Friedrich David Gilly (16 February 1772 – 3 August 1800) was a German architect and the son of the architect David Gilly. His works are influenced by revolutionary architecture (''Revolutionsarchitektur''). Born in Altdamm,

Pomerania Pomerania ( pl, Pomorze; german: Pommern; Kashubian: ''Pòmòrskô''; sv, Pommern) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany. The western part of Pomerania belongs to ...

, (today Dąbie, district of Szczecin,

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

), Gilly was known as a prodigy and the teacher of the young

Karl Friedrich Schinkel Karl Friedrich Schinkel (13 March 1781 – 9 October 1841) was a Prussian architect, city planner and painter who also designed furniture and stage sets. Schinkel was one of the most prominent architects of Germany and designed both neoclassic ...

. In 1788 he enrolled at the

Akademie der Bildenden Künste The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (german: link=no, Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien) is a public art school in Vienna, Austria. History The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna was founded in 1692 as a private academy modelled on the Accademia di Sa ...

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...

. His teachers in architecture were Friedrich Becherer and Carl Gotthard Langhans. Gilly enjoyed drawing lessons with Christian Bernhard Rode,

Johann Christoph Frisch Johann Christoph Frisch (born 9 February 1738 in Berlin; died 28 February 1815 in Berlin) was a historical painter. He was the son of the designer and engraver, Ferdinand Helfreich Frisch. He was a pupil of B. Rode and afterwards studied furth ...

, Johann Heinrich Meil,

Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki Daniel Niklaus Chodowiecki (16 October 1726 – 7 February 1801) was a German painter and printmaker of Huguenot and Polish ancestry, who is most famous as an etcher. He spent most of his life in Berlin, and became the director of the Berlin Acad ...

and Johann Gottfried Schadow. In the practical part, he was taught by Carl Gotthard Langhans, Michael Philipp Boumann and Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff. He was first employed by the Oberhofbauamt in 1789, and worked for a time with Bernhard Matthias Brasch on the reconstruction of Neuruppin. In 1797 Gilly travelled extensively in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

, and

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

. The drawings he made in France reveal his interests in architecture and reflect the intellectual climate of the

Directoire The Directory (also called Directorate, ) was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by ...

. They include views of the Fountain of Regeneration, the Rue des Colonnes—an arcaded street of baseless Doric columns leading to the

Théâtre Feydeau The Théâtre Feydeau (), a former Parisian theatre company, was founded in 1789 with the patronage of Monsieur, Comte de Provence (later to become Louis XVIII), and was therefore initially named the Théâtre de Monsieur. It began performing in t ...

—the chamber of the Conseil des Anciens in the

Tuileries The Tuileries Palace (french: Palais des Tuileries, ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine, directly in front of the Louvre. It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from ...

and

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...

’s grotto in its landscaped setting at

Ermenonville Ermenonville () is a commune in the Oise department, northern France. Ermenonville is notable for its park named for Jean-Jacques Rousseau by René Louis de Girardin. Rousseau's tomb was designed by the painter Hubert Robert, and sits on the Isl ...

Oise Oise ( ; ; pcd, Oése) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called ''Oisiens'' () or ''Isariens'', after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,41 ...

. His 1797 design for the Frederick II monument reveals his debt to French neoclassicism, in particular Etienne-Louis Boullée. His explanatory notes indicate that he intended the building to be spiritually uplifting. The plan for the monument is currently part of the collection of the Kupferstichkabinett in Berlin. From 1799, Schinkel lived in the Gilly household at

and was taught by Friedrich and Friedrich's architect father David Gilly. Gilly was appointed professor at the Berlin Bauakademie at the age of 26. Of his built designs, only one survives: the ruinous

Greek Revival The Greek Revival was an architectural movement which began in the middle of the 18th century but which particularly flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in northern Europe and the United States and Canada, but a ...

mausoleum (1800–02; destroyed after 1945) at Dyhernfurth near Breslau (now Brzeg Dolny near

Wrocław Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, rou ...

), in the form of a prostyle Greek temple. Gilly died from

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, i ...

at the age of 28 in Karlsbad, where he was buried in the cemetery of Andreaskapelle. File:Gilly Perspektivisches Studienblatt 1798-99.jpg, Perspektivisches Studienblatt 1798 File:Gilly Denkmal.jpg, Gilly's plan for a monument to Frederick II of Prussia, Berlin, 1797 File:Friedrich Gilly (Porträt-Herme von Gottfried Schadow).jpg, Friedrich Gilly. Bust by Gottfried Schadow

References

In English

* Friedrich Gilly: ''Essays on Architecture, 1796-1799''. Introduction by Fritz Neumeyer. Translation by David Britt. 1994, 240 pages. * Karl-Eugen Kurrer: ''The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium''. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 2018, S. 937 ff., .

In German

* F iedrichAdler: ''Friedrich Gilly – Schinkel's Lehrer'', in: ''Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung'', Jg. 1, 1881, Hefte 1–3
Digitalisat)
* Cord-Friedrich Berghahn: ''Das Wagnis der Autonomie. Studien zu Karl Philipp Moritz, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Heinrich Gentz, Friedrich Gilly und Ludwig Tieck.'' Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2012, . * Michael Bollé, María Ocón Fernández: ''Die Büchersammlung Friedrich Gillys (1772–1800). Provenienz und Schicksal einer Architektenbibliothek im theoretischen Kontext des 18. Jahrhunderts''. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 2019. . * Sabine Bock: ''Gilly, Friedrich (1772–1800).'' In: Dirk Alvermann, Nils Jörn (Hrsg.): ''Biographisches Lexikon für Pommern''. Band 1 (= ''Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern.'' Reihe V, Band 48,1). Böhlau Verlag, Köln Weimar Wien 2013, , S. 100–101. * Adolph Doebber: ''Gilly, Friedrich''. In: Ulrich Thieme, Fred. C. Willis (Hrsg.): Begründet von Ulrich Thieme und Felix Becker. Band 14: ''Giddens–Gress''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1921, S. 48–49 (Textarchiv – Internet Archive). * Friedrich Gilly, Friedrich Frick: ''Schloss Marienburg in Preussen. In Lieferungen erschienen 1799–1803.'' Das Ansichtenwerk neu herausgegeben von Wilhelm Salewski. Galtgarben Verlag, Düsseldorf 1965. * ''Friedrich Gilly 1772–1800 und die Privatgesellschaft junger Architekten''. Hrsg. Rolf Bothe, Berlin Museum, 21. September bis 4. November 1984 (Ausstellungskatalog), Koordination Brigitte Schütz, Verlag Willmuth Arenhövel, Berlin 1984, . * Otto Holtze: ''Friedrich Gilly.'' In: ''Pommersche Lebensbilder.'' Band 3: ''Pommern des 18., 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts.'' Saunier, Stettin 1939, S. 204–215. * Alste Horn-Oncken: ''Gilly, Friedrich David.'' In: ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'' (NDB). Band 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, , S. 399 f. (Digitalisat). * Konrad Levezow: ''Denkschrift auf Friedrich Gilly, königlichen Architecten und Professor der Academie der Baukunst zu Berlin.'' Verlag der Realschulbuchhandlung, Berlin 1801. * Arthur Moeller van den Bruck: ''Gilly.'' In: Arthur Moeller van den Bruck: ''Der preussische Stil.'' Piper, München 1916, S. 109–129. * Fritz Neumeyer (Hrsg.): ''Friedrich Gilly. Essays zur Architektur, 1796–1799.'' = ''Gilly, Essays.'' Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1997, . * Alste Oncken: ''Friedrich Gilly. 1772–1800'' (= ''Forschungen zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte.'' Bd. 5, = ''Jahresgabe des Deutschen Vereins für Kunstwissenschaft.'' 1935). Deutscher Verein für Kunstwissenschaft, Berlin 1935 (korrigierter, im Wesentlichen aber unveränderter Nachdruck. (= ''Die Bauwerke und Kunstdenkmäler von Berlin.'' Beiheft 7). Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1981, ). * Hella Reelfs: ''Friedrich und David Gilly in neuer Sicht.'' In: ''Kunstgeschichtliche Gesellschaft zu Berlin. Sitzungsberichte.'' NF Bd. 28/29, 1979/1981, , S. 18–23. * Alfred Rietdorf: ''Gilly. Wiedergeburt der Architektur.'' Hans von Hugo, Berlin 1940. * Hermann Schmitz: ''Die Baumeister David und Friedrich Gilly in ihren Beziehungen zu Pommern.'' In: ''Monatsblätter der Gesellschaft für pommersche Geschichte und Altertumskunde.'' Jg. 23, 1909, , S. 81–87 und S. 108–111. * Hermann Schmitz: ''Friedrich Gilly.'' In: ''Kunst und Künstler.'' Bd. 7, 1909, , S. 201–206, Digitalisat. * Gerd-Helge Vogel (Hrsg.): ''Friedrich Gilly 1772–1800. Innovation und Tradition klassizistischer Architektur in Europa''. Geidberg-Verlag, Güstrow 2002, . * Eduard Wätjen: ''Friedrich Gillys Entwurf für ein Denkmal König Friedrichs II. von Preußen.'' In: ''Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst.'' Bd. 51, 2000, , S. 199–228.

Bust by Schadow

Bust of Friedrich Gilly
(by Johann Gottfried Schadow, 1801)

Citations

1772 births 1800 deaths 18th-century German architects 19th-century deaths from tuberculosis Tuberculosis deaths in Germany German neoclassical architects People from the Province of Pomerania People from Szczecin {{Germany-architect-stub