French seaplane carrier Foudre

The ''Foudre'' was a French seaplane carrier, the first in history. Her development followed the invention of the seaplane in 1910 with the French '' Le Canard''.

Torpedo boat tender

The ''Foudre'' was first commissioned in 1896 as a torpedo boat tender (''Croiseur porte-torpilleurs''), with the role of helping bring torpedo boats to the high seas, and launch them for attack.

She was then modified as repair ship in 1907, as a minelayer in 1910, as a seaplane carrier in 1911 (depot, transport, and launch by crane), and seaplane carrier with a flying-off deck in 1913. She was initially converted to carry torpedo-carrying planes in hangars on the main deck. They were lowered on the sea with a crane.Description
of ''Foudre''

First seaplane carrier

In April 1910, Vice-Admiral Auguste Boué de Lapeyrère, Navy Minister, established a committee to study the usage of balloons and planes by the navy.

Seaplane tender

On November 29, 1911, a navy airbase was established at Fréjus Saint-Raphaël, and the torpedo boat tender ''Foudre'' was sent to the naval yard in Toulon to be converted as a seaplane tender. The ship was fitted out in a totally new way. A deck was installed at the bow for the seaplane to take off. The seaplane would land on the water, and be craned on board for stowing.

A float-equipped '' Canard Voisin'' seaplane was bought by the navy for this purpose in December 1911. The ''Foudre'' would be stationed at Fréjus, working as a seaplane tender, allowing for stowage, repair and supply of the seaplanes. The ship was armed on April 15, 1912, and trials with the ''Canard Voisin'' then started.

On May 1, 1912, the Navy Ministry purchased several more seaplanes, a monoplane Breguet with a single float, a Nieuport with double float, and a converted Farman biplane.

Experiments at sea started with the ''Foudre'' in July 1912 during tactical exercises in the Mediterranean. The ''Canard Voisin'', and a new foldable ''Nieuport'' were used. During the exercises, in which a wargame simulated the fight of two rival navies, the use of the ''Nieuport'' allowed the discovery of a surprise attack by the "adversary". During the summer of 1912 many flights of the ''Canard Voisin'' from the ''Foudre'' were accomplished in the bay of Saint-Raphaël.

By the middle of 1913, the navy had 11 seaplane pilots. The ''Foudre'' was again used in large-scale naval exercises. One of its planes, a Nieuport used for observations, foiled a "surprise attack" by a group of warships. Five more seaplanes were ordered following these exercises.

Liftoff platform experiments

In November 1913, a 10-meter flying-off deck was installed, with the objective of using it for a Caudron G.3 seaplane. The plane successfully lifted off from the ship on May 8, 1914. At the beginning of the war, the platform was dismantled, and further experiments were postponed to a later date.

World War I

During World War I her roles were numerous, ranging from submarine tender to seaplane/aircraft transport, and headquarters ship in 1916. She was employed as an aviation school ship after the war.

Notes

Bibliography

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Further reading

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External links

L'avènement de l'Aviation Maritime





Les Canards de Gabriel Voisin (HTML)PDF file with images

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foudre
Ships built in France
1895 ships
Aircraft carriers of the French Navy
World War I naval ships of France