Gagny () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. It is located from the center of Paris.

Geography

Location

Gagny is located 10 km to the east of Paris. Until the law of 10 July 1964, the commune was part of the department of

Seine-et-Oise Seine-et-Oise () was the former department of France encompassing the western, northern and southern parts of the metropolitan area of Paris.Seine ) , mouth_location = Le Havre/ Honfleur , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = Seine basin , basin_size = , tributaries_left = Yonne, Loing, Eure, Risle , tributa ...

and Seine-et-Oise then made this commune a part of Seine-Saint-Denis after an administrative transfer that went into effect 1 January 1968.

History

The priory was founded in the 11th century by Adela of Champagne. Gagny was the fiefdom of Étienne de Gagny, husband of Béatrice de Montfermeil in the 13th century. The priory lasted until 1771, the date de its suppression by the religious authority. Gagny had several castles, of which the most important, demolished in 1765, belonged to Dominique de Ferrari, Maître d'hôtel ordinaire of the king in 1660. In this park can be found the Saint-Fiacre spring, which supplied water to the park of

Raincy Le Raincy () is a prestigious commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Le Raincy is a subprefecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Le Raincy. Its popul ...

at the end of 18th century. The castle of Maison-Rouge, in the

Louis XIII Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crow ...

style, was successively the property of Hocquart, marquis of Montfermeil, then in 1845, it belonged to

Louis-Philippe Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wa ...

, then in 1864 to Michel-Victor Cruchet, a sculptor and artisan from Paris. In 1894, some time after the death of his wife, Michel-Victor Cruchet and his two children sold the Maison Rouge estate to the religious community of the Redemptorists. The Redemptorists then set up a convent there. It was then bought in 1913 by the Boué sisters, dressmakers of renown. Upon the death of the second sister, in 1953, it was acquired by the city. It was devastated at the end of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, and the castle was demolished in 1955. During the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

, the church, after being shut down, was transformed into a Temple of Reason. Gagny was occupied by Allied troops during 1814–1815, then by the Prussians during the siege of Paris of 1870. On 20 May 1869, a small part of the territory of Gagny was detached and merged with a part of the territory of Livry-Gargan and a part of the territory of Clichy-sous-Bois to create the commune of Le Raincy. During the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

(1914-1918), the taxis requisitioned by Paris and its suburbs assembled in front of city hall. They were charged with taking soldiers to the Front (close to Nanteuil-le-Haudouin) for repulsing the German offensive.

Politics

Administrative and Electoral Unification

Until the law of 10 July 1964, the commune was part of the department of Seine-et-Oisne. After the redivision of the old departments of

Seine ) , mouth_location = Le Havre/ Honfleur , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = Seine basin , basin_size = , tributaries_left = Yonne, Loing, Eure, Risle , tributa ...

and Seine-et-Oisne, the commune belonged to

Seine-Saint-Denis () is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as ' or ' ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobig ...

. The transfer was put into effect 1 January 1968. The commune is part of the canton of Gagny.

Twin towns

In 1974, Gagny became twinned with the English towns of Sutton and

Bishop Auckland Bishop Auckland () is a market town and civil parish at the confluence of the River Wear and the River Gaunless in County Durham, northern England. It is northwest of Darlington and southwest of Durham. Much of the town's early history surr ...

. In 1978, Gagny became twinned with

Gladsaxe Gladsaxe Kommune is a municipality (Danish, '' kommune'') near Copenhagen in Region Hovedstaden on the island of Zealand (''Sjælland'') in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of , and has a total population of 69,681 (2019). Its ma ...

, Denmark.

Heraldry

Transport

Gagny is served by two stations on Paris RER line E: Gagny and Le Chénay – Gagny. The city is also serviced by several bus lines. Additionally, a municipal shuttle is available for travelers. It follows two routes : the first services the southern part of the community, and the second services the north.

Population and Society

Demographics

In 2017, the commune recorded 39,358 inhabitants.

Education

Public primary schools in the commune include: * 9 preschools/nurseries (''maternelles'')écoles maternelles
" Gagny. Retrieved on September 8, 2016. * 9 elementary schoolsécoles élémentaires
" Gagny. Retrieved on September 8, 2016. Public secondary schools in the commune include:collèges et lycées
" Gagny. Retrieved on September 8, 2016. * Junior high schools (''collèges''):

Madame de Sévigné Madame may refer to: * Madam, civility title or form of address for women, derived from the French * Madam (prostitution), a term for a woman who is engaged in the business of procuring prostitutes, usually the manager of a brothel * ''Madame'' ...

Pablo Neruda Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (12 July 1904 – 23 September 1973), better known by his pen name and, later, legal name Pablo Neruda (; ), was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. Nerud ...

Théodore Monod Théodore André Monod (9 April 1902 – 22 November 2000) was a French naturalist, humanist, scholar and explorer. Exploration Early in his career, Monod was made professor at the '' Muséum national d'histoire naturelle'' and founded the '' Ins ...

* Senior high schools/sixth form colleges: Lycée Gustave Eiffel, Lycée Jean-Baptiste Clément Private schools in the commune include: * Ecole Sainte Jeanne d'Arc and Association Merkaz Hatorah (preschools and elementary schools).

Religion

Gagny is home to a number of religious groups, including Catholics, Jews, Muslims, Orthodox, and Protestants.

Catholic churches

* Église Sainte-Thérèse de Gagny * Église Saint-Germain de Gagny * Église Sainte-Bernadette de Gagny (parish church)

Synagogues

* Synagogue of Raincy-Villemomble-Gagny * Community of Merkaz Hatorah

Mosques

* Association alqalam des Dahlias * Association As-Salam * Association ABCG These three organizations are united by the Union of Associated Muslims of Gagny.

Orthodox churches

* Saint-Séraphin de Saroy

Protestant churches

The Protestant community linked to the Reformed Church of France has a place of worship.

Economy

On the border of

, old quarries where

gypsum Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula . It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, blackboard or sidewalk chalk, and drywa ...

was removed since the seventeenth century are still visible. The exploitation of fine plaster, known as "Paris," was the main Gabonese industry until the 1950s. The old Mussat quarries closed down in 1965. By the end of the nineteenth century, in certain abandoned quarries, mushrooms were already being grown in Paris. The former gypsum quarries of Gagny were replaced by a large shopping center project, which itself was replaced by the wood of the star, a plantation of trees.

References

External links

Official website
(in French) {{Authority control Communes of Seine-Saint-Denis Seine-Saint-Denis communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia