The ''Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars'' (, English ) is a

star catalogue A star catalogue is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years ...

listing stars located within 25

parsec The parsec (symbol: pc) is a unit of length used to measure the large distances to astronomical objects outside the Solar System, approximately equal to or (au), i.e. . The parsec unit is obtained by the use of parallax and trigonometry, an ...

s (81.54 ly) of the

Sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core. The Sun radiates this energy mainly as light, ultraviolet, and infrared radi ...

First edition and supplements

In 1957

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

astronomer Wilhelm Gliese published his first

of 915 known

stars A star is an astronomical object comprising a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night, but their immense distances from Earth ma ...

within of

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's sur ...

, listing their known properties and ordered geographically by

right ascension Right ascension (abbreviated RA; symbol ) is the angular distance of a particular point measured eastward along the celestial equator from the Sun at the March equinox to the ( hour circle of the) point in question above the earth. When pair ...

. Stars in the first catalogue are designated by coding ''GL NNN'', the N representing the consecutive integer number based on this order. Gliese published an update as the ''Catalogue of Nearby Stars'' in 1969, all known stars to , which catalogued 1,529 stars, encoded as ''Gl NNN.NA'' (prefix Gl and the entries of twelve years before gained a .0 affix; the more than 500 additional stars were recorded using interspersed 0.1, 0.2 etc. numbering). This list therefore numbered from 1.0 to 915.0 as no stars were entered after 915.0. and retained a strict

order. A Supplement published in 1970 by

Richard van der Riet Woolley Sir Richard van der Riet Woolley OBE FRS (24 April 1906 – 24 December 1986) was an English astronomer who became the eleventh Astronomer Royal. His mother's maiden name was Van der Riet. Biography Woolley was born in Weymouth, Dorse ...

and associates, extended the range out to . This supplement added catalogue numbers in the range 9001–9850 using the now

deprecated In several fields, especially computing, deprecation is the discouragement of use of some terminology, feature, design, or practice, typically because it has been superseded or is no longer considered efficient or safe, without completely removing ...

''Wo'' prefix, sharing today the ''GJ'' prefix given to the later series of the catalogues.

Succeeding editions

Gliese published an extension to the second edition of the catalogue in 1979 in collaboration with

Hartmut Jahreiß Hartmut Jahreiß (born 1942) is a German astronomer associated with Astronomisches Rechen-Institut specializing in the study of nearby stars. Work Hartmut Jahreiß obtained his Ph.D from the University of Heidelberg. His thesis was on the spati ...

. The combined catalogue is now commonly referred to as the ''Gliese–Jahreiß'' (GJ) catalog. This catalogue was published with two tables: Table 1 uses the designations ''GJ NNNN'' for entries numbered 1000–1294 for confirmed nearby stars; Table 2 uses the designations ''GJ NNNN'' for entries numbered 2001–2159 for suspected nearby stars. Since the publication of this catalogue all of the stars in the combined catalogue and succeeding supplements are designated by the preferred ''GJ'' prefix. Gliese published the ''Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars'' (CNS3) in 1991, again in collaboration with Hartmut Jahreiß; the list now containing information on more than 3,800 stars. Although this catalogue is designated as preliminary it is still the one in current use. This catalogue lists a total of 3,803 stars. Most of these stars already had ''GJ'' numbers, but there were also 1,388 stars which were not numbered. As no final version has been forthcoming, the need to give these 1,388 some name has resulted in them being numbered 3001–4388 (''NN'' numbers, for "no name"), and data files of this catalogue now usually include these numbers, although they are not frequently used. An online-only version of the Catalogue of Nearby Stars made by Hartmut Jahreiß in 1998 is available from the

Astronomisches Rechen-Institut The Astronomical Calculation Institute (german: Astronomisches Rechen-Institut; ARI) is a research institute in Heidelberg, Germany, dating from the 1700s. Beginning in 2005, the ARI became part of the Center for Astronomy at Heidelberg Univers ...

, Heidelberg as ARICNS. The different versions of the catalogue reflect the change in the medium of publication from printed to electronic, the format of most other large catalogues. A nearly full update to these catalogs was published in 2010. This update provided revised J2000, epoch 2000 coordinates cross-matched with

2MASS The Two Micron All-Sky Survey, or 2MASS, was an astronomical survey of the whole sky in infrared light. It took place between 1997 and 2001, in two different locations: at the U.S. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, and ...

sources where possible. In 2022, the fifth Catalogue of Nearby Stars (CNS5) was published, adding designations from GJ 10001 to GJ 13461. Catalogue can be accesse
here

References

{{reflist, 25em

External links

Gliese catalog at Heidelberg University
Astronomical catalogues of stars de:Sternkatalog#Gliese (Gl) und Gliese-Jahreiß (GJ)

First edition and supplements

Succeeding editions

See also

References

External links