Probable G-protein coupled receptor 158 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''GPR158''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Function
This protein is an
orphan
An orphan (from the el, ορφανός, orphanós) is a child whose parents have died.
In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan. When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is usuall ...
class C GPCR
The class C G-protein-coupled receptors () are a class of G-protein coupled receptors that include the metabotropic glutamate receptors () and several additional receptors.
Structurally they are composed of four elements; an N-terminal Signal pe ...
. It is highly expressed in the brain, where it binds to
RGS7
Regulator of G-protein signaling 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RGS7'' gene.
RGS7 is highly enriched in the brain where it acts as a universal inhibitor of Gi/o-coupled GPCR. RGS7 is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). It accel ...
, an inhibitor of
Gi/o-coupled GPCR
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily-related p ...
signaling, localizing it to the
plasma membrane.
It is expressed at lower levels in other organs and shows an unusual subcellular localization pattern, being found at both the plasma membrane and in the
nucleus
Nucleus ( : nuclei) is a Latin word for the seed inside a fruit. It most often refers to:
*Atomic nucleus, the very dense central region of an atom
* Cell nucleus, a central organelle of a eukaryotic cell, containing most of the cell's DNA
Nucl ...
.
[ ]
Clinical significance
Role in mood regulation
GPR158 in the
medial prefrontal cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) covers the front part of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex. The PFC contains the Brodmann areas BA8, BA9, BA10, BA11, BA12, BA13, BA14, BA24, BA25, BA32, BA44, BA45, BA4 ...
(mPFC) has been shown to regulate stress-induced depression in a
mouse model of depression and has been found to be
upregulated
In the biological context of organisms' production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the quantity of a cellular component, such as RNA or protein, in response to an external stimulus. The complementary pro ...
in
post-mortem
An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death or to evaluate any di ...
tissue samples from humans with
major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Intro ...
(MDD).
Role in prostate cancer
The ''GPR158'' gene is an
androgen-regulated gene that stimulates cell proliferation in
prostate cancer cell lines, and it is linked to
neuroendocrine differentiation.
[ ]
References
G protein-coupled receptors
{{transmembranereceptor-stub