Gadiformes are an order of
ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species.
The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...
, also called the Anacanthini, that includes the
cod. Many major food fish are in this order. They are found in marine waters throughout the world and the vast majority of the species are found in
temperate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout ...
or colder regions (tropical species are typically deep-water). A few species may enter
estuaries
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environme ...
but only one, the
burbot
The burbot (''Lota lota'') is the only gadiform (cod-like) freshwater fish. It is also known as bubbot, mariah, loche, cusk, freshwater cod, freshwater ling, freshwater cusk, the lawyer, coney-fish, lingcod, and eelpout. The species is closely ...
(''Lota lota''), is a freshwater fish.
Common characteristics include the positioning of the
pelvic fin
Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral surface of fish. The paired pelvic fins are homologous to the hindlimbs of tetrapods.
Structure and function Structure
In actinopterygians, the pelvic fin consists of two ...
s (if present), below or in front of the
pectoral fin
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as se ...
s. Gadiformes are
physoclists, which means their
swim bladder
The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth wit ...
s do not have a
pneumatic duct. The fins are spineless. Gadiform fish range in size from the
codlets, which may be as small as in adult length, to the
Atlantic cod, ''Gadus morhua'', which reaches up to .
Timeline of genera
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from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Early
Early may refer to:
History
* The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.:
** Early Christianity
** Early modern Europe
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa
* Early, Texas
* Early ...
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text: Late
from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text: Paleo.
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text: Eo.
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text: Oligo.
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text: Mio.
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Pl.
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from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.
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color:latecretaceous bar:NAM1 from: -85.8 till: -70.6 text: Rankinian
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM2 from: -83.5 till: -65.5 text: Paratichthys
color:eocene bar:NAM3 from: -55.8 till: -48.6 text: Rhinocephalus
color:eocene bar:NAM4 from: -55.8 till: -37.2 text: Trichurides
''Trichurides'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.
See also
* Prehistoric fish
* List of prehistoric bony fish
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (surname)
Organizations ...
color:eocene bar:NAM5 from: -55.8 till: -11.608 text: Palaeogadus
color:eocene bar:NAM6 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Urophycis
''Urophycis'' is a genus of Phycidae, phycid hakes.
Species
There are currently 8 recognized species in this genus:
* ''Urophycis brasiliensis'' (Johann Jakob Kaup, Kaup, 1858) (Brazilian codling) Lemes, P.C.R., Loeb, M.V., Santificetur, C. & Me ...
color:eocene bar:NAM7 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Raniceps
color:eocene bar:NAM8 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Nezumia
''Nezumia'' is a genus of rattails. The generic name derives from the Japanese 鼠 (''nezumi''), meaning "mouse".
Species
There are currently 53 recognized species in this genus:
* '' Nezumia aequalis'' ( Günther, 1878) (Common Atlantic grenad ...
color:eocene bar:NAM9 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Merluccius
color:eocene bar:NAM10 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Melanonus
color:eocene bar:NAM11 from: -48.6 till: 0 text: Bregmaceros
color:eocene bar:NAM12 from: -37.2 till: 0 text: Tripterophycis
color:eocene bar:NAM13 from: -37.2 till: 0 text: Macruronus
color:eocene bar:NAM14 from: -37.2 till: 0 text: Eulichthys
color:eocene bar:NAM15 from: -37.2 till: 0 text: Coelorhynchus
color:eocene bar:NAM16 from: -37.2 till: 0 text: Bathygadus
color:oligocene bar:NAM17 from: -33.9 till: -28.4 text: Eophycis
color:oligocene bar:NAM18 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Trachyrhinchus
color:oligocene bar:NAM19 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Squalogadus
color:oligocene bar:NAM20 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Phycis
color:oligocene bar:NAM21 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Lota Lota may refer to:
Places
* Lota (crater), a crater on Mars
* Lota, Chile, a city and commune in Chile
* Lota, Punjab, village in Pakistan
*Lota, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane, Australia
**Lota railway station, a station on the Cleveland line
* ...
color:oligocene bar:NAM22 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Hymenocephalus
color:oligocene bar:NAM23 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Gaidropsarus
''Gaidropsarus'' is a genus of lotid fishes, with these currently recognized species:
* '' Gaidropsarus argentatus'' ( J. C. H. Reinhardt, 1837) (Arctic rockling)
* '' Gaidropsarus biscayensis'' ( Collett, 1890) (Mediterranean bigeye rockling)
* ...
color:oligocene bar:NAM24 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Gadiculus
''Gadiculus'', or the silvery pouts, are genus of cod, fishes in the family Gadidae. They are distributed in the coastal waters of the Northeast Atlantic and the adjacent Mediterranean Sea. They do not grow larger than and are of minor importa ...
color:oligocene bar:NAM25 from: -28.4 till: -15.97 text: Pseudoraniceps
color:oligocene bar:NAM26 from: -28.4 till: -11.608 text: Palaeomolva
color:oligocene bar:NAM27 from: -28.4 till: 0 text: Trisopterus
''Trisopterus'' is a genus of small cods, family Gadidae. They are native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean including the Mediterranean Sea.
Species
There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* '' Trisopterus capelanus'' ( Lacep ...
color:oligocene bar:NAM28 from: -28.4 till: 0 text: Micromesistius
color:oligocene bar:NAM29 from: -28.4 till: 0 text: Coryphaenoides
''Coryphaenoides'' is a genus of rattails which is found in all oceans of the world. They are found in deep waters and ''C. yaquinae'', recorded to , is the only member in the family known from the hadal zone.
The generic name means "similar to ...
color:oligocene bar:NAM30 from: -28.4 till: 0 text: Brosmius
color:miocene bar:NAM31 from: -23.03 till: -15.97 text: Bregmacerinia
color:miocene bar:NAM32 from: -23.03 till: -5.332 text: Trichiurichthys
color:miocene bar:NAM33 from: -23.03 till: 0 text: Ventrifossa
color:miocene bar:NAM34 from: -23.03 till: 0 text: Physiculus
color:miocene bar:NAM35 from: -23.03 till: 0 text: Austrophycis
color:miocene bar:NAM36 from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Molva
color:miocene bar:NAM37 from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Merlangius
color:miocene bar:NAM38 from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Lepidion
color:miocene bar:NAM39 from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Laemonema
color:miocene bar:NAM40 from: -11.608 till: -5.332 text: Eclipes
color:miocene bar:NAM41 from: -11.608 till: -5.332 text: Bolbocara
color:miocene bar:NAM42 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Paratrisopterus
color:miocene bar:NAM43 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Gadus
color:miocene bar:NAM44 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Gadomus
color:miocene bar:NAM45 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Brosme
color:pliocene bar:NAM46 from: -5.332 till: -2.588 text: Pseudophycis
color:pliocene bar:NAM47 from: -5.332 till: -2.588 text: Gadella
color:pliocene bar:NAM48 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Theragra
color:pliocene bar:NAM49 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Microgadus
color:pliocene bar:NAM50 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Melanogrammus
color:pliocene bar:NAM51 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Lycodopsis
color:pleistocene bar:NAM52 from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 text: Pollachius
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** Early Christianity
** Early modern Europe
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa
* Early, Texas
* Early ...
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from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.
References
{{Authority control
Taxa named by Edwin Stephen Goodrich
Ray-finned fish orders