GOST 16876-71 (russian: ГОСТ 16876-71) is a

romanization Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and ...

system (for

transliteration Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one writing system, script to another that involves swapping Letter (alphabet), letters (thus ''wikt:trans-#Prefix, trans-'' + ''wikt:littera#Latin, liter-'') in predictable ways, such as ...

of Russian Cyrillic alphabet texts into the

Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. Largely unaltered with the exception of extensions (such as diacritics), it used to write English and the o ...

) devised by the National Administration for Geodesy and Cartography of the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

. It is based on the

scientific transliteration Scientific transliteration, variously called ''academic'', ''linguistic'', ''international'', or ''scholarly transliteration'', is an international system for transliteration of text from the Cyrillic script to the Latin script (romanization). Thi ...

system used in

linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...

. GOST was an international standard so it included provision for a number of the languages of the Soviet Union. The standard was revised twice in 1973 and 1980 with minor changes. GOST 16876-71 contains two tables of a transliteration: * Table 1: one Cyrillic char to one Latin char, some with diacritics * Table 2: one Cyrillic char to one or many Latin char, but without diacritics In 1978,

COMECON The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (, ; English abbreviation COMECON, CMEA, CEMA, or CAME) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along wi ...

adopted GOST 16876-71 with minor modifications as its official transliteration standard, under the name of SEV 1362-78 (russian: СЭВ 1362-78). GOST 16876-71 was used by the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

to develop its romanization system for geographical names, which was adopted for official use by the United Nations at the Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names in

Montreal, Quebec Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-pea ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

, in 1987. UN system relies on

diacritic A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (, "distinguishing"), from (, "to distinguish"). The word ''diacriti ...

s to compensate for non-Russian Cyrillic alphabets. In 2002, the

Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

along with a number of

CIS Cis or cis- may refer to: Places * Cis, Trentino, in Italy * In Poland: ** Cis, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central ** Cis, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, north Math, science and biology * cis (mathematics) (cis(''θ'')), a trigonome ...

countries abandoned the use of GOST 16876 in favor of ISO 9:1995, which was adopted as GOST 7.79-2000.

Russian

; Notes: : * In parenthesis the acceptable additional variants are shown. : † It is recommended to use ''c'' before ''i, e, y,'' and ''j,'' and ''cz'' in all other cases. : ‡ Cyrillic ''і'' in

Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...

and Belorussian is always transliterated as Latin ''i'', as well as in Old Russian and Old Bulgarian texts where it is usually used before vowels. In the rare case where it falls before a consonant (for example, in the word міръ) it is transliterated with an apostrophe ''i'''. The letters і, ѳ, ѣ, ѵ are found in texts from before the Russian orthographic reform of 1918.

Ukrainian

During 1995—2009 the Ukrainian

Derzhstandart The State Committee for Technical Regulation and Consumer Policy (spelling in Ukrainian: Derzhspozhivstandard, or DSSU) is the Ukrainian state standards organization, established in 2002. It is the successor to the State Committee of Ukraine for S ...

tried to introduce the new system of transliteration instead of the Soviet one, though none of the draft projects were accepted officially.One of the projects of the new Ukrainian transliteration standard (2008)
Note: * System B (without diacritics)

References

External links

Official documents

GOST 16876—71

GOST 16876—71 (1981)
scan
GOST 7.79—2000
*

compiled by the UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems; Version 2.2, January 2003. {{Romanization Romanization of Cyrillic Russian language GOST standards

Russian

Ukrainian

See also

References

External links

Official documents