Garachi

The Garachi ( az, Qaraçı; ku, Qereçî; russian: Карачи), also spelled Karachi or Karaci, are a group of the Dom people living in Azerbaijan and Turkey, mostly in the Citys Diyarbakır, Niğde and Birecik. Little research has been done on the Garachi, and most of what is known about them is based on the works of the 19th-century Russian scholars Kerope Patkanov and Jean-Marie Chopin.

The term ''Garachi'' is sometimes used to describe the Domari-speaking people of northern Iran, The confusion is explained by the fact that both groups live in the regions populated mostly by Azeri-speakers who apply the word ''Garachi'' to medieval collective migrants from Karachi from Sindh

Origins and history

In Turkey at Diyarbakır, the Karaçi said, their Ancestors once came from Karachi from Sindh.

Even though the Garachi of Azerbaijan and Turkey call themselves ''Dom'' (the name ''Garachi'' was given to them by the local population and derives from the Azeri word ''qara'' - "black" and the suffix ''-çı'' denoting the stem-word's function/occupation), they do not seem to share same origins with the Dom people. According to Jean-Marie Chopin, the Azerbaijani Garachi descend from the medieval Romani nomads of Central Asia. In 1944, Vasily Yan suggested that the Garachi of Azerbaijan and the Dom of Iran (sometimes referred to as the Garachi) differ in terms of their origins.

In 1887, Kerope Patkanov stated that the Garachi of the South Caucasus (then part of the Russian Empire) numbered 2,399 people living mostly in the Goychay uyezd (present-day Goychay District, Goychay, Ujar District, Ujar, Agsu District, Agsu, and Ismayilli District, Ismayilli districts of Azerbaijan) and Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Nakhchivan. The largest Garachi settlement was named after them and is situated around 4 km southeast of Khacmaz town in Khachmaz District, Khachmaz region.

Their main occupation was the production of household items such as baskets, sieves and chewing gum made by men and sold by women in the neighbouring towns. Among other sources of income Patkanov lists fortune-telling and cattle larceny. Nomadic Garachi groups used to train animals and make street song-and-dance performances. This practice was described in the famous 1913 story ''Garaja giz'' by the Azeri writer Suleyman Sani Akhundov.Qaraca Qiz
by Suleyman Sani Akhundov (full text) The Garachi claim to adhere to Shia Islam but in reality are non-religious for the most part.

Language

Patkanov's analysis of the language of the Garachi (based on 101 common phrases) indicated that despite being Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan, it is not mutually intelligible with any of the Romani language, Romani or Domari language, Domari dialects of the Balkans, Russia, or the Middle East. In addition to it, the Garachi observed by Patkanov spoke Azeri and sometimes Tat language (Caucasus), Tat as a second and third language respectively.

Here are four phrases in Garachi and Romani languages with translation.

Present-day

Most Garachis nowadays are settled and live in communities in Yevlakh, Agdash, Azerbaijan, Agdash, Gakh, Khachmaz (city), Khachmaz and Baku suburbs numbering altogether around 2,000 people. Small communities in Shusha and Jabrayil were driven out by the Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh WarOur Romani Neighbours
by Kamal Ali. ''Echo''. 30 December 2006. Retrieved 29 April 2007. Nowadays the Garachi are undergoing cultural and linguistic assimilation by Azeris. Modern Garachi couples tend to have 2 to 3 children as opposed to 5 and above, as it was often the case throughout their history.

References

External links

Marushiakova, Elena and Vesselin Popov. 2016. Gypsies of Central Asia and Caucasus. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

{{Romani diaspora

Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan
Romani groups
Romani in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani words and phrases

az:Qaraçılar