999 and officially opened 1 September 2000 in a renovated building and now houses historical documents of relevance to the Lika-Senj region which were formerly housed in the Regional Archive at Karlovac. In 2013, Croatian Prime Minister Zoran Milanović urged the town's authorities to allow for a replica of the Tesla statue that had been destroyed in 1992 to be reinstated. The mayor of Gospić, Nikola Kolić, refused to give his approval for such a move and instead vowed to erect a statue of wartime Croatian President Franjo Tuđman on the spot where the Tesla statue had once stood.

People

* Šime Starčević, priest and linguist
* Josip Filipović, Austro-Hungarian general
* Ante Starčević, politician and writer
* Ferdinand Kovačević, engineer and inventor
* Nikola Tesla, scientist and inventor
* Miroslav Kraljević, painter
* Marko Orešković, Partisan and People's Hero of Yugoslavia
* Kata Pejnović, feminist and politician
* Edo Kovačević, artist
* Milan Mandarić, businessman
* Josip Čorak, wrestler
* Nikica Valentić, politician
* Darko Milinović, gynecologist and politician

Gallery

File:Ante Starcevic Platz in Gospic.JPG, Ante Starčević Square
File:Defender´s Memorial in Gospic.JPG, Defenders memorial
File:Nikola Tesla Smiljan 04.jpg, Nikola Tesla Memorial Center in the nearby village of Smiljan
File:Gospić, katedrala Navještenja blažene Djevice Marije.jpg, Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary cathedral
File:Gospić fontana.jpg, Vila Velebita Fountain
File:Poprsje kardinala Stepinca u Gospiću.jpg, Cardinal Alojzije Stepinac bust in city park
File:Kolakovac.jpg, Kolakovac park
File:Gospić, središte - kafić.jpg, Coffeehouse in the town centre
File:Gospić - kip Nikole Tesle.jpg, Nikola Tesla statue
File:Poprsje pape Ivana Pavla II. u Gospiću.2.jpg, Pope John Paul II bust

Climate

Gospić has a humid continental climate, Dfb by Köppen climate classification, with mean temperatures varying from in January to in July. Being situated higher than above sea level, the area experiences high diurnal ranges, especially in summer, and frost has been recorded in every month except for July. The record low and high temperatures are and , respectively. Gospić is also quite a rainy city, with a slight summer minimum, but it experiences plentiful precipitation all year long, with the maximum being in autumn. During winter, Gospić can get strong blizzards, with on average 5.1 days a year when more than falls, and 16.1 days when more than falls. Its record snow cover was , and it was measured in February 1916.

Demographics

See also

* Roman Catholic Diocese of Gospić-Senj
* Nikola Tesla Memorial Center

References

External links

City of Gospić
(Croatian)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gospic

Cities and towns in Croatia
Populated places in Lika-Senj County
13th-century establishments in Croatia
1263 establishments in Europe