Geiger Engineers is an American

structural engineering Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are trained to design the 'bones and muscles' that create the form and shape of man-made structures. Structural engineers also must understand and cal ...

consulting firm located northwest of

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...

. Founded in 1988 by David H. Geiger, Paul A. Gossen, David D. Chen, David M. Campbell, and Mike Liao, the company has worked on large projects throughout the world. Building from a solid foundation in long span and

tensile membrane structure A tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending. The term ''tensile'' should not be confused with tensegrity, which is a structural form with both tension and compression elements. Tensile st ...

s, Geiger Engineers has branched out over the years into a range of specialties from designing sports facilities to providing engineering services for the entertainment industry. Recent high-profile projects include the new roof on the JMA Dome (formerly the Carrier Dome) at Syracuse University, winner of NCSEA's 2021 Excellence in Structural Engineering Award for Forensic/Renovation/Retrofit/Rehabilitation Structures over $20 Million; the Credit One Stadium renovations, new Stage House and canopy; the USTA's

Louis Armstrong Stadium Louis Armstrong Stadium is a 14,000-seat tennis stadium at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City, one of the venues of the US Open. It opened for the 2018 US Open as a replacement for the 1978 stadium of the same n ...

which was a finalist in the SEAoNY 2020 Excellence in Structural Engineering (EiSE) Awards; and Ariens Hill at Titletown, winner of the ASLA 2019 Wisconsin Award and the

AIA AIA or A.I.A. or Aia may refer to: Aia * Aia, a small town in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa, Spain * Aia, current Kutaisi, ancient capital of Colchis * Aia, another name for Aea (Malis), an ancient town in Greece * ''Aia'', the collected ed ...

2018 Michigan Building Award, among others. In addition to providing a wide range of engineering services, Geiger Engineers remains involved in industry innovations. For example, Tensotherm (trademark) - a composite fabric insulated with Lumira aerogel - was developed by Cabot Corporation, Birdair, and Geiger Engineers. In 2008 it was used for the first time on the Dedmon Athletic Center’s new roof. More recently, Geiger developed a nonlinear bearing for large moveable structures such as retractable roofs. This now patented nonlinear bearing is an improvement on the commonly used linear bearing in that it can combine rotation and translation in varying ways, giving structural designers greater flexibility.

History

In 1968 while

David Geiger David H. Geiger (1935 – October 3, 1989) was an American engineer who invented the air-supported fabric roof system that at the time of his death was in use at almost half the domed stadiums in the world. Geiger was born in Philadelphia, Pennsy ...

was an adjunct professor at Columbia University with a part-time practice, he was contacted by Davis-Brody, a New York architectural firm. With their design of a 30-story tall, air-supported

fabric structure A fabric structure is a structure made of fabric, with or without a structural frame. The technology provides end users a variety of aesthetic free-form building designs. Custom-made structures are engineered and fabricated to meet worldwide struc ...

, Davis-Brody had won the design competition for the U.S. exhibition hall at

Expo '70 The or Expo 70 was a world's fair held in Suita, Osaka Prefecture, Japan between March 15 and September 13, 1970. Its theme was "Progress and Harmony for Mankind." In Japanese, Expo '70 is often referred to as . It was the first world's fair ...

in Osaka, Japan. They needed a structural engineer with the expertise to implement their design and they turned to Dr. Geiger. In order to meet the lower than expected budget passed by Congress, Geiger changed the design and invented the low profile cable-restrained air-supported roof. The success of the Osaka Pavilion led to a surge in the design and construction of air-supported roofs. After Osaka,

Horst Berger Horst Berger (1928-2019)Gretchen (Gay) Smart Berger
friendsjournal.org was a s ...

joined Geiger and their firm became Geiger Berger Associates which remained central to the new-found interest in utilizing air-supported roofs. Eight stadia were built with air-supported roofs in the U.S. during the 1970s and early 1980s with Geiger Berger Associates as the structural engineers for all of them. As important as the air-supported roof projects, was Geiger Berger's work in pioneering long-span cable, tensile membrane, and

tensegrity Tensegrity, tensional integrity or floating compression is a structural principle based on a system of isolated components under compression inside a network of continuous tension, and arranged in such a way that the compressed members (usua ...

structures. Among the notable structures engineered by Geiger Berger are the tensile membrane Hajj Terminal which in 2010 won the

25-Year Award; the first tensegrity type dome which was built for the Olympic Gymnastics Venue in Seoul, Korea; and the world's first translucent insulated fabric roof for the Talisman Centre (now the MNP Community & Sport Centre), in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. In addition, Geiger Berger was involved in the development of structural fabric materials such as Teflon PTFE coated fiberglass. By the early 1980s, the partnership between David Geiger and Horst Berger began to break apart and in 1983 Geiger Berger Associates again became Geiger Associates upon the departure of Berger. Geiger Associates was bought by KKBN in 1986. In 1988, the year before he died, David Geiger and his associates Kris Hamilton, David Chen, Paul Gossen, David Campbell, and Mike Liao founded Geiger Engineers with a group of other former colleagues from Geiger Associates.

Notable projects

Carrier Dome - New Roof 2021 (Jimhoward03)

2019 USTA NTC Court 4 and Ashe at sunset

Sports facilities and convention centers

*New

USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center The USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center is a stadium complex within Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City, United States. It has been the home of the US Open Grand Slam tennis tournament, played every year in August ...

, Queens, New York, U.S. *

U.S. Bank Stadium U.S. Bank Stadium is an enclosed stadium located in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota. Built on the former site of the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, the indoor stadium opened in 2016 and is the home of the Minnesota Vikings of the National Footbal ...

- Snow Catchment Walls, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. * Flushing Meadows-Corona Park Pool and Rink, Queens, New York, U.S. *

TD Arena TD Arena is a 5,100 seat multi-purpose arena in Charleston, South Carolina, United States that opened in 2008 and replaced John Kresse Arena as the home of the College of Charleston Cougars basketball and volleyball teams. The South Financial G ...

College of Charleston The College of Charleston (CofC or Charleston) is a public university in Charleston, South Carolina. Founded in 1770 and chartered in 1785, it is the oldest university in South Carolina, the 13th oldest institution of higher learning in the Unit ...

, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. *Athletic and Wellness Center, SUNY at New Paltz, New Paltz, New York, U.S. * Resch Center Arena, Green Bay, Wisconsin, U.S. *

Xcel Energy Center Xcel Energy Center (also known as "The X") is a multipurpose arena in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Completed in 2000, it is named for its locally based corporate sponsor Xcel Energy. With an official capacity of 17,954, the arena has four ...

, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S. *

PNC Arena PNC Arena (originally Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena and formerly the RBC Center) is an indoor arena located in Raleigh, North Carolina. The arena seats 18,680 for ice hockey and 19,722 for basketball, including 61 suites, 13 loge boxes a ...

, Raleigh, NC, U.S. *

Simmons Bank Arena Simmons Bank Arena (previously Verizon Arena and Alltel Arena) is an 18,000-seat multi-purpose arena in North Little Rock, Arkansas, directly across the Arkansas River from downtown Little Rock. Opened in October 1999, it is the main entertainme ...

(formerly Verizon Arena and Alltel Arena), Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S. *

Bon Secours Wellness Arena Bon Secours Wellness Arena (formerly the BI-LO Center; The Well) is a multi-purpose arena in Greenville, South Carolina. The arena serves as the home of the Greenville Swamp Rabbits of the ECHL. History The Bon Secours Wellness Arena was built ...

(formerly the Bi-Lo Center), Greenville, South Carolina, U.S. *

Icahn Stadium Icahn Stadium is a 5,000 seat track and field and multipurpose facility located on Randalls Island in Manhattan, New York City. Designed within the former site of Downing Stadium, it opened on April 23, 2005. Icahn Stadium is named after Ame ...

, Randall's Island, New York, New York, U.S. *Myao Li Arena, Myao Li County, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Renovations and expansions

Credit One Stadium Credit One Stadium is a tennis stadium located within the Family Circle Tennis Center tennis complex on Daniel Island in Charleston, South Carolina. Built in 2001, the Family Circle Tennis Center has 17 courts, including the 10,200-seat main st ...

, New Stage House with Canopy, Additional Seating, New Entrance; Daniel Island, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. * JMA Dome (formerly Carrier Dome), New Roof, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, U.S. *

Arthur Ashe Stadium Arthur Ashe Stadium is a tennis stadium at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City. Part of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, it is the main stadium of the US Open tennis tournament and has a capacity of 23,771, ...

, New Retractable Roof,

, Queens, New York, U.S. *

BC Place BC Place is a multi-purpose stadium in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Located at the north side of False Creek, it is owned and operated by the BC Pavilion Corporation (PavCo), a crown corporation of the province. The venue is currently ...

Stadium Revitalization, New Roof,

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

, Canada *

Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome The Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (commonly called the Metrodome) was a domed sports stadium located in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota. It opened in 1982 as a replacement for Metropolitan Stadium, the former home of the National Football League ...

Roof Replacement, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. * Canada Harbour Place, Fabric Roof Replacement, British Columbia Trade & Convention Centre,

, Canada *

Dedmon Center Dedmon Center is a 3,800-seat multi-purpose arena in Radford, Virginia. Construction started in 1979 and finished in 1981. A natatorium featuring an eight-lane olympic-size pool with a diving well was added in 1987. The Dedmon Center is home to ...

Roof Replacement, Radford University, Radford, Virginia, U.S. *

Littlejohn Coliseum The Littlejohn Coliseum is a 9,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Clemson, South Carolina, United States. It is home to the Clemson University Tigers men's and women's basketball teams. It is also the site of Clemson graduations and the Clemson C ...

Renovation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, U.S. *Purcell Pavilion at the

Joyce Center The Joyce Center, formerly the Athletic & Convocation Center, is a 9,149-seat multi-purpose arena in Notre Dame, Indiana just north of South Bend. The arena opened its doors in 1968. It is home to the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish baske ...

, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, U.S. *

USTA National Tennis Center The USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center is a stadium complex within Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City, United States. It has been the home of the US Open Grand Slam tennis tournament, played every year in August ...

, Stadium 3 Renovation, Queens, New York, U.S.

Entertainment and recreation projects

*Brooklyn Mirage, outdoor live music venue, Brooklyn, New York, U.S. *

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...

, ''About Time: Fashion and Duration'' Installation, New York, New York, U.S. * MGM National Harbor, Seasonal Decor Installations, Oxon Hill, Maryland, U.S. *Centerhung LED Scoreboard (Main Videoboard), Golden1 Center, Sacramento, California, U.S. *Sami Family Amphitheater,

Zoo Miami The Miami-Dade Zoological Park and Gardens, also known as Zoo Miami, is a zoological park and garden near Miami and is the largest zoo in Florida. Originally established in 1948 at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Zoo Miami relocated in 1980 as M ...

, Miami, Florida, U.S. * Lyric Theater, modular stage apron, New York, New York, U.S. * Marvel Experience, touring interactive show in air-inflated domes, various cities, U.S. *NBC's Million Second Quiz, prime-time outdoor stage structure and set, New York, New York, U.S. *150th Cinco de Mayo Celebration outdoor stage and set, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico *Halo for 2011 Pan American Games Opening Ceremonies, Omnilife Stadium, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico * Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark, New York, New York, U.S. *Stage Lifts, Le Rêve's "aqua" theater, Wynn Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. *Aria Pool Deck Structures,

Aria Resort & Casino Aria Resort and Casino is a luxury resort and casino, part of the CityCenter complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. Aria consists of two curved glass and steel highrise towers adjoined at the center. It opened on December 16, 2009 a ...

, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. *Conference Table in the Sky, Butler Amusements, Fairfield, California, U.S. *Large onstage tilting turntable for

LA Opera The Los Angeles Opera is an American opera company in Los Angeles, California. It is the fourth-largest opera company in the United States. The company's home base is the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, part of the Los Angeles Music Center. Leaders ...

, Los Angeles, California, U.S. *

Wrestlemania XXVI WrestleMania XXVI (also written as WrestleMania 26) was the 26th annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDo ...

, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S. *

Wrestlemania XXIV WrestleMania XXIV was the 24th annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brand divisions. The ev ...

, Orlando, Florida, U.S.

Tensile Membrane

Allianz Field Allianz Field is a soccer-specific stadium in Saint Paul, Minnesota, home to Minnesota United FC of Major League Soccer (MLS). Opening in 2019, the 19,400-seat stadium was designed by Populous, during the club's third MLS season. It is locate ...

, Fabric Facade, Saint Paul, Minnesota *Memorial Square at Meridian Place, Stage Canopy,

Barrie Barrie is a city in Southern Ontario, Canada, about north of Toronto. The city is within Simcoe County and located along the shores of Kempenfelt Bay, the western arm of Lake Simcoe. Although physically in Simcoe County, Barrie is politically ...

Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central C ...

, Canada * Honolulu Rail Transit (HART), Station Canopies, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. *

Raleigh-Durham International Airport The Research Triangle, or simply The Triangle, are both common nicknames for a metropolitan area in the Piedmont region of North Carolina in the United States, anchored by the cities of Raleigh and Durham and the town of Chapel Hill, home to th ...

, Parking Structures, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S. *

Jacobs Pavilion Jacobs Pavilion (originally Nautica Stage, later Scene Pavilion, The Plain Dealer Pavilion and Nautica Pavilion) is an open-air amphitheater located on the west bank of The Flats in Cleveland, Ohio. The venue is part of the Nautica Entertainment C ...

, Nautica Entertainment Complex, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. *Florida Festival Seaworld (as Geiger Berger Associates), Orlando, Florida, U.S. *Gran Telescopio Milimetrico ''Alfonso Serrano'', Cupula Rotatario, Cerro La Negra, Puebla, Mexico * Hajj Terminal at New Jeddah International Airport (as Geiger Berger Associates), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia *Ja-Yi Sports Gymnasium, Ja-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C. * Canada Harbour Place, Exhibit Hall Roof, British Columbia Trade & Convention Centre (as Geiger Associates, Ltd), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada * 2002 World Cup Main Stadium, Seoul, Korea *

Dean Smith Center The Dean E. Smith Student Activities Center (commonly known as the Dean Smith Center, Smith Center, or the Dean Dome) is a multi-purpose arena in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, used primarily as the home for the University of North Carolina at Ch ...

, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.

Domes (primarily as Geiger Berger Associates)

1988 Summer Olympics The 1988 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad () and commonly known as Seoul 1988 ( ko, 서울 1988, Seoul Cheon gubaek palsip-pal), was an international multi-sport event held from 17 September to 2 October ...

venues in

Seoul, Korea Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...

Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium located in the Olympic Park area of Seoul, South Korea. It was constructed between August 1984 and April 1986, and hosted the weightlifting at the 1986 Asian Games and two years later the same sport at 1988 Summer ...

Olympic Fencing Gymnasium SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium () is an indoor sporting arena located at the Olympic Park in Bangi-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea. The arena was built from September 1984 to April 1986. History It was known as the Olympic Fencing Gymnasi ...

(renamed the SK Olympic Handball Gymnasium in 2012) :*

Olympic Gymnastics Arena The Olympic Gymnastics Arena (), also known as the KSPO Dome since 2018, is an indoor arena located within the Olympic Park in Seoul, South Korea. It has a capacity of 15,000 and can be extended upto 20,000. It was constructed between 31 Aug ...

, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada *

JMA Wireless Dome The JMA Wireless Dome, originally the Carrier Dome (1980–2022) and colloquially called "The Dome," or more recently "The JMA Dome," is a domed sports stadium in Syracuse, New York. Located on the campus of Syracuse University in the University ...

(formerly the Carrier Dome), Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, U.S. *

, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. *

MNP Community & Sport Centre MNP Community & Sport Centre, formerly known as the Repsol Sport Centre, Talisman Centre and Lindsay Park Sports Centre, is a multi-sports complex in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The name of the facility was changed in March 2002, after the City of ...

(originally the Lindsay Park Sports Centre),

Calgary, Alberta Calgary ( ) is the largest city in the western Canadian province of Alberta and the largest metro area of the three Prairie Provinces. As of 2021, the city proper had a population of 1,306,784 and a metropolitan population of 1,481,806, makin ...

, Canada * RCA Dome (originally the Hoosier Dome), Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. *

Redbird Arena CEFCU Arena, formerly known as Redbird Arena, is a 10,200-seat multi-purpose arena located in Normal, Illinois, on the campus of Illinois State University. Built in 1989, the building is notable for its use of a Teflon-coated roof that gives off ...

, Normal, Illinois, U.S. *

UNI-Dome UNI-Dome (pronounced "YOU-nih-dome") is a multi-purpose stadium, on the campus of the University of Northern Iowa, in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. It opened in 1976, as the home of the UNI Panthers basketball and football teams. The facili ...

, Cedar Falls, Iowa, U.S. *

Pontiac Silverdome The Pontiac Silverdome (also known simply as the Silverdome) was a stadium in Pontiac, Michigan. It opened in 1975 and sat on 199 acres (51 ha) of land. When the stadium opened, it featured a fiberglass fabric roof held up by air pressure, ...

, Pontiac, Michigan, U.S. * Stephen C. O'Connell Center or the O'Dome, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S. *

Tokyo Dome is an indoor stadium in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. It was designed as a baseball stadium following its predecessor, Korakuen Stadium. Construction on the stadium began on May 16, 1985, and it opened on March 17, 1988. It was built on the site of th ...

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...

, Japan *

Tropicana Field Tropicana Field (commonly known as the Trop) is a multi-purpose domed stadium located in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. The stadium has been the home of the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball (MLB) since the team's inaugural sea ...

(originally the Florida Suncoast Dome), St. Petersburg, Florida, U.S.

Gallery

File:Glass Animals - Brooklyn Mirage 2022 09.jpg, Brooklyn Mirage, Brooklyn, NY (Photo: Legoktm) File:Ariens Hill (summer).jpg, Ariens Hill,

Titletown District The Titletown District, also known as the Titletown Entertainment District or simply Titletown, is a mixed-use development located on of land adjacent to Lambeau Field in Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin. The district, which opened in 2017, was developed ...

, Greenbay, WI (Photo: Wilsome429) File:Athletic and Wellness Center at SUNY New Paltz.JPG, Athletic and Wellness Center at SUNY New Paltz, New Paltz, NY (Photo: crz4mets2) File:Keoneae Station Building 2022-07-02.jpg,

Honolulu Rail Transit The Honolulu Rail Transit Project (also known as the Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project) is a light metro system under construction in Honolulu County, Hawaii, U.S. The mostly elevated system features design elements from both heav ...

Keoneae Station fabric canopies, Honolulu, HI (Photo: Musashi1600) File:BonSecoursArenaGRN.jpg,

, Greenville, SC (Photo: Excel23) Image:ReschCenterEntrance.jpg,

Resch Center The Resch Center is a 10,200-seat multi-purpose arena, in Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin, United States built in 2002. It is the home of the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay Phoenix men's basketball team, the Green Bay Gamblers ice hockey tea ...

(Photo: Royalbroil) Image:XcelEnergyCenteroverview.jpg,

File:Icahnstadium1.JPG,

(Photo: Tom Paliswiat) File:Thomson Reuters LED screens.JPG, LED screens at

3 Times Square 3 Times Square, also known as the Thomson Reuters Building, is a 30-story skyscraper at Times Square in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Located on Seventh Avenue between 42nd and 43rd Street, the building measures to ...

File:Breeze Cafe Interior.jpg, Breeze Cafe on the Pool Deck, The

File:Security.jpg, Pool Deck Security Kiosk, The

File:MGM Conserv2.jpg, MGM National Harbor Conservatory with Autumn Decor File:MGM Macau (26592975456).jpg, MGM Macau Conservatory with Spring Decor (Photo: Melv_L - MACASR) File:Slide the City 2015, NYC.JPG,

Slide the City Slide the City was a Slip 'N Slide water party event provider. Slide the City events took place in more than 200 cities around the world including, Salt Lake City, Hong Kong, Vancouver, Arizona, and Cape Town. The main attraction of the events wa ...

at NYC Summer Streets 2015, 2016, & 2017 File:Million Second Quiz outdoor stage2.JPG, NBC's Million Second Quiz stage under construction File:Cuyahoga River in downtown Cleveland, Ohio.jpg, Jacobs Pavilion at Nautica Entertainment Complex (Photo: Decumanus) File:Metrodome with new roof.jpg,

Metrodome The Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (commonly called the Metrodome) was a domed sports stadium located in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota. It opened in 1982 as a replacement for Metropolitan Stadium, the former home of the National Football League' ...

Image:Indianapolis-indiana-rca-dome.jpg, RCA Dome Image:Where Is Everyone?.jpg,

Silverdome The Pontiac Silverdome (also known simply as the Silverdome) was a stadium in Pontiac, Michigan. It opened in 1975 and sat on 199 acres (51 ha) of land. When the stadium opened, it featured a fiberglass fabric roof held up by air pressure, ...

(Photo: Dave Hogg, Royal Oak, MI, USA) Image:Dsg UF O Dome 20050507.jpg,

O'Connell Center The Stephen C. O'Connell Center, also known as the O'Dome, is a 10,500-seat multi-purpose arena located on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida. The facility is named for the sixth president of the university, Stephen C. O' ...

(Photo: DouglasGreen) Image:Tokyo Dome 2015.jpg,

(Photo: IQRemix)

Notes

{{reflist

External links

Geiger Engineers company website
Engineering companies of the United States Engineering consulting firms Companies based in New York (state) Design companies established in 1988