The Family 0 is a family of inline

piston engine A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is typically a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common feat ...

s that was developed by

Opel Opel Automobile GmbH (), usually shortened to Opel, is a German automobile manufacturer which has been a subsidiary of Stellantis since 16 January 2021. It was owned by the American automaker General Motors from 1929 until 2017 and the PSA Grou ...

, at the time a subsidiary of

General Motors The General Motors Company (GM) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is the largest automaker in the United States and ...

, as a low-displacement engine for use on entry-level subcompact cars from

Vauxhall Vauxhall ( ) is a district in South West London, part of the London Borough of Lambeth, England. Vauxhall was part of Surrey until 1889 when the County of London was created. Named after a medieval manor, "Fox Hall", it became well known for ...

. These engines feature a light-weight

cast-iron Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impuriti ...

semi-closed deck

engine block In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure which contains the cylinders and other components. In an early automotive engine, the engine block consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attac ...

with an

aluminum Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. It ha ...

cylinder head In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often abbreviated to simply "head") sits above the cylinders and forms the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines, the head is a simple sheet of metal; whereas in more modern o ...

. The

valvetrain A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) ...

consists of

chain A chain is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links, typically made of metal, with an overall character similar to that of a rope in that it is flexible and curved in compression but linear, rigid, and load-bearing in tension. ...

-driven

hollowcast Permanent mold casting is a metal casting process that employs reusable molds ("permanent molds"), usually made from metal. The most common process uses gravity to fill the mold, however gas pressure or a vacuum are also used. A variation on th ...

dual overhead camshafts (DOHC) that actuate 4-valves per cylinder via roller finger followers with hydraulic tappets. These engines also feature a bore spacing and fracture-split

connecting rod A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the crank ...

s. Later versions also incorporate a

variable length intake manifold In internal combustion engines, a variable-length intake manifold (VLIM),variable intake manifold (VIM), or variable intake system (VIS) is an automobile internal combustion engine manifold technology. As the name implies, VLIM/VIM/VIS can vary ...

(VLIM) and

variable valve timing In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combination with var ...

(VVT). Originally debuting as either a

straight-3 A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engines, straight-three engines have noneth ...

straight-4 A straight-four engine (also called an inline-four) is a four-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The vast majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout (with the ...

; a I4 variant was added with the introduction of the second generation, replacing the 1.4 L Family 1 engine. The ''Family 0'' engines were produced by Opel Wien in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Aspern Aspern () is part of Donaustadt, the 22nd district of Vienna, Austria. History The area is known because of the Battle of Aspern-Essling, which was fought in the nearby Lobau on 21 and 22 May 1809. In that battle, the Austrian army, led by A ...

(Austria), by GM in Bupyeong (Korea) and Flint (Michigan, USA).

Generation I

The engine was first introduced in the 1996

Opel Corsa The Opel Corsa is a supermini car engineered and produced by the German automobile manufacturer Opel since 1982. Throughout its existence, it has been sold under a variety of other brands owned by General Motors (most notably Vauxhall, Chev ...

, either as a three-cylinder or as a

four-cylinder The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorize ...

version. This was Opel's first three-cylinder engine. Applications: * 2000-2004 Opel/Vauxhall Agila * 1998-2003 Opel/Vauxhall Astra G * 1996-2000 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa B * 2000-2004 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa C

Generation II

The second generation Family 0 began production in November 2002. It is an updated version of the Family 0 engine and features

TwinPort In internal combustion engines, a variable-length intake manifold (VLIM),variable intake manifold (VIM), or variable intake system (VIS) is an automobile internal combustion engine manifold technology. As the name implies, VLIM/VIM/VIS can vary ...

technology – twin intake ports with a choke closing one of the ports at low RPM, providing strong air swirl pattern for higher torque levels and better fuel economy. The

crankshaft A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecti ...

and oil galleries were also redesigned to lower power loss; thereby increasing fuel economy. Applications: * 2003-2010 Opel/Vauxhall Combo C * 2003-2006 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa C/ Holden Barina (XC) * 2006-2014 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa D * 2004-2009 Opel/Vauxhall Tigra TwinTop * 2004-2010 Opel/Vauxhall Astra H * 2005-2009 Opel/Vauxhall Astra G Classic models * 2003-2007 Opel/Vauxhall Agila * 2004-2010 Opel/Vauxhall Meriva A

Generation III

The EcoFlex engine is a version of the TwinPort tuned to provide better fuel economy and lower emissions. The 1.4 L engine was introduced in 2008 and the 1.0 L engine in 2010. For model year 2012, the EcoFlex engines have been updated with double cam phasing (DCVCP) in a ''Gen III'' block. Certain Opel and US-market Chevrolet versions of the

Delta II Delta II was an expendable launch system, originally designed and built by McDonnell Douglas. Delta II was part of the Delta rocket family and entered service in 1989. Delta II vehicles included the Delta 6000, and the two later Delta 7000 va ...

platform compact cars use a

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pr ...

version of the 1.4 L engine with double variable cam phasing (DCVCP); in the future, an optional

gasoline direct injection Gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection (PDI), is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines that run on gasoline (petrol), where fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. This is distinct fro ...

system will be introduced. Opel versions feature Start&Stop system from 2011 and a ''Gen III'' block; a lower-power 120 ps version has been introduced as well. For model year 2013, the overboost to has been added. Turbomotor

Applications: *2011–2019 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa *2009–2015 Opel/Vauxhall Astra J *2010–2017 Opel/Vauxhall Meriva B *2011–2019 Opel/Vauxhall Zafira Tourer *2011–2015

Chevrolet Cruze The Chevrolet Cruze is a compact car that is produced by General Motors since 2008. It was designated as a globally developed, designed, and manufactured four-door compact sedan, complemented by a five-door hatchback body variant from 2011, and ...

*2016

Limited *2010–2015 Chevrolet Volt / Opel/Vauxhall Ampera *2012–2020 Chevrolet Aveo/Sonic *2013–2019

Opel Adam The Opel Adam is a city car engineered and produced by the German car manufacturer Opel, and is named after the company's founder Adam Opel. It was sold under the Vauxhall marque in the United Kingdom. It was launched in France at the 2012 Par ...

*2013–2016 Cadillac ELR *2013–present Buick Encore / Opel Mokka *2014-present Chevrolet/Holden Trax *2017–2019 Vanderhall Venice *2016- Roewe e950 *2013-2015

Chevrolet Spin The Chevrolet Spin is a mini MPV produced by General Motors under the Chevrolet marque. Developed by GM do Brasil, the vehicle replaced the Meriva and Zafira in South America with an option of two-row and three-row seating. It is produced in ...

References

External links

* http://www.gmpowertrain.com {{General Motors Family 0 Straight-three engines Straight-four engines Gasoline engines by model

Generation I

Generation II

Generation III

See also

References

External links